Page 98 – Public Health Update

World Diabetes Day 2021: Access to Diabetes Care – If Not Now, When?

by Public Health Update November 13, 2021

written by Public Health Update

Overview

World Diabetes Day (WDD) was initiated in 1991 by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) in response to growing concerns about the escalating health threat posed by diabetes. WDD became an official United Nations Day in 2006 with the passage of United Nation Resolution 61/225.

It is marked every year on 14 November, the birthday of Sir Frederick Banting, who co-discovered insulin along with Charles Best in 1922.

Aims

WDD is the world’s largest diabetes awareness campaign reaching a global audience of over 1 billion people in more than 160 countries. The campaign draws attention to issues of paramount importance to the diabetes world and keeps diabetes firmly in the public and political spotlight.

The World Diabetes Day campaign aims to be the:

Platform to promote IDF advocacy efforts throughout the year.
Global driver to promote the importance of taking coordinated and concerted actions to confront diabetes as a critical global health issue.

Theme

Every year, the World Diabetes Day campaign focuses on a dedicated theme that runs for one or more years. The theme for World Diabetes Day 2021-23 is Access to Diabetes Care – If Not Now, When?.

Facts

463 million adults (1-in-11) were living with diabetes in 2019 The number of people living with diabetes is expected rise to 578 million by 2030.
1 in 2 adults with diabetes remain undiagnosed (232 million). The majority have type 2 diabetes.
More than 3 in 4 people with diabetes live in low and middle-income countries.
1 in 6 live births (20 million) are affected by high blood glucose (hyperglycaemia) in pregnancy.
Two-thirds of people with diabetes live in urban areas and three-quarters are of working age.
1 in 5 people with diabetes (136 million) are above 65 years old.
Diabetes caused 4.2 million deaths in 2019.
Diabetes was responsible for at least $760 billion in health expenditure in 2019 – 10% of the global total spent on healthcare.

Diabetes Around the World in 2021 (Key global findings)

Key Messages

Fundamental components of diabetes care include:

Access to insulin
Access to oral medicines
Access to self-monitoring
Access to education and psychological support.
Access to healthy food and a safe place to exercise.

Source of info: http://worlddiabetesday.org/resources/

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November 13, 2021 0 comments

World Pneumonia Day! Every breath counts. Stop pneumonia now.

Public Health Activities PH Important Day Public Health Events

World Pneumonia Day: Championing the Fight against Pneumonia!

by Public Health Update November 11, 2021

written by Public Health Update

Overview

World Pneumonia Day is marked every year on November 12th to raise awareness about pneumonia. It was established in 2009 to:

Raise awareness about pneumonia, the world’s leading killer of children under the age of five;
Promote interventions to protect against, prevent and treat pneumonia; and
Generate action to combat pneumonia.

Pneumonia is the single biggest infectious killer of adults and children – claiming the lives of 2.5 million, including 672,000 children, in 2019.

Deaths from COVID-19 will add two million more in 2020, bringing the total to more than four million. No other infection causes anywhere near this burden of death.

Facts

A child dies of pneumonia every 39 seconds.
Pneumonia kills more children than any other infectious disease, claiming the lives of over 800,000 children under five every year, or around 2,200 every day.
This includes over 153,000 newborns. Almost all of these deaths are preventable.
Globally, there are over 1,400 cases of pneumonia per 100,000 children, or 1 case per 71 children every year, with the greatest incidence occurring in South Asia (2,500 cases per 100,000 children) and West and Central Africa (1,620 cases per 100,000 children).

Data Source: UNICEF

World Pneumonia Day 2021

This year, World Pneumonia Day, on 12 November 2021, is held during COP 26 – the UN Climate Change Conference.

This is a critical moment to bring together the health, air quality and climate community to tackle the biggest infectious killer on the planet.

Air pollution is the leading risk factor for death from pneumonia across all age groups. Almost a third of all pneumonia deaths were attributable to polluted air, killing around 749,200 in 2019. Household air pollution contributed to 423,000 of these deaths while outdoor air pollution contributed to 326,000.

It is the very young and the very old who are at greatest risk. Children are more susceptible to household air pollution in homes that regularly use polluting fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. While outdoor air pollution, especially from pollutants emitted by industries and car exhaust smoke, disproportionately affects respiratory health among older adults.

Ninety percent of air pollution-related deaths are concentrated in 40 low- and middle-income countries. In many African countries, air pollution contributes to more than 50 percent of all pneumonia deaths. And while pneumonia deaths from household air pollution are declining in Africa, they are tragically increasing as a result of outdoor air pollution. This is also true for Asia.

The need for clean air action is clear. Reducing air pollution will deliver significant benefits to health and the environment.

This World Pneumonia Day, Every Breath Counts is calling on governments with heavy burdens of pneumonia and air pollution to commit to reducing air pollution-related pneumonia deaths by 50 percent by 2030.

Major actions

To end the preventable burden of pneumonia we must work together to:

Raise awareness about pneumonia, the leading killer of young children.
Strengthen, accelerate and sustain interventions to prevent and treat pneumonia.
Raise awareness about pneumonia, the leading killer of young children.
Strengthen, accelerate and sustain interventions to prevent and treat pneumonia.
Focus on equitable access to, and delivery of, comprehensive pneumonia prevention and control programmes.
Design strategies to reach vulnerable populations to improve their access to available interventions.

Source of info:

https://stoppneumonia.org/
https://www.apsresp.org/
https://www.worldpneumoniaday.org/

World Pneumonia days

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November 11, 2021 0 comments

Syllabus Public Health Notes Research & Publication

Syllabus for Pharmacy Officer- Gandaki Province PSC

by Public Health Update November 10, 2021

written by Public Health Update

Course content

Section A- 20 Marks

Development of Pharmacy and Drug Legislation in Nepal.
1.1 Pharmaceutical development in Nepal.
1.2 Pharmaceutical institution in Nepal.
1.3 Drug legislation in Nepal.
1.4 National Health Policy, National Drug Policy and their relation.
1.5 Role and Responsibility of Nepal Pharmacy Council
Pharmaceutical analysis
2.1 Fundamental titrimetric analysis: Acid-base, Oxidation-reduction, Nonaqueous, Complexometric and potentiometric titrations; Ion selective electrodes.
2.2 Spectroscopic methods of analysis, Absorption, Visible, IR, UV spectroscopy, Fluorimetry, Polarimetry, Atomic absorption and Emission spectroscopy.
2.3 Gravimetric analytical methods and their applications.
2.4 Separation techniques: Column, Paper, Thin layer, Ion exchange, Gel and Gas chromatography; High Performance Liquid Chromatography, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, Electrophoreses, and Mass Spectrometry
2.5 Extraction and Importance of partition coefficient.
2.6 Principles and application of microbiological assay of antibiotics and vitamins.
2.7 Good Laboratory Practices, validation, references standards.
2.8 Statistical analysis, sampling technique, analysis of variance.

Section B- 20 Marks
Pharmaceutics
3.1. Prescription, proper handling of prescription, incompatibilities.
3.2. Pharmaceutical dosage form: Fast, Immediate, Sustained/controlled release
including novel drug delivery system. e.g. mucosal drug delivery systems.
3.3. Manufacturing; Elements of Good Manufacturing Practice; WHO Certification Scheme on the Quality of Pharmaceutical Products Moving in International Commerce and its usefulness for quality assurance; packaging and stability of pharmaceutical products, costing of pharmaceutical formulation and prediction of maximum retail price.
3.4. Pharmaceutical additives.
3.5. Layout plan of pharmaceutical manufacturing plant including quality control, good manufacturing practice and safety measures in factories.
3.6. Physical pharmacy; application of thermodynamics; rate and order of reaction; accelerated stability testing and shelf-life of drugs; pH; buffered and isotonic solution; solution of electrolytes; micromeritics; colloidal system; theology.
3.7. Bioavailability and Bioequivalence studies.
Microbiology and Immunology
4.1 Scope of microbiology with special reference to pharmaceutical sciences, basic principles of sterility and pyrogen testing
4.2 Microbial contamination test in pharmaceuticals, food, water and environment; classification of pathogenic microorganisms.
4.3 Methodology of sterilization.
4.4 Fundamental of Immunology, Testing of vaccines used in Extended Programme of Immunization.
4.5 Basic Principles of Biotechnology

Section C- 30 Marks

Pharmacognosy
5.1 Medicinal herbs of Nepal: Origin, distribution, cultivation, drying, pulverization, storage, and quality control.
5.2 Plant analysis, types of plant constituents and physico-chemical standards.
5.3 Plant based drugs in modern medicine.
5.4 Extraction process and isolation of active ingredients, pilot plant processing.
Pharmacology
6.1 Mechanism and action of drugs, their safety, uses and mode of administration.
6.2 Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacological evaluation of drugs.
6.3 Poisoning: control and treatment.
6.4 Adverse drug reaction and drug interactions.
Medicinal Chemistry
7.1 Characterization of organic compounds of pharmaceutical interest and specific reactions.
7.2 Synthesis of important pharmaceuticals, their pharmacological action and antimicrobial activities.
7.3 Structure Activity relationship of the drugs: Drug affecting Nervous system, NSAIDs, Cardiovascular drugs and Diuretics, Antimicrobial Drugs, Endocrinology and related drugs

Section D- 30 Marks
Drug Act & Pharmacopoeia
8.1 Legislation
8.1.1 DRUG ACT 2035
8.1.2 Drug Registration Regulation 2038
8.1.3 Drug Consultative Council and Drug Advisory Committee Regulation 2037
8.1.4 Drug Investigation and Inspection Rules 2040
8.1.5 Drug Standard Regulation 2043
8.1.6 Ausadi Utpatad Sahita 2041
8.1.7 Narcotic Drugs Control Act 2033
8.2 Pharmacopoeia; Pharmacopoeial standards and their needs; importance and application of pharmacopoeial specification.
Pharmaceutical Care and Drug Supply Management
9.1 Comprehensive knowledge of clinical and hospital pharmacy; patient counseling and dosage adjustment in elderly, impaired liver and kidney; use of drug in neonates, children, pregnancy and lactation.
9.2 Logistics management (selection, procurement, storage and distribution).
9.3 Drug Financing Schemes (cost recovery, sharing and insurance).
9.4 Concept of Essential Drugs, National Formulary, Hospital Formulary and Drug & Therapeutics Committee.
9.5 Standard Treatment Schedules and rational use of drugs.
9.6 Role of Pharmacist in hospital and community.
9.7 Basic Principles of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Management.

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Syllabus for Nursing Officer-Gandaki Province PSC

by Public Health Update November 10, 2021

written by Public Health Update

Technical outline

First paper

1 Nursing concept & Principles 20%
1.1 Nursing Theory
1.1.1. V. Henderson
1.1.2. D. Orem
1.1.3. Roy’s
1.1.4. Florence Nightingale
1.1.5. Peplau’s Interpersonal Theory,
1.1.6 Cultural Care Theory
1.2. Nursing Process
1.2.1 Steps of Nursing process
1.3. Pain and Stress management
1.3.1 Nursing Management
1.3.2 Medical Management
1.4. Holistic Health Care
1.4.1 Components of holistic health care
1.4.2 Methods of holistic care
1.4.3 Alternative medicines
1.5 Creativity in Nursing
1.5.1 Methods of creativity
1.5.2 Barriers of creativity
1.6. Professional Development
1.6.1 Nursing ethics
1.6.2 Trends
1.6.3 Professional and clients right
1.6.4 Legal Right
1.6.5 Human Right, Child Right and Women’s Right
1.6.6 ICN code of Nursing
1.6.7 ICM code of Nursing
1.6.8 (N.A.N.) Nursing Association of Nepal
1.6.9 (N.N.C.) Nepal Nursing Council
1.6.10 Laws related to health and nursing
1.6.10.1 Medico legal case
1.6.10.2 Disposal of dead body
1.6.10.3 Organ transplantation
1.6.10.4 Narcotic Drugs
1.6.10.5 Abortion

2 Behavioral Science and Psychology applied in Nursing 10%
2.1 Major cultural groups and their health seeking behaviour.
2.2 Factors affecting health of the people.
2.2.1 Socio economic conditions
2.2.2 Education
2.2.3 Politics
2.2.4 Gender
2.2.5 Physical environment
2.2.6 Social Cultural Background
2.3 Social problems in Nepal
2.3.1 Population explosion and migration

2.3.2 Poverty
2.3.3 Unemployment
2.3.4 Substance abuse
2.3.5 Suicide and other mental health problems
2.3.6 Prostitution
2.3.7 Violence
2.3.8 Child abuse / Exploitation
2.3.9 Gender bias
2.3.10 Girl trafficking
2.4 Psychology applied to Nursing
2.4.1 Characteristics of human behavior
2.4.2 Causes of behavioral changes
2.4.3 Emotional development
2.4.4 Control of emotions

3 Education Science in Nursing 15%
3.1 Teaching and Learning
3.1.1 Principles
3.1.2 Factors which affect Teaching / Learning
3.2 Roles and Responsibilities of a Teacher.
3.3 Ethics in Teaching/Learning
3.4 Teaching Methods and Media
3.4.1 Teaching methods
3.4.1.1 Microteaching problems
3.4.1.2 Evidenced based learning
3.4.1.3 Self directed learning
3.4.1.4 Seminar/Symposium exhibition
3.4.1.5 Case study presentation
3.4.2 Media
3.4.2.1 Audio Aids
3.4.2.2 Video Aids
3.4.2.3 Audio / Video Aids
3.5 In-service Education
3.5.1 Need Assessment
3.5.2 Planning, organizing & conducting
3.5.3 Class room teaching
3.5.4 Clinical Teaching
3.5.5 Evaluation and Feedback
3.6 Components of Curriculum Development
3.7 Evaluation
3.7.1 Types
3.7.2 Characteristics of evaluation tools

4 Health Care Management 20%
4.1 Trends of Healthcare delivery system in Nepal
4.2 Management:
4.2.1 Concept, principles, theories
4.2.2 Resource management
4.3 Planning:
4.3.1 Elements, process
4.3.2 Benefits and Limitation
4.4 Organization
4.4.1 Types, Principles, elements
4.5 Organizational behavior
4.5.1 Group Dynamic
4.5.2 Communication
4.5.3 Organizational conflict and management (Problem solving)
4.6 Organizational structures of Health Care Delivery system in Nepal (MoHP, Provincial and Local Level Health Institution)
4.7 Leadership
4.7.1 Theories
4.7.2 Types
4.7.3 Functions
4.7.4 Characteristics
4.8 Supervision and monitoring
4.8.1 Concept
4.8.2 Purpose
4.9 Personnel development
4.9.1 Motivation
4.9.2 Morale and Discipline
4.9.3 Leadership and decision making
4.10Human Recourse Development
4.10.1 Elements, steps
4.10.2 Production/distribution
4.11 Health Economics
4.11.1 Concepts
4.11.2 Demand and supply
4.11.3 Cost benefit and cost effectiveness in Nursing Management
4.11.4 Application in Nursing service
4.12 Health Information Management
4.13 Disaster Management
4.14 Quality Assurance Management
4.15 Job description
4.16 National Policies
4.16.1 Health Provision in Constitution
4.16.2 Health Act 2053, Regulation 2055
4.16.3 National Health Policy 2076
4.16.4 Strategy
4.16.2.1 Priority
4.17 Current fifth five- year plan
4.18 Millennium development goal/sustainable development health.
4.19 Second long-term health plan

5 Research & Statistics 15%
5.1 Research Terminology
5.1.1 Variables
5.1.2 Principles
5.1.3 Hypothesis
5.1.4 Operational definitions
5.1.5 Limitations & Delimitations
5.1.6 Validity & Reliability
5.2 Ethics & Regulations in Health & Nursing Research
5.2.1 Ethics in Research.

5.2.2 National Ethical guidelines in Health research in Nepal (NHRC)
5.3 Methodology
5.3.1 Types of research
5.3.2 Sampling Techniques
5.3.3 Method of data collection
5.3.4 Development of Instrument
5.3.5 Statistical Data analysis
5.3.6 Report writing & Dissemination
5.4 Importance of Research in Nursing services .

6 Applied Health Sciences 10%
6.1 Anatomy and physiology of :
6.1.1 Cardiovascular System
6.1.2 Respiratory system
6.1.3 Digestive system
6.1.4 Muscular skeletal system
6.1.5 Nervous system
6.1.6 Special senses
6.1.7 Reproductive system
6.1.8 Endocrine system
6.2 Pharmacology
6.2.1 Principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic
6.2.2 Important Drugs and their actions
6.2.3 List of essential Drugs as specified by WHO/ DDA ( Department of Drug Administration)
6.2.4 Life saving drugs
6.3 Patho-physiology
6.3.1 General concepts of necrosis
6.3.2 Inflammation
6.3.3 Thrombosis
6.3.4 Embolism
6.3.5 wound – healing (oedema )
6.3.6 Neoplasms
6.3.7 Antigens and antibodies
6.4 Microbiology
6.4.1 Classification of Micro – organism
6.4.2 Microbial Morphology and the process of :
6.4.2.1 Drug sensitivity testing
6.4.2.2 Important terminologies
6.4.2.3 Opportunistic infections
6.4.2.4 Pathogens
6.4.2.5 Bacterial toxins
6.4.3 Sterilization
6.4.3.1 Different methods and Types
6.5 Biochemistry
6.5.1 Digestion and absorption of carbohydrate, protein and fat
6.5.2 Malabsorption
6.5.3 Classifications of vitamins and requirement of different age group
6.6 Nutrition
6.6.1 Assessment of Nutrition status
6.6.2 Therapeutic diet in various medical conditions
6.6.3 Menu planning & calculation of calorie for different age group
6.6.4 Food belief & practice/food safety
6.6.5 Common Nutritional deficiency diseases .

7 Mental Health 10%
7.1 Concept of mental health / Illness
7.1.1 Neuroses
7.1.2 Psychoses
7.1.3 Mental Retardation
7.1.4 Epilepsy
7.1.5 Alcohols and Drug abuse
7.1.6 Psychosexual problems
7.2 Role and Responsibilities of Nurse in :
7.2.1 Primodial Prevention
7.2.2 Primary Prevention
7.2.3 Secondary Prevention
7.2.4 Tertiary prevention
7.3 Modality of Treatment
7.3.1 Drug therapy
7.3.2 ECT
7.3.3 Counseling
7.3.4 Diversional Therapy
7.3.5 Legal Responsibilities
7.3.6 Emergency management of violent patient
7.4 Common Mental Health problems in Nepal

Second paper

Section A – 30 Marks

History of community health Nursing in Nepal; Changing Concept in public health/disease/ health illness continuum /PHC 10%
1.1 Determinants of health
1.2 Responsibilities of Individual, family, group, & community
1.3 Concept of PHC
1.4 Principles of PHC
1.5 Elements of PHC
Community diagnosis and Community participation 10%
2.1 Concept and Process of Community diagnosis
2.2 Concept, Process, Purpose, Barriers and resource mobilization in community participation
Community health Nursing Management 10%
3.1 Planning
3.2 Organizing
3.3 Implementing/follow up
3.4 Supervision & monitoring
3.5 Evaluating
3.6 Referral

Section B – 30 Marks
Recording/Reporting Family Health & Reproductive Health 20%
4.1 Role and responsibilities of Nurse in providing Family Health Care.
4.2 Importance of Home visit.
4.3 Reproductive Health
4.3.1 Concept
4.3.2 Components
4.3.3 Life span reproductive health care
4.3.4 Safe motherhood
4.3.5 Family planning
4.3.6 Care and Prevention of HIV/AIDS /STI
Domiciliary midwifery services & Responsibilities 10%
5.1 Domiciliary midwifery services
5.1.1 Birth preparedness package
5.1.2 Basic Emergency Obstetric Care
5.1.3 Clean, home delivery services
5.1.4 Supervision and guidance in domiciliary midwifery service
5.1.5 Postnatal care
5.1.6 Post abortion care
5.2 Role and Responsibilities of following professionals
5.2.1 RHD (Regional Health Director)
5.2.2 Senior Public Health Nurse
5.2.3 Community Nursing Officer
5.2.4 Public Health Nurse
5.2.5 Staff Nurse (PHCC)
5.2.6 ANM/AHW
5.2.7 MCHW
5.2.8 FCHW
Epidemiology and vital health statistics. 10%
3.1 Health, economics and socio-indicators.
3.2 Epidemiological approach & methods.
Occupational Health 10%
5.1 Occupational health hazards
5.2 Preventive measures

Section D – 20 Marks
Special health program in Nepal 10%
8.1 Nutrition
8.2 ARI (Acute Respiratory Infection)
8.3 CDD (Control of Diarrhoeal Disease)
8.4 Maternal and child health care Family Planning
Common communicable and Non-communicable diseases 10%
9.1 Communicable diseases
9.1.1 TB
9.1.2 Malaria, Kala Azar, Encephalitis
9.1.3 HIV/AIDS, STI
9.1.4 Hepatitis ‘B’
9.1.5 Water borne diseases
9.1.6 Covid-19
9.2 Non-communicable diseases
9.2.1 Heart Disease
9.2.2 Diabetes
9.2.3 Cancer
9.2.4 Mental Problems
9.2.5 Hypertension

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Call for Applications: Performance Monitoring and Evidence Working Group Early Career Fellowship

by Public Health Update November 10, 2021

written by Public Health Update

The FP2030 Performance Monitoring and Evidence working group is offering a volunteer professional development fellowship for young professionals in the field of family planning measurement. The youth fellows will participate in PME WG meetings, work on areas of future work/small group activities and grow professionally in the global family planning measurement field. The youth fellows will be able to communicate with all PME WG members and the FP2030 team to build networks and expand leadership in this field. The youth fellowship is a rotational seat on the PME WG with a two-year term.

Youth fellows of the PME WG are responsible for:

Providing technical and strategic advice in their areas of expertise. Sharing their specific global health knowledge and experience, based off prior employments or their graduate school experience.
Working towards stakeholder alignment in their respective spheres of influence, including youth stakeholder groups.
Promoting the principles and activities of FP2030 while participating in meetings, collaborating with mentors, and networking with all PME WG members.
Liaising with their communities of practice, building relationships, and encouraging engagement with the FP2030 movement, especially within their organization.
Serving as a point person for their organization/institution and sharing knowledge gained from the PME WG with their professors and colleagues.

Main Qualifications:

Be under the age of 30
Currently enrolled or graduated within 2 years of a PhD or DrPH graduate program related to global health, public health, demography, etc.
Have 3-5 years of experience working and/or studying in global family planning and sexual and reproductive health measurement.
Have a strong understanding and interest in the Family Planning 2030 partnership and measurement agenda such as the FP2020 core indicators, the FP2020 results framework, and annual progress report.
Demonstrate a broad range of technical skills, experience analyzing quantitative or qualitative data, and thematic expertise on areas of the FP2030 measurement agenda.
Demonstrate professional proficiency in English. Please note that Working Group activities are conducted in English.

Applicants will be reviewed with an eye towards technical expertise and institutional representation while also striving for geographical diversity (both in terms of fellows’ university affiliations and where they are from), gender diversity, and representation from traditionally underrepresented groups. Students or recent graduates from Africa, Asia, or the LAC region are encouraged to apply.

The youth fellowship is a voluntary position with the PME Working Group and FP2030 will aim provide a stipend for students. However, we cannot confirm this at this time. We will confirm this possibility with the selected youth fellows in 2022. We encourage those who would require a stipend to participate to still apply.

The application will close on December 13, 2021. The selected youth fellows will be notified in early 2022 and invited to join the Spring PME WG meeting.

November 10, 2021 0 comments

Public Health Public Health Notes Research & Publication Syllabus

Syllabus for Public Health Officer-Gandaki Province PSC

by Public Health Update November 10, 2021

written by Public Health Update

Technical content of syllabus

First Paper

Health and Public Health 5%
1.1. Meaning of health and disease, Factors that influence health, concept of health and disease, Dimension of disease, Measurement of health, disease and well being
1.2 Public health concept, Historical development and changing concept
Health Planning and Management 20%
2.1 Approaches, models, methods and practices
2.2 Need assessment, planning cycle, Planning, monitoring and evaluation
2.3 Strategic and operational planning
2.4 Inventory management
2.5 Drug management
2.6 Financial management
2.7 Health economics, Health care financing: Basic concepts and economic evaluation of health care services
2.8 Health care need assessment
2.9 Decentralization in health management
2.10 Quality assurance in health care
General Epidemiology 10%
3.1 Definition, concepts, approaches, aims, and use of epidemiology
3.2 Epidemiological methods, Incidence, Prevalence, association and causation, disease prevention and control
3.3 Epidemiology of communicable and non- communicable diseases
3.4 Dynamics of disease transmission
3.5 Investigation of an epidemics
3.6 Screening of diseases
3.7 Health indicators
Health Statistics 5%
4.1 Sources of health information, Health information system
4.2 Tabulation, graphic and diagrammatic presentation of data
4.3 Statistical methods; Measures of central tendency, Measures of variability
4.4 Sampling size, Sampling survey and test of significance, correlation and
regression
Demography 5%
5.1 Population trends-world and national
5.2 Measures of population dynamics
5.3 Factors affecting fertility, mortality and migration
5.4 Urbanization, Life expectancy
Applied Epidemiology and Disease Control 20%
6.1 Epidemiology, Prevention and control of communicable diseases including: Measles, Diphtheria, Whooping cough, Acute respiratory tract infection, Rubella, Mumps, Influenza, Tuberculosis, Viral hepatitis, Food poisoning, Typhoid fever, Intestinal worms, Acute diarrhoeal diseases, Filaria, Leishmaniasis, Malaria, Japanese encephalitis, Rabies, Tetanus, Trachoma, Leprosy, STD and HIV/AIDS, COVID-19
6.2 Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases
6.3 Concept of Control, elimination and eradication of diseases
Food and Nutrition 5%
7.1 Nutritional profiles
7.2 Nutritional problems
7.3 Assessment of nutritional status
7.4 Food toxication, additives and fortification;
7.5 Multisectoral nutrition plan and intervention
8 Environmental Health 5%
8.1 Management and control of basic and fundamental factors; Water, Air, Lighting, Noise, Housing
8.2 Solid waste disposal and control – Medical Health Care Waste Management
8.3 Excreta disposal and control
8.4 Medical entomology -Mosquito, housefly, sand fly, lice, fleas, bugs etc. control
8.5 Insecticides safe use and resistance, control of insecticides and pesticides and food safety
8.5 Rodents control
Occupational Health 5%
9.1 Occupational environment and safety
9.2 Occupational hazards
9.3 Management and prevention of occupational hazards
9.4 Measures for general health protection of workers
9.5 Health ergonomics
Health Education and Health Promotion 10%
10.1 Concept, Objectives and principles and their importance
10.2 Methods of health education
10.3 Health education medias and production
10.4 Behavior change communication (BCC) & Social behavior change communication (SBCC)
10.5 Community organization and participation
10.6 Communication and information: concepts and importance
10.7 School health program: concepts, areas and importance
10.8 Media management for health promotion and risk communication management
Universal Health Coverage (UHC), Primary Health Care (PHC), Essential Health Care Services (EHCS), Basic Health Service Package, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 5%
11.1 Concept, Components, Status and Prospects
International Health and Global Health 5%
12.1 External development partners, International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) and their priorities
12.2 UN agencies: WHO, UNICEF, UNDP, UNFPA, UNAIDS and World Bank
12.3 Bilateral agencies working in Nepal: USAID, JICA, GTZ, DFID, SDC, CIDA, AUSAID, NORAD, FINIDA, KOIKA

2nd Paper

Section A- 30 Marks

Health & Population Plan and Policies Issues 10%
1.1 National and Gandaki Province Health and Population Policies
1.2 Long term Health plans
1.3 Current National and Gandaki Province Five Year Plan (Health Sector)
Health Issues and Regulations 20%
4.1 Public Health Service Act, 2075 and Regulation 2077
4.2 Health Service-related Act and Regulation
4.3 Financial procedure and financial accountability Act and Regulation (Federal & Gandaki Province)
4.4 Health Service in Federal context
4.5 General knowledge of Health Education related universities/colleges/institutions and their programme
4.6 Professional councils and related Regulations
4.7 Ethical issues in health
4.8 Health and human right

Section B- 30 Marks
Introduction, Objectives, Strategies, Targets and Current Status of National Health programs 30%
2.1 Family Planning, Safe Motherhood, Immunization Program, Nutrition, Integrated management of Childhood illness (IMCI), Malaria, Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Sexually transmitted Infections (STI) and HIV/AIDS
2.2 National and Gandaki Province health training center: basic, refresher and other continuous medical education programme and continue professional development (CPD) programme
2.3 National Health Education Information and Communication Center: Critical overview of functions and roles
2.4 Development of Local/District/Provincial/National Health Profiles
2.5 Female Community Health Volunteers Programme (FCHV)
2.6 Primary Health Care Outreach Programme (PHC-ORC)
2.7 Disaster Management and Early Warning Reporting System (EWARS)
2.8 Health Sector Reform Program: Strategy and planning programs
2.9 Health Economics and Financing Unit (HEFU)
2.10 Integrated Health Information Management System (IHIMS)
2.11 Logistic Management Information System (LMIS)
2.12 Human Resource Information Center (HURIC)

Section C- 20 Marks
3.Management of Public Health Programme in the Local/District/Provincial/National level 20%
3.1 Family Planning, Safe Motherhood, Immunization Program, Nutrition, Integrated management of Childhood illness (IMCI), Malaria, Kala-azar, J.E. and other Vector borne diseases, Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Sexual transmission diseases (STD) and HIV/AIDS.
3.2 Training activities in the Local/District/Provincial/National level;
3.3 Health education, information and communication activities in the Local/District/Provincial/National level
3.4 Management of Health Camps, Public Health Campaigns and Health screening programme

Section D- 20 Marks
Management Issues in Nepal Health Services 20%
5.1 Personnel management: concept, principles, nature
5.2 Human resource management: concept, functions and different aspects
5.3 Community organization: Concepts, principles and process
5.4 Supervision, monitoring and evaluation of health care system: Principles, practice and importance
5.5 Inter and intra-sectoral coordination in health services
5.6 Indigenous and traditional health care system including Ayurveda and other system: Concepts, status and their analytical study
5.7 Analytical study of organizational structure and functions of Federal and Gandaki Province Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) and below structure/units.

Sample questions

Discuss briefly the objectives and strategies of second long term health plan (1997-2017).
Write the objective, strategy, targets and current status of Tuberculosis programme of Nepal.
What is early warning reporting system (EWARS)? Discuss its importance and applications.

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The Peter Salama Refugee MPH Scholarship in Humanitarian Health

by Public Health Update November 9, 2021

written by Public Health Update

Institution Contact: mphprog@jhu.edu

Level of Study: Graduate

Fields of Study: Master of Public Health.

Scholarship Award Amount: Full tuition for the 11-month program of study

Approximate Funding Gap to be filled by student: Housing, travel, and living assistance

Award Duration: 11 months for Master of Public Health (MPH) graduate program

Number of Awards Available: One

Application Deadline: December 1, 2021; all required application materials are due by January 15, 2022.

Application Requirements:

The Master of Public Health program at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (JHSPH), in partnership with the Johns Hopkins Center for Humanitarian Health, has launched a refugee scholarship program to support one individual who has been displaced due to the conflicts in Afghanistan, Myanmar, Somalia, South Sudan and Syria. These students will receive full tuition, while pursuing a Master of Public Health (MPH) graduate degree at JHSPH).

Applicants must have been displaced by the conflict in:

Afghanistan and currently residing in Pakistan or Iran, or who have fled Afghanistan in recent months regardless of their current location, or residing under Temporary Protected Status, refugees, or asylum seekers in the U.S.
Myanmar and currently residing in Bangladesh or residing under Temporary Protected Status, refugees, or asylum seekers in the U.S.
South Sudan and currently residing in Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan, or Uganda, or residing under Temporary Protected Status, refugees or asylum seekers in the U.S.
Somalia and currently residing in Kenya or Ethiopia, or residing under Temporary Protected Status, refugees, or asylum seekers in the U.S.
Syria and currently residing in Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, or Turkey, or residing under Temporary Protected Status, refugees or asylum seekers in the U.S.

Students will begin their studies in late June 2022 (full-time MPH program only).

JHSPH requires a minimum TOEFL score of 100 or IELTS score of 7.0.

Applications are due by December 1, 2021; all required application materials are due by January 15, 2022.

International Applicants can apply for waivers for the SOPHAS application

Applicants with questions are asked to please contact the MPH Program by e-mailing: mphprog@jhu.edu

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International Jobs & Opportunities Fellowships, Studentship & Scholarships PhD Public Health Opportunities Public Health Opportunity

Western Sydney University and Kathmandu University Dual Award PhD Scholarship

by Public Health Update November 9, 2021

written by Public Health Update

School of Social Sciences

Lead Researcher: Associate Professor Nichole Georgeou

About the project

The School of Social Sciences within Western Sydney University has established a Dual Award HDR Agreement with the School of Arts within Kathmandu University.(opens in new window) Opens in a new window

The Dual Award HDR Agreement creates a unique opportunity for a Western Sydney University PhD candidate to receive a Dual Award PhD Scholarship which includes a fee waiver, a stipend of $10,000, and the conferral of a Doctor of Philosophy from both institutions.

Applications are now open for both domestic and international students for Western Sydney University’s home candidate for the Dual Award PhD Scholarship.

The successful applicant’s ‘Home Institution’ will be Western Sydney University and will also enrol as a research student of Kathmandu University.

The Universities will work with the successful applicant to create a research project that aligns with their own academic interests, in fields of research where each institution share common, strategic research goals.

What does the scholarship provide?

Domestic candidates will receive a tax-free stipend of $10,000(AUD) per annum for up to 3 years to support living costs, supported by the Research Training Program (RTP) Fee Offset.
International candidates will receive a tax-free stipend of $10,000(AUD) per annum for up to 3 years to support living costs. Those with a strong track record will be eligible for a tuition fee waiver.
Support for conference attendance, fieldwork and additional costs will be considered by the relevant School(s).

International candidates are required to hold an Overseas Student Health Care (OSHC)(opens in new window) Opens in a new window insurance policy for the duration their study in Australia. This cost is not covered by the scholarship.

Eligibility criteria

Applications will be assessed competitively, with consideration of the research strengths of the institutions.

As the candidature will be administered by the School of Social Sciences within Western Sydney University, applicants with a strong background and research interest in social justice – in fields such as Anthropology, Criminology, Development Studies, Migration, Human Rights, Gender and Sexualities Studies, Social Work, Disability Research, and Sociology – will be highly considered.

Demonstrated alignment with the expertise of the School of Arts, Kathmandu University, will also be highly considered – in such fields as Development Studies, Migration, Social Inclusion and Exclusion, Sociology, Disability Research, Heritage Studies, and Social Sciences.

The successful applicant should:

hold qualifications and experience equal to one of the following (i) an Australian First Class Bachelor (Honours) degree, (ii) coursework Masters with at least 25% research component, (iii) Research Masters degree, or (iv) equivalent overseas qualifications.
meet the requirements of the Australian Qualifications Framework,(opens in new window) Level 10 Doctoral Degree, where graduates at this level will have systematic and critical understanding of a complex field of learning and specialised research skills for the advancement of learning and/or professional practice.

Highly desirable criteria are an ability to:

apply research skills and analytical competences to address the socio-political challenges posed by the processes of implementation and contextualisation of human rights standards and policies with regards to diversity.
analyse and evaluate the quality and effectiveness of public policies carried out by intergovernmental, state and sub-state entities, including the governmental institutions and organisations, as well as the role of non-state actors, including corporate organisations, civil society organisations, communities, human rights activists’ networks.
advise and assist public and private institutions active in the legal and socio-political fields, in education, communication and cultural mediation in implementing human rights programs.

International applicants must demonstrate English language proficiency.(opens in new window) Opens in a new window

How to apply

Follow the step-by-step instructions on the how to apply for a project scholarship(opens in new window) Opens in a new window page.

In your application, include a one-page proposal stating how your research interests align with the common, strategic research goals of both the School of Social Sciences within Western Sydney University and the School of Arts within Kathmandu University.

Incomplete applications or applications that do not conform to the above requirements will not be considered.

For questions and advice about the research project, please contact the Lead Researcher;
Associate Professor Nichole Georgeou: n.georgeou@westernsydney.edu.au

For questions and advice about the application process, please contact the Graduate Research School: grs.scholarships@westernsydney.edu.au

Applications close 31 December 2021

*Applications close at 11.59pm Australian Eastern Daylight Time (AEDT).

Scholarship code: PS2020_066_SoSS

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Public Health National Plan, Policy & Guidelines Outbreak News Research & Publication

Protocol for Using Bamlanivimab + Etesevimab Anti-SARC-CoVID-2 Monoclonal Antibodies

by Public Health Update November 7, 2021

written by Public Health Update

The Bamlanivimab+Etesevimab are anti-SARC-COVID-2 monoclonal antibodies which have received Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) from US FDA as well as conditional use approval from the MoHP, Department of Drug Administration (DDA) in Nepal.

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Courses International Jobs & Opportunities PhD Public Health Opportunities Public Health Opportunity School of Public Health Universities & School of Public Health

Doctor of Philosophy (Public Health) in Australia

by Public Health Update November 5, 2021

written by Public Health Update

Here are the list of Universities and available Doctor of Philosophy (Public Health) in Australia.

Australian National University

Doctor of Philosophy, Research School of Population Health

Central Queensland University

Doctor of Philosophy (Sciences, Engineering and Health)

Charles Sturt University (CSU)

Doctor of Health Science

Curtin University

Doctor of Philosophy (Public Health) Research
Doctor of Philosophy – Global (Health Sciences) Research
Doctor of Philosophy – Global (Low Cost) Research (Public Health)

Flinders University

Doctor of Philosophy (Public Health)
Doctor of Philosophy (Health Sciences)

James Cook University

Doctor of Philosophy (Health)

La Trobe University (La Trobe)

Doctor of Philosophy (Health Sciences)
Doctor of Public Health (Professional Doctorate)

Macquarie University (Macquarie)

Doctor of Philosophy (Medicine and Health Sciences)

Monash University (Monash)

Doctor of Public Health
Doctor of Philosophy (Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences) (Medicine)
Doctor of Philosophy (Joint PhD with Justus Liebig University Giessen) (Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences) (International)
Doctor of Philosophy (Joint PhD with University of Warwick) (Medicine Nursing & Health Sciences)
Doctor of Philosophy (Joint PhD with University of Warwick) (Medicine Nursing & Health Sciences) (International)

Queensland University of Technology (QUT)

Doctor of Health Science

Southern Cross University (SCU)

Doctor of Philosophy (Health Science)

The University of Adelaide (Adelaide)

Doctor of Philosophy (Public Health)

The University of Melbourne (UniMelb)

Doctor of Philosophy – Medicine, Health Sciences
Doctor of Philosophy (Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences)

The University of New South Wales (UNSW)

Doctor of Philosophy – Public Health and Community Medicine
Doctor of Philosophy – Rural Health

The University of Newcastle (UoN)

Doctor of Philosophy (Public Health and Behavioural Sciences)
Doctor of Philosophy (Aboriginal Health Studies)
Doctor of Philosophy (Environmental and Occupational Health)
Doctor of Philosophy (Gender and Health)
Doctor of Philosophy (Health Economics)
Doctor of Philosophy (Oral Health)
Doctor of Philosophy (Paediatrics and Child Health)
Doctor of Philosophy (Public Health and Behavioural Sciences)

The University of Notre Dame Australia

Doctor of Health Sciences

The University of Queensland

Doctor of Philosophy (Architecture, creative arts, education, health, information technology, management and commerce, mathematical sciences, social and cultural studies)
Doctor of Philosophy (Health and Behavioural Sciences, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences

The University of Sydney

Doctor of Health Science
Doctor of Philosophy (Behavioural and Community Health Sciences)
Doctor of Philosophy (Medicine and Health)
Doctor of Philosophy in Health Sciences
Joint Doctor of Philosophy (Medicine and Health)

The University of Western Australia (UWA)

Doctor of Philosophy (Dentistry) (Public Health)
Doctor of Philosophy (Medicine) (Public Health)

Torrens University Australia Limited

Doctor of Philosophy (Public Health)

University of New England

Doctor of Philosophy (Allied Health)
Doctor of Philosophy (Allied Health) 4 Years

University of South Australia (UniSA)

Doctor of Philosophy (Environmental Remediation and Public Health) (Double Award PhD with the University of Copenhagen)
Doctor of Philosophy (Public Health)
Doctor of Philosophy (Environmental Remediation and Public Health) (Double Award PhD with the University of Copenhagen)
Doctor of Philosophy (Health Sciences)
Doctor of Philosophy (Public Health)

University of Tasmania (UTas)

Doctor of Philosophy (Public Health) and Graduate Certificate in Research
Doctor of Health
Doctor of Philosophy (Public Health) and Graduate Certificate in Research

University of Technology Sydney (UTS)

Doctor of Philosophy (Accounting, Business Analytics, Finance, Health Economics, Management and Marketing)
Doctor of Philosophy (Indigenous Health)
Doctor of Philosophy (Nursing, Midwifery, Health)
Doctor of Philosophy (Public Health)

University of Wollongong (UoW)

Doctor of Public Health

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School of Social Sciences

Lead Researcher: Associate Professor Nichole Georgeou

About the project

What does the scholarship provide?

Eligibility criteria

How to apply

Applications close 31 December 2021

Scholarship code: PS2020_066_SoSS

Protocol for Using Bamlanivimab + Etesevimab Anti-SARC-CoVID-2 Monoclonal Antibodies

Doctor of Philosophy (Public Health) in Australia

PUBLIC HEALTH INITIATIVE