National Health care Quality Assurance Framework
Health SystemsNational Plan, Policy & GuidelinesQuality Improvement & Infection PreventionResearch & Publication

National Health care Quality Assurance Framework

by Public Health Update
written by Public Health Update

The Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) Nepal has released the National Health Care Quality Assurance Framework to provide guidance for policymakers, program managers, and health planners at the national, district, and facility levels. It is also intended for maternal and newborn health professionals, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), including private-sector health organizations involved or interested in the provision of maternal and newborn health services, as well as community organizations interested in improving the quality of health services. This Framework serves as a toolkit or an umbrella, which brings together and organizes the full range of evidence-based quality policies, standards, guidelines, protocols, tools, and practices in a single framework and provides necessary guidance and direction.

Purpose

  • To improve performance, reduce risk and achieve sustainable growth
  • To ensure high quality, effective, accountable, and evidence-based services
  • To measure the impact of service provision on both client, family, and community
  • To meet national and local performance standards
  • To contribute to the development of an organization-wide culture of ongoing quality assurance and quality improvement
  • To support high-quality governance standards
  • To link to strategic plans and initiatives (local, province, and federal government.

Commonly used QI tools/approaches in the Health Sector

  • Minimum Service Standards
  • Quality Improvement Tools
  • POCQI – Point of Care Quality Improvement Hospitals
  • Standard Treatment Guidelines and Protocols
  • Coaching and Mentoring Tool for MNH Service Providers
  • Client Feedback Tools/Mechanisms
  • Review Meetings (including focused review e.g., MPDSR)
  • MNH Readiness QI tool for Hospital
  • MNH Readiness QI tool for Birthing Center
  • Robson Implementation guideline
  • QI tool for Skilled Birth Attendant (SBA) and Mid-Level Practicum (MLP) Training Sites

Quality of care (six domains)

Screen Shot 2023 06 23 at 22.38.01
Quality of care (six domains)

Key roles for quality assurance and monitoring mechanisms

Federal Level

MoHP (Quality Assurance and Regulation Division)

  • Preparing, reviewing, and facilitating implication of national quality assurance policies and guidelines
  • Establishing service standards and monitoring for all services and types of facilities
  • Guidance and monitoring of the quality of services being delivered by all types of health facilities
  • Review and monitoring of service provision and quality of services delivered
  • Establishing quality standards for drugs, commodities, equipment, and medical supplies
  • Ensuring requirements as per the International Health Regulation (IHR)
  • Facilitating registration, renewal, and monitoring of health facilities based on their established criteria and norms.

DoHS

  • Facilitating implementation, monitoring, and review of the delivery of health services and quality of those services
  • Supporting MoHP in preparation of quality-of-care related policies, protocols, and guidelines of MoHP
  • Ensuring delivery of essential services by all basic health care facilities and other services as per the protocol and health policies.

Divisions/ Centers

  • Developing program-specific technical guidance and protocols to ensure preparedness and delivery of health services.

Province Level

MoSD/MoHP

  • Prepare and implement provincial policies, acts, quality standards, and implementation guidelines
  • Ensure delivery of essential services by all facilities and other services as per the policy and protocols
  • Facilitate registration, operation, listing, and regulation of private and cooperative health facilities as per the policy and protocols
  • Facilitate production, and use of health-related commodities, medicines and ensuring the quality of imported medicines and commodities.

Directorate/ Centers

  • Management of logistics and supply chain system of medicines, health commodities, and supplies
  • Facilitate implementation, monitoring, and review of the delivery of health services and quality of those services by provincial-level health facilities
  • Facilitate dissemination and implementation of program[1]specific technical guidance and protocols.

Health Offices (district level)

  • Coordinate with the municipal, district, and provincial level authorities to ensure delivery of health services as per the policy and protocol.

Local Level

Municipality

  • Ensure delivery of basic health and sanitation services as per the federal, provincial, and local health policies, standards, and protocols
  • Facilitate dissemination of information for public awareness and demand creation
  • Coordinate with other sections/sectors to create clean, healthy, and resilient societies

Hospital/Health Facility

  • Deliver basic health services as outlined in federal, provincial, and local health policies and by ensuring national standards and protocols.

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Disclaimer: The resources, documents, guidelines, and information on this blog have been collected from various sources and are intended for informational purposes only. Information published on or through this website and affiliated social media channels does not represent the intention, plan, or strategies of an organization that the initiator is associated with in a professional or personal capacity, unless explicitly indicated.
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Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022 [Key Findings]
Fact SheetGlobal Health NewsHealth in DataPublic HealthReportsResearch & Publication

Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022 [Key Findings]

by Public Health Update
written by Public Health Update

The 2022 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) provides data for monitoring the population and health situation in Nepal to inform strategic planning and program evaluation. The 2022 DHS is the 6th Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Nepal since 1996.

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Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022 @DHSprogram

Household and Respondent Characteristics & Household Water and Sanitation

  • Forty-four (44%) of women & 53% of men age 15-49 have some secondary education or higher. Still, 26% of women and 8% of men have no education.
  • More girls than boys attend school in Nepal. For every 100 boys who attend lower basic school, 105 girls are attending lower basic school.
  • Nighty eight (98%) of the population in Nepal has at least basic drinking water service.
  • Seventy-three (73%) of the population has access to at least basic sanitation service, nearly double from 40% in 2011.
  • Sixty-one (61%) of women with a menstrual period in the last year used appropriate materials & were able to wash & change in privacy.
GF56 1
Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022 @DHSprogram

Fertility and Family Planning

  • Women in Nepal have an average of 2.1 children (total fertility rate). Fertility has declined slightly from 2.3 children in 2016.
  • The contraceptive prevalence rate is 57% for married women age 15-49 – 43% use a modern method & 15% use a traditional method. The use of any Family Planning has increased from 53% in 2016.
  • The total demand for family planning among married women age 15-49 is 78%. 21% of married women have an unmet need for Family Planning. 55% of the demand for family planning is satisfied by modern methods.

Childhood Mortality

  • Infant & under-5 mortality rates for the 5-year period before the survey are 28 & 33 deaths per 1,000 live births, respectively. Neonatal deaths account for 3/4 of infant deaths, at 21 per 1,000 live births.
  • Under-5 mortality has declined in Nepal from 118 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1996 to 33 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2022.
GF56 2
Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022 @DHSprogram

Maternal and Newborn Health Care

  • Eighty-one (81%) of women age 15-49 attended 4+ antenatal care (ANC) visits, and 73% had their first ANC visit in the first trimester.
  • Seventy-Nine (79%) of live births are delivered in a health facility. Health facility deliveries have markedly improved from 57% in 2016 to 79% in 2022. Still, 19% of births are delivered at home.

Child Health

  • Eighty (80%) of children age 12-23 months are fully vaccinated against all basic antigens. Basic vaccination coverage has increased slightly from 78% in 2014.
  • Ten (10%) of children under 5 in Nepal had diarrhea in the 2 weeks before the survey. 48% of children under 5 with recent diarrhea received oral rehydration therapy, but 28% received no treatment.

Nutrition of Children and Women

  • Twenty-five (25%) of children under 5 are stunted, 8% are wasted, and 19% are underweight. The nutritional status of children has improved in the last 22 years.
  • Thirty-Five (35%) of Nepali women age 20-49 are overweight or obese and 10% are thin. Among adolescent women age 15-19, 6% are overweight or obese and 26% are thin.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Related to HIV/AIDS

  • Three (3%) of women & 2% of men age 15-49 have been tested for HIV & received their results in the past 12 months.
  • Ten (10%) of women & 13% of men age 15-49 have ever been tested for HIV & received their results. Compared to 2016, the same number of women but fewer men were tested for HIV in 2022.

Domestic Violence

  • Twenty-three (23%) of women age 15-49 in Nepal have experienced physical violence since age 15. The most common perpetrator of physical violence against married women are current and former husbands/intimate partners.
  • Twenty-eight (28%) of women who have ever had a husband/intimate partner in Nepal have experienced intimate partner violence whether physical, sexual, or emotional by any current or previous husband/intimate partner.

Disability

  • Among adults age 15-49 in Nepal, 8% of women and 7% of men have a lot of difficulty or cannot function in more than one domain of disability.
  • Six (6%) of household members age 5 or older have a lot of difficulty or cannot do at all in at least one domain of disability. Difficulty seeing was the most commonly reported disability.

Accidents and Injuries

  • There are 14 deaths due to road traffic injuries per 100,000 population in Nepal. More men than women die due to road traffic injuries with 11 deaths per 100,000 men and 3 deaths per 100,000 women.
  • The most common type of road traffic accidents or crashes that occur in Nepal involve motorcycle accidents that account for 68% of those killed or injured in the 12 months preceding the survey.

Blood pressure

  • Eighteen (18%) of women and 23% of men age 15 and older have high blood pressure or hypertension. Among individuals age 60 and older, 46% of women and 42% of men have high blood pressure or hypertension.
  • Forty-eight (48%) of women and 52% of men age 15 and older with hypertension are unaware about their high blood pressure. 17% of women and 20% of men are aware about their condition but have not been treated.

Ministry of Health and Population [Nepal], New ERA, and ICF. 2023. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022. Kathmandu, Nepal: Ministry of Health and Population [Nepal].

Download full report: Nepali and English

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Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022
Public HealthReportsResearch & Publication

Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022

by Public Health Update
written by Public Health Update

Introduction

The 2022 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) provides data for monitoring the population and health situation in Nepal to inform strategic planning and program evaluation. The 2022 DHS is the 6th Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Nepal since 1996. The 2022 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (2022 NDHS) was implemented by New ERA under the aegis of the Ministry of Health and Population of Nepal. The funding for the NDHS was provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). ICF provided technical assistance through The DHS Program, a USAID-funded project providing support and technical assistance in the implementation of population and health surveys in countries worldwide.

Objective

The primary objective of the 2022 NDHS is to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and health indicators. Specifically, the 2022 NDHS collected information on fertility, marriage, family planning, breastfeeding practices, nutrition, food insecurity, maternal and child health, childhood mortality, awareness and behavior regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), women’s empowerment, domestic violence, fistula, mental health, accident and injury, disability, and other health- related issues such as smoking, knowledge of tuberculosis, and prevalence of hypertension.

The information collected through the 2022 NDHS is intended to assist policymakers and program managers in evaluating and designing programs and strategies for improving the health of Nepal’s population. The survey also provides indicators relevant to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Nepal.

Key findings

Household and Respondent Characteristics & Household Water and Sanitation

  • Forty-four (44%) of women & 53% of men age 15-49 have some secondary education or higher. Still, 26% of women and 8% of men have no education.
  • More girls than boys attend school in Nepal. For every 100 boys who attend lower basic school, 105 girls are attending lower basic school.
  • Nighty eight (98%) of the population in Nepal has at least basic drinking water service.
  • Seventy-three (73%) of the population has access to at least basic sanitation service, nearly double from 40% in 2011.
  • Sixty-one (61%) of women with a menstrual period in the last year used appropriate materials & were able to wash & change in privacy.

Fertility and Family Planning

  • Women in Nepal have an average of 2.1 children (total fertility rate). Fertility has declined slightly from 2.3 children in 2016.
  • The contraceptive prevalence rate is 57% for married women age 15-49 – 43% use a modern method & 15% use a traditional method. The use of any Family Planning has increased from 53% in 2016.
  • The total demand for family planning among married women age 15-49 is 78%. 21% of married women have an unmet need for Family Planning. 55% of the demand for family planning is satisfied by modern methods.

Childhood Mortality

  • Infant & under-5 mortality rates for the 5-year period before the survey are 28 & 33 deaths per 1,000 live births, respectively. Neonatal deaths account for 3/4 of infant deaths, at 21 per 1,000 live births.
  • Under-5 mortality has declined in Nepal from 118 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1996 to 33 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2022.

Maternal and Newborn Health Care

  • Eighty-one (81%) of women age 15-49 attended 4+ antenatal care (ANC) visits, and 73% had their first ANC visit in the first trimester.
  • Seventy-Nine (79%) of live births are delivered in a health facility. Health facility deliveries have markedly improved from 57% in 2016 to 79% in 2022. Still, 19% of births are delivered at home.

Child Health

  • Eighty (80%) of children age 12-23 months are fully vaccinated against all basic antigens. Basic vaccination coverage has increased slightly from 78% in 2014.
  • Ten (10%) of children under 5 in Nepal had diarrhea in the 2 weeks before the survey. 48% of children under 5 with recent diarrhea received oral rehydration therapy, but 28% received no treatment.

Nutrition of Children and Women

  • Twenty-five (25%) of children under 5 are stunted, 8% are wasted, and 19% are underweight. The nutritional status of children has improved in the last 22 years.
  • Thirty-Five (35%) of Nepali women age 20-49 are overweight or obese and 10% are thin. Among adolescent women age 15-19, 6% are overweight or obese and 26% are thin.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Related to HIV/AIDS

  • Three (3%) of women & 2% of men age 15-49 have been tested for HIV & received their results in the past 12 months.
  • Ten (10%) of women & 13% of men age 15-49 have ever been tested for HIV & received their results. Compared to 2016, the same number of women but fewer men were tested for HIV in 2022.

Domestic Violence

  • Twenty-three (23%) of women age 15-49 in Nepal have experienced physical violence since age 15. The most common perpetrator of physical violence against married women are current and former husbands/intimate partners.
  • Twenty-eight (28%) of women who have ever had a husband/intimate partner in Nepal have experienced intimate partner violence whether physical, sexual, or emotional by any current or previous husband/intimate partner.

Disability

  • Among adults age 15-49 in Nepal, 8% of women and 7% of men have a lot of difficulty or cannot function in more than one domain of disability.
  • Six (6%) of household members age 5 or older have a lot of difficulty or cannot do at all in at least one domain of disability. Difficulty seeing was the most commonly reported disability.

Accidents and Injuries

  • There are 14 deaths due to road traffic injuries per 100,000 population in Nepal. More men than women die due to road traffic injuries with 11 deaths per 100,000 men and 3 deaths per 100,000 women.
  • The most common type of road traffic accidents or crashes that occur in Nepal involve motorcycle accidents that account for 68% of those killed or injured in the 12 months preceding the survey.

Blood pressure

  • Eighteen (18%) of women and 23% of men age 15 and older have high blood pressure or hypertension. Among individuals age 60 and older, 46% of women and 42% of men have high blood pressure or hypertension.
  • Forty-eight (48%) of women and 52% of men age 15 and older with hypertension are unaware about their high blood pressure. 17% of women and 20% of men are aware about their condition but have not been treated.

Download dataset

Download Full report (English)

Download Summary report (Nepali)

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International Day of Yoga
PH Important DayPublic HealthPublic Health Events

International Day of Yoga: Towards Heath and Well-being for all

by Public Health Update
written by Public Health Update

By Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh, WHO Regional Director for South-East Asia

On the International Day of Yoga (IDY), WHO and its member states in the South- East Asia Region lead global efforts to celebrate the physical and mental health benefits of Yoga and its contributions to life-long health and well-being.

Health benefits of Yoga

The word “yoga,” which means “to join or to unite,” represents the fusion of the physical body and the mental consciousness. It is currently practiced in many countries all over the world and is becoming more and more popular. In recognition of its universal appeal, the United Nations declared 21 June to be the International Day of Yoga in 2014. The purpose of the International Day of Yoga is to increase public awareness of the various advantages of yoga practice.

Balance is the key component of yoga, not simply balance within the body or between the mind and body, but also equilibrium in one’s interaction with the outside world. The virtues of attention, moderation, discipline, and perseverance are emphasized in yoga. Yoga gives a way to live sustainably when it is applied to societies and communities.

Yoga practices focus on bringing harmony between mind and body as also between human being and nature. Yoga helps in attaining psycho-physiological wellbeing, emotional balance; and cope with routine stress. It is well known that Yogic practices such as Yogasanas (Physical postures), Pranayama (Breathing practices), Dhyana (meditation), cleansing and relaxation practices etc. help modify and regulate the responses to stressors and are beneficial in stress and its consequences. Numerous randomized controlled studies have shown the efficacy of Yogic practices in management of non-communicable diseases like hypertension, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchial asthma, diabetes, sleep disorders, depression, and obesity.

Meditation helps combat stress and related disorders. Practicing meditation helps reduce inflammatory responses. Meditation decreases sympathetic overstimulation and reduces cholesterol levels. It helps increase exercise tolerance, reduce anxiety and enhance maximal workload in an individual.

These are exciting times for Traditional Medicine. The WHO-Global Centre for Traditional Medicine (GCTM), is rapidly coming up in Jamnagar, India., The WHO along with India during its G20 Presidency is going to organize the first ever Traditional Medicine Global Summit in Gandhinagar, India on 17-18 August 2023 on the theme of ‘Towards Heath and Well-being for all’ is another landmark event highlighting the growing eminence of Traditional medicine including Yoga. The summit will focus on the evidence based Traditional Medicine for the Health and Well-being of People and the Planet.

Let’s all commit to practicing yoga regularly on this International Day of Yoga to create a future where everyone is healthier, happier, and stress-free.

International Day of Yoga

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Disclaimer: The resources, documents, guidelines, and information on this blog have been collected from various sources and are intended for informational purposes only. Information published on or through this website and affiliated social media channels does not represent the intention, plan, or strategies of an organization that the initiator is associated with in a professional or personal capacity, unless explicitly indicated.
If you have any complaints, information, or suggestions about the content published on Public Health Update, please feel free to contact us at blog.publichealthupdate@gmail.com.
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World Blood Donor Day
PH Important DayPublic Health NewsPublic Health UpdateWorld News

World Blood Donor Day: Give blood, give plasma, share life, share often

by Public Health Update
written by Public Health Update

World Blood Donor Day: By Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh, WHO Regional Director for South-East Asia

Blood is the very source of existence for all humans. Globally, blood transfusions save millions of lives annually and enhance the life expectancy and quality of life of patients with life-threatening conditions, some of whom require regular transfusions for the rest of their lives.  Blood is the most precious gift that anyone can give to another person – the gift of life. A decision to donate blood can save a life, or even several if blood is separated into its components – red cells, platelets and plasma – which can be used individually for patients with specific conditions. Blood and blood products are required for the treatment of blood dyscrasias, surgeries, obstetric complications, and as a treatment supplement for various diseases.

Availability of quality-assured, safe blood and blood products in a sustainable way is therefore essential for a resilient health system. This sustained availability of safe and quality blood can be ensured through unpaid voluntary blood donation.

In 2005, the World Health Assembly designated June 14 as World Blood Donor Day. Since then, every year countries around the world have observed this day to thank blood donors for their noble acts and to create awareness to promote voluntary, safe, and non-remunerated blood donations to ensure sufficient safe blood supplies.

In the South-East Asia (SEA) Region, around 19.4 million units of blood are collected, which constitutes around 0.94% of the region’s population donating blood. Ideally, any country’s requirement for safe blood can be met easily if 1 to 3 percent of the total population donates regularly. Of the eleven member states, only three have achieved 100% voluntary non remunerated donations (VNRDs) while the rest of the member states are striving to achieve 100% VNRDs (average of 82% VNRDs in SEA Region). 100% of donated blood is tested for transfusion-transmitted diseases.

Blood component separation maximizes the utility of  whole blood unit. Presently, more than half of SEA Region member states segregate red blood cells and platelets from whole blood. A great volume of plasma is discarded due to the absence of uniformly good-quality plasma and the lack of plasma fractionation facilities. In SEAR, only a few countries produce plasma-derived medicinal products (PDMPs). The rest of the countries import PDMPs. WHO is supporting member states in establishing the capacity for plasma fractionation and stopping the wastage of plasma. To support this initiative, WHO has published “Guidance on Increasing Supply of PDMPs in LMICs Through Fractionation of Domestic Plasma”.

The slogan for 2023 World Blood Donor Day campaign is “Give blood, give plasma, share life, share often.” It highlights the importance of giving blood or plasma regularly to create a safe and sustainable supply of blood and blood products that can be always available, all over the world, so that all patients in need can receive timely life saving treatment. The criteria for donor selection varies from country to country, but blood can be donated by most people who are healthy and do not have an infection that can be transmitted through their blood. Blood donation does not cause weakness. As per published literature, Blood volume( plasma) is replenished within 24-48 hrs. Red blood cells are replenished in 3-4 weeks in healthy adults after donation.

Promotion of voluntary donation is sought to ensure supply of quality & safe blood, while promoting community solidarity. To encourage regular VNRD, it is essential for policymakers to adequately fund public outreach initiatives for blood services to reach new donors for recruitment and encourage regular donations. It will be desirable to organize blood donation camps in Universities. In addition, national blood policy must focus on donor health and the quality of donor care as critical factors in building donor commitment and a willingness to donate regularly.

A potent message for society and community leaders: blood donation is a life-saving act of solidarity that every healthy adult individual in line with national  donor recruitment criteria can  perform. Promoting donation of  blood as a civic duty is a good approach for health leaders to promote community buy-in for extensive voluntary blood donation and the required grassroots engagement. It is unacceptable for any community to lack access to secure blood products and services, regardless of location.

This year’s slogan also passes on a message to health care workers to use this very precious resource rationally. By separating blood into its numerous components (e.g., plasma, red blood cells, platelets, etc.), a single unit of blood can benefit multiple patients, and each patient receives only that blood component that they need.

World Blood Donor Day is commemorated to thank the altruistic acts of selflessness of voluntary blood donors and  celebrate life and humanity. This also sets an example for potential new donors.

In this philanthropic act, every stakeholder at the sub-national, national, regional, and global levels must come together to invest in, strengthen, and sustain national blood programmes and ensure the availability of safe blood and blood products to all who need it.

World Blood Donor Day

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Health Sector Budget
Health Financing and EconomicsHealth SystemsNational Plan, Policy & GuidelinesProvincial Plan, Policies and GuidelinesPublic HealthPublic Health Programs

Health Sector Budget for Fiscal Year 2023/24 (Red book)

by Public Health Update
written by Public Health Update

The Government of Nepal has released a Red Book with a detailed budget for the fiscal year 2080–81 (2023–24). Here is the program-wise distribution of the allocated budget for the health sector.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) wise distribution of budget (%)

SDGs%
GOAL 1: No Poverty7.56
GOAL 2: Zero Hunger4.29
GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being4.95
GOAL 4: Quality Education11.37
GOAL 5: Gender Equality0.06
GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation1.4
GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy3.35
GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth3.08
GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure9.59
GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality6.45
GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities6.5
GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production–
GOAL 13: Climate Action0.66
GOAL 14: Life Below Water–
GOAL 15: Life on Land0.67
GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions8.23
GOAL 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal0.52
Other: Uncategorized31.32
Total100
SDGs
Picture11
Infographic: Budget in Health: Percentage of total budget (year wise)

Picture10
Infographic: Health Budget: Percentage of total budget FY 2080/81

Budget in Health Sector for FY 2080/81 (In Lakh)

3 levels
Infographic: Budget allocated in health by Federal Government (In Lakh)

Federal Level Health Budget (Government authority/program wise)

S. NoOrganization/ programmeAllocated budget for Fiscal year (FY) 2080/81
Budget (in Lakh)SourceBudget (in Lakh)
Government of NepalAssistance
 Ministry of Health and Population- MoHP (Total)498054351825146229498054
1MoHP1887230381583418872
2Pashupati Homoeopathic Hospital2252250225
3Kanti Children’s Hospital2847284702847
4Nepal Eye Hospital3523520352
5BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital6066060606
6Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center1470147001470
7Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre4505450504505
8TUTH (Including Suresh Wagle Memorial Cancer Center)1512151201512
9Health Tax Fund4000400004000
10Central Ayurveda Hospital, Naradevi8798790879
11SinghaDurbar Vaidyakhana1621620162
12B.P. Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies6006000600
13Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh4.644.64 4.64
14Health Sector Strengthening Program8746486422104287464
15Human Organ Transplant Centre2875287502875
16Integrated Health Infrastructure Program74764288004596474764
17COVID-19 Prevention and Control5329123665092553291
18Department of Health Services (DoHS)89393571793221489393
18.1National Tuberculosis Control Centre (NTC) (Tuberculosis Control)115257731379411525
18.2National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC) (AIDS and STI Control)5218361816005218
18.3Family Welfare Division (Family Welfare Program)35229129392229035229
18.4Epidemiology and Diseases Control Division (EDCD) Epidemiology Control Program2982169112912982
18.5Management Division (Health Management Program)223465115832234
18.6National Health Education, Information and Communication Centre (NHEICC)12376965411237
18.7National Health Training Centre (NHTC)678312366678
18.8Vector Borne Disease Research and Training Center (VBDRTC)0000
18.9National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL)2127021272127
18.1Curative Service Division298114184298
18.11Nursing and Social Security Division257052514056525705
      
19Department of Drug Administration (DDA)13831284991383
20Department of Ayurveda and Alternative Medicine (DoAA)4454450445
21Health Insurance Board7500075000075000
22Nepal Health Research Council9209200920
23Central Hospitals and Academy4472744727044727
23.1National Academy for Medical Sciences(NAMS) (Bir Hospital)7301730107301
23.2B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences1477147701477
23.3Karnali Academy of Health Sciences (KAHS)2847284702847
23.4Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS)1814181401814
23.5Rapti Academy of Health Sciences (RAHS)4684468404684
23.6Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences4023402304023
Health Sector Budget (Federal) for Fiscal Year 2023/24 (Red book)– Raw Data

Download Red Book (PDF File)

MOF (2023)
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Scale-up routine immunization along with COVID-19 vaccination: WHO
Global Health NewsPublic Health NewsPublic Health UpdateVaccine Preventable Diseases

Focus on unvaccinated children, strengthen routine immunization capacities: WHO

by Public Health Update
written by Public Health Update

New Delhi | June 12, 2023: The World Health Organization today called for focused efforts to provide lifesaving childhood vaccines to the nearly 4.6 million children reported as unvaccinated or zero dose in 2021, as countries intensify efforts to equal or surpass pre-COVID-19 pandemic vaccination coverage levels.

“The number of unvaccinated children more than doubled from 2 million in 2019 to 4.6 million in the Region by 2021 despite efforts by countries to maintain or restore routine childhood immunization. We need to urgently address gaps and challenges aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic,” said Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh, Regional Director WHO South-East Asia.

The Regional Director was addressing representatives of ministries of health, national immunization advisory groups and partner agencies participating in a four-day regional workshop to strengthen routine immunization capacities post COVID-19 pandemic.

“We need to accurately identify high-risk areas with high numbers of zero-dose children, and rapidly improve access and uptake of routine immunization,” Dr Khetrapal Singh said.

The catch-up immunization activities and special campaigns being rolled out by countries must be reviewed and measures like increasing age limit of target populations adopted, where needed, for filling the immunity gaps.

The behavioral and social drivers of immunization should be identified to guide focused interventions and strategies to engage communities to accelerate demand for vaccination, she said.

The Regional Director emphasized on periodic mapping of at-risk populations and for developing actionable plans to address gaps in immunization.

Noting that routine immunization coverage in the Region has been highly variable, the Regional Director said while several countries have maintained high childhood vaccination coverage even during the COVID-19 pandemic and are now accelerating progress, some others where coverage declined in 2020 but stabilized in 2021 and 2022 can now reach pre-pandemic levels. However, there are also countries where coverage continues to be sub-optimal.

The Regional Director commended Timor-Leste for introducing pneumococcal vaccine in catch-up campaigns, and Nepal for becoming the fourth country globally in 2022 to introduce typhoid conjugate vaccine.

Dr Khetrapal Singh complimented Bangladesh for restoring immunization services to pre-COVID-19 levels by June 2020; India for launching the intensified vaccination drive – Mission Indradhanush; and Indonesia for completing the readiness requirements for use of the novel oral polio vaccine type 2 within a record time of two weeks from the notification of type 2 circulating vaccine-derived polio outbreak in November 2022.

Bhutan, DPR Korea, Maldives, Sri Lanka and Timor-Leste maintained their measles elimination status throughout the COVID-19 response while Sri Lanka and Maldives were certified for eliminating rubella in 2020.

The WHO South-East Asia Region continues to be free of wild poliovirus and sustains its maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination status.

With persistent effort over the years, routine immunization coverage in the Region had crossed 90% in 2019. The number of zero dose children declined from over 5 million in 2010 to 2 million in 2019. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic the coverage of DPT3 (third dose of vaccine to protect against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus), which is the standard indicator to measure vaccination coverage, declined from 91% in 2019 to 85% in 2020 and fell further to 82% in 2021, sharply increasing the number of unvaccinated and under vaccinated children in a Region which has the biggest birth cohort.

In addition to identifying challenges and bottlenecks, the workshop aims at identifying gaps in capacities to enable countries design training plans for health workers to further intensify routine immunization, to advocate sustainable support and coordinate across health and other relevant sectors for service delivery within the primary health care.

New Delhi | June 12, 2023

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Nepal Health Sector Strategic Plan 2023-2030
Health SystemsNational Plan, Policy & GuidelinesPublic HealthPublic Health UpdateResearch & Publication

Nepal Health Sector Strategic Plan 2023-2030

by Public Health Update
written by Public Health Update

The Government of Nepal has endorsed the Nepal Health Sector Strategic Plan 2023-2030 (2079/80–2087/88). Here is the official version of the approved document.

Vision, Mission and Goal of Nepal Health Sector Strategic Plan 2023-2030

Vision: Healthy, productive, responsible and happy citizens

Mission: Ensure fundamental health rights of the citizens

Goal: Improved health status of every citizen

Guiding principles

This strategic plan adopts following guiding principles aligning with the National Health Policy 2019:

  • Universal access and social protection in health
  • Aligned and coordinated health systems
  • Multi-sectoral collaboration and health in all policies
  • Targeted approach to reach marginalised and vulnerable population
  • Public investments and governance
  • Professionalism and ethical practice
Strategic objectives, outcomes, outputs and interventions

This strategic plan has adopted five strategic objectives, fourteen outcomes, and 29 outputs to be achieved during the period of 2022-2030.

  1. Strategic objective 1. Enhance efficiency and responsiveness of health system
  2. Strategic objective 2. Address wider determinants of health
  3. Strategic objective 3. Promote sustainable financing and social protection in health
  4. Strategic objective 4. Promote equitable access to quality health services
  5. Strategic objective 5. Manage population and migration
Outcomes
  1. OC 1.1. Skill-mixed human resources for health produced and mobilized
  2. OC 1.2. Evidence- and equity-based planning
  3. OC 1.3. Safe and people friendly health infrastructures
  4. OC1.4. Ensured uninterrupted availability of quality medicine and supplies
  5. OC1.5. Improved governance, leadership, and accountability
  6. OC1.6. Public health emergencies managed effectively
  7. OC2.1. Reduced adverse effects of wider determinants on health
  8. OC2.2. Citizens responsible for their own, family and community health
  9. OC3.1. Improved public investment in health sector
  10. OC3.2. Improved social protection in health
  11. OC4.1. Improved quality of health services
  12. OC4.2. Reduced inequity in health services
  13. OC5.1. Maximized demographic dividend and managed demographic transitions
  14. OC5.2. Systematic migration and planned settlement practiced

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Effects of age on non-communicable disease risk factors among Nepalese adults
AbstractsNon- Communicable Diseases (NCDs)Research & PublicationResearch Articles

Effects of age on non-communicable disease risk factors among Nepalese adults

by Public Health Update
written by Public Health Update

The research paper, published in the PLOS ONE journal, suggests that early identification and management of biological risk factors in younger age groups are essential to prevent their progression into non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

Findings Highlight

  • The prevalence of selected behavioral risk factors for NCDs, notably smoking, alcohol consumption and insufficient physical activity, and some biological risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia) increases with age.
  • The prevalence of most behavioral risk factors was highest among men and women aged 60 years and above.
  • The prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia was highest among the elderly, but the prevalence of diabetes and overweight/obesity was highest among the middle aged for both sexes.
  • Age interactions in the association between behaviors and biological risk factors were surprisingly weak.
  • Age interactions were significant in the association between alcohol consumption and -hypertension, -overweight/obesity and -hyperlipidemia among women.
  • The prevalence of NCD risk factors tends to be higher among elders, the interaction between age and risk factors is complex.
  • Most NCD risk factors are related to behaviors, which originate in young adulthood.

Read More:
Sapkota BP, Baral KP, Rehfuess EA, Parhofer KG, Berger U (2023) Effects of age on non-communicable disease risk factors among Nepalese adults. PLoS ONE 18(6): e0281028. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281028

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BRAC JPGSPH TDR Postgraduate Scholarship in Implementation Research
Grants and Funding OpportunitiesInternational Jobs & OpportunitiesMaster's DegreePublic Health OpportunitiesPublic Health Opportunity

BRAC JPGSPH TDR Postgraduate Scholarship in Implementation Research

by Public Health Update
written by Public Health Update

The BRAC James P. Grant School of Public Health (BRAC JPGSPH) at BRAC University in Dhaka, Bangladesh, is pleased to announce a Call for Applications for the award of TDR Postgraduate Training Scholarships for the one-year Master of Public Health (MPH) 2024–2025 Programme, beginning in January 2024. The International MPH Programme is a 12-month full-time programme which is taught in English with a focus on promoting problem-based experiential learning. To access the prospectus for the current 2023-2024 academic year: click here.

Nationals who are also residents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) of WHO South-East Asia or WHO Eastern Mediterranean regions are eligible to apply. Individuals with an interest in a scientific career and health professionals with an interest in analytical approaches to programme implementation are welcome to apply!

The training will focus on modules relevant to skills needed to independently lead and undertake implementation research, which is a growing field that supports the identification of health system bottlenecks and approaches to address them. It is particularly useful in LMICs, where many health interventions do not reach those who could be benefitting from them. The goal of this scheme is to enhance graduate training capacity and boost the number and quality of researchers in LMICs. 

Funding for these scholarships is from the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), based at the World Health Organization in Geneva, as part of the TDR Postgraduate Training Scheme. 

Scholarship recipients will be enrolled as postgraduate students and conduct their Thesis/Summative Learning Project (SLP) on implementation research on infectious diseases of poverty, which includes Neglected Tropical Diseases, TB/HIV, Malaria, other vector-borne diseases, emergency preparedness and including also perspectives of One Health, climate change, and an intersectional gender lens.
Recipients will be enrolled as postgraduate students, and their careers will be tracked through the TDR postgraduate alumni platform, IR Connect, which monitors the impact of the programme and provides networking and opportunities to increase visibility for students and alumni. The programme provides on-campus teaching. However, depending on regulations related to any future pandemic, the course may be adjusted, for example with entirely online delivery.

THE SCHOLARSHIP PACKAGE

  • One return economy airfare between the home country of the student and Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • Tuition and academic fees
  • Basic medical and accident insurance
  • Monthly stipend to cover living expenses, including accommodation equivalent to local cost of living.
  • Support for Thesis/Summative Learning Project expenses during data collection.

ELIGIBILITY FOR THE SCHOLARSHIP
Candidates must be eligible for both the MPH Programme and TDR Scholarship. Applicants must meet BRAC University post-graduation admission criteria.

Applicants should:

Meet standard minimum university requirements for international postgraduate students at https://www.bracu.ac.bd/admissions/postgraduate or https://bracjpgsph.org/mph-admission

  • Minimum GPA of 2.5 out of 4.0 for Bachelor’s Degree
  • Minimum GPA of 2.5 in O-Levels/SSC/Equivalent in five subjects and A Levels/HSC/Equivalent in two subjects or equivalent as per BRAC University scale (A=5, B=4, C=3, D=2 & E=1)
  • Proficiency in oral and written English and basic Mathematics
  • Basic Computer skills including Microsoft Office and Data Analysis Software.

Have a 4-years Bachelor’s degree or 3-years Bachelor Degree and 1-year Master/Postgraduate Diploma Degree in Health Sciences (Medicine, Nursing, Midwifery, including Allied Health Sciences)/Life Sciences/Social Sciences (Anthropology, Public Health, Food and Nutrition, Sociology, Psychology or any other Social Sciences Discipline);

  • Be a national of and resident in a low- and middle-income country (as defined by the World Bank) of either the WHO South-East Asia or Eastern Mediterranean region;
  • Be under 37 years of age at the time of application for the Master’s programme;
  • Be interested in developing a career in implementation research on infectious diseases of poverty, including neglected tropical diseases; and
  • Submit a statement of purpose on the reason for pursuing a career in infectious diseases of poverty
  • Preference will be given to applicants currently working with health programmes in their respective countries;
  • Provide a letter of support from the Director/Manager of the applicant’s home institution testifying the applicant’s ability to successfully undertake the Master’s programme and certifying that the applicant, if selected, will be granted a leave of absence. The Director/Manager must also indicate how the Master’s programme will strengthen the institution’s capability to conduct implementation research upon the return of the applicant. Applicants will be required to provide the letter of support if they are shortlisted for entrance exams and aptitude tests.

APPLYING FOR THE TDR POSTGRADUATE SCHOLARSHIP SCHEME AT BRAC UNIVERSITY
To apply, you must complete the following two steps:
Step 1. Complete the TDR postgraduate scholarship application form and email it to: jpgsphmph@bracu.ac.bd with a copy to humayra.anwar@bracu.ac.bd and tahsin.hossain@bracu.ac.bd
Step 2. Apply for the Master’s Programme. Call for Applications for the MPH 2024-2025 academic year will open in mid-May 2023.

Students must submit their online application for the MPH Programme at BRAC JPGSPH at https://admissions.bracu.ac.bd/academia/authentication/login or https://admissions.bracu.ac.bd/academia/admissionProcess/listAvailablePublishedCircularForAdmission (Only completed forms will be further processed).

APPLICATION DEADLINE: The deadline for receipt of applications is 30 July 2023.

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