Overview
Each year the annual estimates of key indicators among people living with HIV in Nepal are finalized by using AIDS Epidemic Model and Spectrum/AIM. Various survey and research data (key population size, Nepal Demographic Health Survey, trends of prevalence and behavioral data from integrated biological and behavioral surveillance surveys, behavioral information on condom use, sexual behavior, injecting practice, number of clients etc.) and program data like people on ART and PMTCT data are used as input in the analytical tools to prepare annual estimates of the status of the HIV epidemic in Nepal. The HIV epidemic in Nepal remains largely concentrated among key populations (people who inject drugs, sex workers and their clients, men who have sex with men and transgender people, male labour migrants and their wives and prison inmates).
- First HIV case was detected in 1988 in Nepal.
- Heterosexual transmission is dominant (72%).
HIV and AIDS Estimates in Nepal
| S. No | Population | Number (min-max) |
| 1 | Adults and children living with HIV | 30,000 (26000-32000) |
| 2 | Adults aged 15 and over living with HIV | 29000 (26000-32000) |
| 3 | Women aged 15 and over living with HIV | 13000 (12000-14000) |
| 4 | Men aged 15 and over living with HIV | 16000 (14000-17000) |
| 5 | Children aged 0 to 14 living with HIV | 1200 (1100-1400) |
| 6 | Mothers needing elimination of vertical transmission services | 200 (160-240) |
Key Indicators
| S. No. | Key indicators | Data as per 2021 |
| 1 | HIV Incidence per 1000 | 0.02% |
| 2 | Percentage of women 15-49 living with HIV (of estimated adult PLHIV) | 53% |
| 3 | New infant HIV infections | 33 |
| 4 | Total new infections among 0-14 years | 45 |
| 5 | AIDS mortality per 100 thousand | 2.13 |
| 6 | People have become infected with HIV since the start of the epidemic in 1988 | 61800 |
| 7 | People have died from AIDS-related illnesses since the start of the epidemic in 1988 | 26970 |
Recommended readings
- National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC)
- National HIV Strategic Plan 2021-2026, Nepal
- HIV Epidemic Update of Nepal (Fact sheet 2020)
- Key facts on HIV: Country Snapshot 2019: Nepal
- WHO recommends long-acting cabotegravir for HIV prevention
- Interim Guidance for Continuing HIV Program Service Delivery During COVID-19 Pandemic
- HIV Standard Service Package (SSP) For Key Populations
- Standard Treatment Protocol (STP) For Basic Health Services (BHS) Package 2078
- HIV Epidemic Update of Nepal (Fact sheet 2020)
- Sri Lanka has eliminated mother to child transmission of HIV and syphilis
- Key facts on HIV: Country Snapshot 2019: Nepal
- Maldives eliminates mother-to-child transmission of HIV, Syphilis
- Malaysia eliminates mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis
- International Condom Day 2022: ‘Condoms are always in fashion’
- Nepal Health Facility Survey 2021 Preliminary Data Tables
- Progress of the Health and Population Sector, 2020/21 (NJAR Report)
- Tuberculosis Free Nepal Declaration Initiative Implementation Guideline
- Consolidated guidelines on HIV, viral hepatitis and STI prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations
- WHO recommends long-acting cabotegravir for HIV prevention
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