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Syllabus for Licensing Examination of Master of Public Health (MPH) 2021

by Public Health Update June 24, 2021

The Nepal health professional council (NHPC) has published a Syllabus for Licensing Examination of Master of Public Health (MPH) 2021.

Subjects/areas/domains

A. Public Health and primary health care, Global/ international health issues
1. Public Health: Concepts of Public Health, Public Health Education and its Historical development,Principles of public health,scope and subject matter of public health, Ethical dilemma in Public Health and factors influencing public health practice, Health disparities and public health, Methods/approaches of public health, Interdisciplinary approach in public health, public health issues of global, regional and National concerns,Equity and health, concepts in health including holistic health, wellbeing and health rights; Critical appraisal of public health profession; Public Health law/ethics; Entrepreneurship in public health.

2. Primary Health Care: Primary health care to sustainable development Goals, Revitalization of PHC in Nepal, Health Care Reform Concepts and strategies.

3. Global/ international health issues: Concept, background, scope and methods of international health and Global Health, Globalization and Health:Key players of globalization, Major global events : Geneva Convention, ICPD, Bamako Initiative, FCTC, Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and International Health Partnership (IHP); External development partners and their contributions in Nepal;People’s Health Movement.

B.Biostatistics

1. Biostatistics: Introduction, data tabulation and presentation; Descriptive statistics, Probability distribution, Sampling theory, Sampling distribution and estimation; : Estimation of population parameters and sample statistics; Hypothesis testing: parametric test and non-parametric tests, Correlation and regression analysis, data management methods; Statistical and mathematical models.

C. Epidemiology (including Epidemiology of health problems)

1. Basic and advanced concepts in epidemiology: Epidemiological concepts and evolutions,
different fields of epidemiology(field, nutritional, social,reproductive, environmental epidemiology), measurement of morbidity, mortality , disability and association; Epidemiological study designs, Association and causation, Errors and bias in epidemiological studies, application of epidemiology in public health: screening, surveillance, Outbreak investigation; Epidemiology, health policy and planning.

2. Epidemiology of disease and non-disease health problems
Epidemiology of communicable diseases: Bacterial, viral, Protozoal, Fungal infections, Non Communicable diseases: and non diseased Health problems: RTA, Drug Abuse, Maternal and newborn health epidemiology, Control and prevention of epidemics.

D. Social and Behavioral sciences: Health education, health promotion and education, communication, sociology, anthropology, social psychology, behavioral economics

Health Education and communication: Concept of behavioral sciences in the context of public health, Development of health education practice in Nepal, Learning ,motivation and perception in health education, Change Process,Theories and principles of health behavior, Health Communication, theories and models of Health educations, Health Education Program Planning, Implementation and Evaluation; methods and media in health education, concept and application in health
education methods, strategies of health communication, Training in health education.
Health Promotion and education: Concepts in Health Promotion and education, International discourse in Health Promotion and Education, Approaches to health promotion and education, factors involved in health promotion and education process, theories and models of Health Promotion and Education Health promotion and education in primary health care programmes.
Social Psychology and Behavioral economics: Social Psychology,Critical understanding of public health and social psychology, behavioral economics and its applications.
Sociology and Anthropology: Introduction to sociology and Anthropology,Critical understanding of Public health and cultural anthropology/ sociology, Application of theory of sociology and Anthropology in public health, Culture and health, Theories and models of behavior and behavior change, Research methods of Sociology/ Anthropology.

E. Environmental Health, Occupational health and safety

Environmental health: Environment and health, Water and health, environmental issues of public health concerns Waste management,Excreta disposal and health, Air pollution and its impact, Climate change and health impacts, Food and Environment, Radiation and health,Food safety and hygiene.
Occupational health and safety: Concepts of occupation health and its components, Occupational diseases,Ergonomics and workers compensation, : Occupational safety and health situation in Nepal, consumers protection acts/rules/laws/guideline.

F. Health policy and systems: Health Service Management, Health policy, governance and administration/ management

1. Concepts of management and health system management: Concept, principles and functions of Management and administration;POSDCoRB model of Management, Managerial functions and the levels of Management, management Theories, Decision making and problem solving, team management, time management, conflict management, stress management, Human resource management, Employee discipline, Performance appraisals and reward management, Concept of health systems management, Structure and function of health system, Ethics and Social Responsibilities, project management; Strategic management in health services; Managing Complex and Culturally Diverse Workplaces.

2. Health policy, Governance and management/ Administration: Concepts of Health policy, Public Health Policy, National Health policies, Health system of Nepal, National health care programs, Health sector strategies, Appraisal on health care delivery systems of Nepal, decentralization in health system,Organizational diagnosis and managing Change in an organization, policy options for health system improvement,Geographical information system (GIS) in health services, Health Policy Analysis, Evidence informed Policy and Practices.

3. Quality management in Health services: Concept of Healthcare quality management: Evolution, concepts, principles and dimensions of quality assurance in health services, Core Values and Models, TQM and CQI, mechanism of quality assurance, Quality assurance in health care system in Nepal, Standard guidelines for different types of health services/health institutions, Tools and Techniques of quality management, Quality indicators, Role of professional Councils in public health education, Role of MoHP/ Professional Organizations/individual role in quality management health services, supervision, monitoring and evaluation of health services in Nepal.

G. Health research methods and management
1. Health Research Methods: Theoretical orientation on health research methods, Process of research; Quantitative,Qualitative and mixed Methods in research; research proposal and research report writing; dissemination of research findings; Health Ethics and Law, Evidence Based Public Health and public health Practices, Advances in health system research, Manuscripts writing, plagiarism; concepts of systematic reviews and meta analysis, ethical issues in health research.

H. Demography, Reproductive health and family health issues
1. Demography and Population studies: Introduction to demography and health; Fertility, reproduction, and fertility theories; Mortality, life table and mortality theories; Migration and migration theories; Nuptiality, Urbanization and urbanization theories; Population dynamics,Population policy, Population estimates and projections; Population theory and policy , Human Development indicators.

2. Family Health, Maternal and child health; reproductive health: Introduction to family health, Reproductive Health, Safe motherhood, Family planning, reproductive health problems, Adolescent and youth health, Child health, Gender and health,

3. Elderly Health: Aging and health, Health care of elderly, Public health concern of elderly health.

I. Food and Nutrition
1. Nutrition Science concepts in Nutrition science, classifications of nutrients, Nutritional requirements at different stages of life, food security; nutritional problems
2. Public Health Nutrition: Nutrition policy, strategies and nutritional deficiency diseases, Imbalance.

J. Health financing and economics

Health Economics: Microeconomic Tools for Health Economics:Preference and utilities, Production for health services, concepts of Price and costs, Market Mechanisms, Health as Human Capital, Application of Macroeconomics in health service delivery,Economic Evaluation Techniques, Econometric Tools in Health Economics, Health care
financing
Financial Management: Concepts, Capital Acquisitions and Budgeting, Financing Health System and models, National Health Account and Budgeting, Budget making process in Nepal.

K. Health information management and health informatics
1. Health information management and health informatics: Management information system in Health system, Computer Applications, E-health, application softwares

L. Disasters and Emergency health Issues
1. Disasters and Emergency health issues: Disaster management, emergency and humanitarian actions, National policies, plans and programs related to disaster management in Nepal, Crisis management.

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June 24, 2021 0 comments

Syllabus Courses Research & Publication

Syllabus for Licensing Examination of Certificate in Medical Laboratory Technology 2021

by Public Health Update June 24, 2021

written by Public Health Update

Nepal Health Professional Council has approved a syllabus for Licensing Examination of Certificate in Medical Laboratory Technology 2021.

Nepal Health Professional Council (NHPC)

Overview

Clinical Biochemistry 20%
Clinical Haematology 20%
Clinical Microbiology and Immunology 20%
Histo/Cytopatological Techniques 10%
Anatomy and Physiology 10%
Clinical Parasitology 5%
Instrumentation and Automation 5%
Blood Banking 5%
Pathology 5%
Total 100%

Details

Subject:Clinical Biochemistry
Unit 1
Colorimeters, Water bath, Incubator, Centrifuges, Balances, and pH meter, Paper chromatography, Electrophoresis, Spectrophotometer, Flame photometer, Semiauto and Auto analyser, Dispensers and Auto-pipettes, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Unit 2
Laboratory hazards and precautions. Preparation of Solution and its types. Define acid, base, salt, neutralization, Titration of Acid and bases. Cleaning of glassware. Filters, Monochromometers, Triangle law of light and concept of complimentary colours, Optical density, Bear’s & Lambert’s law. Common anticoagulants, Preservation of Chemical Reagents and preservatives, Changes occurring in the blood after collection, Store blood and take precautions during blood storage,

Unit 3
Definition, classification and metabolism of biomolecules (carbohydrate, protein and lipid). Blood sugar regulation in the body including hormonal regulations, Diabetes mellitus & abnormalities of metabolism of carbohydrates

Unit 4:
Define, classify and enumerate the properties of enzymes, units of enzyme, (IU & common units), enzyme reaction and enzyme substrate reactions and effects of various factors Plasma proteins and identify the plasma protein abnormalities.

Unit 5:
Principle, procedure, precautions, calibration of graph & normal value in the estimation of samples: Sugar, Urea, Amylase, GPT, GOT, Acid phosphatase, Alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus, sodium Potassium, chloride, Creatinine, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, LDL, uric acid, protein, and bilirubin.

Unit 6:
Hormones and tumour markers, Quality Control in biochemistry laboratory.

Subject: Clinical Haematology
Unit 1 Haematopoiesis
The site of blood formation, process of erythropoiesis, leucopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. Physiology and metabolism of the blood cells and its disorders

Unit 2: Red Cell Disorders
Erythrocytic disorder, Haemoglobin, its structure and function, List normal and abnormal haemoglobins, Haemoglobinopathies and thalassemia, polycythaemia. Define and classify anaemia,

Unit 3: White Blood Cell Disorders
Morphological and functional disorders of white blood cells. Leucocytes disorders and leukaemia

Unite 4: Coagulation mechanisms
Process of Coagulation, Coagulation factor and arrest the bleeding. Bleeding time, coagulation time, prothrombin time, activated partial thrombin time , the thrombocytic disorders and bleeding disorder

Unit 5: Haematological Techniques
Haematological instruments, Flow cytometry, Fluorescent and Electron microscopy glassware and chemicals.
Anticoagulant; describe various anticoagulants and state their mechanism of action. Blood sample collection, Defebrination technique. Different stain, Blood smear. Heamatological tests: Total blood cell count, Differential leukocyte count, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, haemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), Blood indices (MCV, MCH, and MCHC), Reticulocyte count and their significance Stain of Bone marrow smears, Errors and precaution on haematological work Quality control measures.

Subject: Microbiology and Immunology
Unit 1 Clinical Bacteriology
Cell structure, morphological classification of bacteria.
Explain bacterial growth requirements.
Describe the principles of various staining techniques and normal bacterial flora of human body.
Bacterial culture techniques, culture media, controlling microbial growth, sterilization,
disinfection and antisepsis.
Various methods for the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria
Various quality control methods, safety precautions and disposal of contaminated materials in bacteriology laboratory.
Classification, culture characteristic, morphology, identification and antibiotics/
sensitivity of the following common bacteria from clinical samples.

Syllabus for Licensing Examination of PCL in Ophthalmic Science

Unit 2 Clinical Mycology
Morphological Classification of medically important fungi.
Describe briefly superficial/cutaneous, systemic mycosis and aetiological agents.
Describe the collection techniques of various clinical samples for the diagnosis of fungal
infection (skin/nail/hair sample, corneal scraping, sputum and biopsy materials).
Describe fungal culture media (SDA, RSA, DTM)

Unit 3 Clinical Virology
Multiplication process of viruses
Common and emerging viral diseases.
Basic laboratory procedure used in the diagnosis of viral diseases.
Clean and sterilize glassware used in virology laboratory.
Perform Giemsa staining for viral inclusion bodies.
Prepare samples for virus culture/investigation.
Demonstration of ELISA and Western blot for the diagnosis of HIV infection.
Prepare media for transporting virus culture and its storage.

Unit 4 Immunology (27 Hours)
Immunity, antigen/ hapten, antibody.
Innate and acquired defence mechanism.
Classification of antigen antibody reactions
Describe vaccine. List out the common vaccine against vaccine preventable diseases in Nepal.
Perform intradermal skin test (Mantoux Test), VDRL, ASO titre, RA factor, CRP, Widal and
Brucella agglutination Test

Subject: Histopathology and Cytology Techniques
Unit 1 Histopathology
Fixatives and preservatives
Prepare simple and compound fixatives (10% formalin, 10% normal saline and Zenker’s fluid).
Define principle of basic histological stain: Hematoxylin and Eosin, PAS, Alcian Blue, ZiehlNeelsen and Congo Red stains. Histokinette and its principle.
Principle of processing of histopathological tissues (fixation, dehydration, clearing, embedding, trimming and labelling).
Types of microtomes including cryostat, and cut the sections of desired thickness.
Types of microtome knives and sharpening procedures.
Decalcification of bone and different types of decalcifying agents.
Mounting media (DPX, glycerine).
Maintain record and prepare the charts of investigation.

Unit 2 Cytological Procedures
Collect various types of cytological specimens (sputum, urine, effusion fluids, and tissue fluids)
Principle and techniques of sample processing: Uniform smear, thick and thin smear, fishfail smear.
Smear preparation of cytological specimens (sputum, urine, effusion fluids, and various body fluids). FNAC, Stain: Papanicolaou stain. Giemsa stain Aceto-orcein stain.
Sex chromatin detection and semen analysis.
Subject: Anatomy and physiology
Important anatomical terminologies
The composition and function of blood
The structure and functions of alimentary canal, digestive system, circulatory system,
endocrine system, urinary system & respiratory system
Subject: Clinical Parasitology

Unit 1: Protozoa
Pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of:
Entamoeba histolytica and E. coli, E. hartmanni, Endolimax nana Iodamoeba buetschlii, Giardia lamblia, Trichcmonas vaginalis and T. hominis, Leishmania: (L. donovari, L. tropica, L. mexicana and L. braziliensis) Plasmodium: (P. vivax, P. ovale, P. falciparum, P. malariae), Toxoplasma gondii. Cryptosporidium parvum, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Isospora belli, Balantidium coli

Unit 2: Helminths
Nematodes
Pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of:
Hookworm: Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale, Ascaris lumbricoidea,
Enterobius vermicularis , Trichuris trichiura , Strongyloides stercoralis, Microfilaria:
Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Loa loa.
Cestodes (Tape worms)
Pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of:
Taenia solium and Taenia saginata, Echinococcus granulosus and Hymenolepis nana.
Trematodes (Flukes, intestinal, hepatic, pulmonary and blood)
Pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of:
Fasciola hepatica, Faciolopsis buski, Paragonimus westermani , Schistosoma haematobium, S. mansoni, and S. japanicum

Unit 4: Laboratory techniques
Procedure for clinical specimens collection for parasitic investigations (stool, urine, blood, sputum, exdudates, swabs and aspirates).
Preparation of reagents required for routine diagnostic purposes (, iodine solution, brine solution, 33% zinc sulphate solution, normal saline solution, Stooll’s reagent, Giemsa and
Leishman’s stain and benzidine solution).Various laboratory technique:
a) Feacel (stool) examination: physical, chemical-reducing substances and occult blood, and microscopic.
b) Blood examination by wet and stained smears preparation for blood parasites.
c) Urine, sputum examination for urinary and respiratory tract parasites.
d) Various concentration methods (floatation and sedimentation) to detect the blood and intestinal parasites.

Unit 5: Explain the collection, preservation and transportation of urine.
Method of examination of urine samples: physical, chemical and microscopic.
Urine albumin, sugar, bile salt, urobilinogen, porphobilinogen, chyle and Benze-John’s protein.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); constituents, normal reference values, method of sample collection and examination (CSF protein, sugar cells and microorganisms.
Body fluids: transudets and exudets, normal reference value, method of sample collection and examination (body fluid protein, sugar and cells and microorganisms.

Subject: Instrumentation and Automation
Unit: 1
Describe types of automatic analyzers:
a) Continuous flow systems
b) Discrete analyzers
c) Centrifugal analyzers
d) Thin film analyzers
e) Automated electrolyte analyzers

Unit: 2
Describe: the use of blood cell analyzers, use ELISA reader and washer, blood gas and acidbase analytical systems.
Explain the main features of automated blood gas analysers. Laboratory computer aids, photometric system used in peripheral laboratory, essential features of centrifugal analysers, maintenance of laboratory instruments, laboratory management with reference to placing of instruments and bio-safety zones

Subject: Blood Bank
Describe the scope, importance and principle of blood banking.
Describe blood grouping system and various blood groups.
Explain blood donors and preparation of blood donors.
State the principle and procedures of the proper storage of blood.
Describe the various method for compatible blood for recipient and understand the risk of incompatible blood, Identify antiserum, blood bags and transfusion sets of delivery of safe blood for transfusion
Describe principal, procedure and precaution on
a) ABO and Rh. blood grouping
b) Cross-matching
c) Direct and indirect Coomb’s tests.
d) Anti-d antibody titration.
e) Screening of blood bags
Describe transfusion reaction and counter check blood transfusion reaction
Describe the erythroblastosis foetalis.

Subject: Basic Pathology
Unit 1: Introduction to General Pathology
Understanding of Pathology, Field of pathology, Importance of Pathology, Scope and method, Application of in Laboratory investigation in Pathology diagnosis

Unit 2: Basics of cell injury
Introduction , Types and its causes , Common terminology used in cell injury, Clinical diagnosis and laboratory interpretation

Unit 3: Infection and inflammation
Causative organisms and its types in infection and inflammation.
Terminology used in Benign clinical interpretation (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Necrosis, Apoptosis, Hypoxia, Ischemia, Oedema, exudates and transudates etc. Laboratory investigation and interpretation Immunological investigation

Unit 4: Neoplasia
Introduction , Benign and malignant tumours , Terminology used in Malignant clinical interpretation (carcinoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, dysgerminoma, etc) Laboratory investigation and interpretation Application of Immunological investigations , Essential Histo and cytochemical investigations , Introduction of tumour marker.

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Syllabus for Licensing Examination of Certificate Level in General Medicine 2021

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Syllabus for Licensing Examination of PCL in Ophthalmic Science

by Public Health Update June 24, 2021

written by Public Health Update

NHPC Syllabus for Licensing Examination of PCL in Ophthalmic Science.

Nepal Health Professional Council (NHPC)

Overview

Basic of preparatory/general sciences (Physics biochemistry, zoology, Botany)- 5%
General Anatomy and Physiology (organ system)- 10 %
Ocular Anatomy and Physiology – 10%
Ocular Pharmacology – 10%
Ocular Pathology – 10%
Systemic Disease and Eye – 5%
Binocular Single Vision and its abnormalities – 5%
Optics and Refraction- 5%
Investigative Ophthalmology – 5%
Ophthalmic Nursing Care and Operation Theatre Management – 10%
Ocular Surgery Assisting – 10%
Community Ophthalmology- 10%
Code of Ethics – 5%
Total 100%

Details

Basic of preparatory/general sciences (Physics biochemistry, zoology, Botany)
This includes essential knowledge
Laws of reflection and refraction, Refractive index
Types of chemical bond.
Characteristics of acids, bases and salts.
Antacids and antabases and their medical uses
Structure (Linear Cyclic) of glucose,
Functions of Carbohydrates
Introduction of lipid, fat and oil and their natural sources.
types of tissues
muscular tissue and its types, striated, smooth and
cardiac muscles of animals.
Nervous tissue and its types.
Morphology of fungal plant
Characteristics of a virus
General Anatomy and Physiology (Systems of the Body)
This includes general concepts of anatomy and physiology of human body:
Anatomical terms,
Accessory organs and glands of the skin.
Structures and functions of the heart, Components and function of the blood.
Terms related to the skeletal system : axial ,appendicular ,articular cartilage
,diaphysis, epiphysis fontanel , hematopoiesis , periosteum
Classifications of joints,
structure and Divisions of the central nervous system:Classifications of neurons and
neuralgia
self-healing nature of body cells and tissues.
Physiological terms: Cardiovascular, Digestion ,Excretion ,Organ ,Peritoneal
,Pericardial ,Thoracic Visceral ,Homeostasis
Factors affecting growth and repair. Coagulation factors.
Cranial nerves and their function
Measurement of pulse and blood pressure
Ocular Anatomy and Physiology
This includes general concepts of basic knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the eye. This includes :
Embryology of the eye
Anatomy along with blood and nerve supply of eye lids and adnexa, conjunctiva,
cornea, sclera, uveal tract, lens, vitreous humor, retina, angle structure
Physiology of the cornea, aqueous humour, metabolism of cornea, lens and vitreous
Anatomy of orbit and its walls
Anatomy of extraocular muscles
Anatomy and functions of cranial nerves related to eye
Anatomy of lacrimal drainage systems
Formation and drainage of aqueous humour
Anatomy and physiology of visual pathway
Anatomy of pupillary pathway and pupillary reflex
Ocular Pharmacology
This includes concepts on pharmacology with special reference to eye. Selection of appropriate drugs for specific disease/conditions, their actions, indications, contraindications and side effects.
This includes
Pharmacological terminologies like half life, plasma concentration of drug,
bioavailability, shelf life, expiry date
Concepts of pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics
Routes of administration of drugs
Mechanism of action, indication, contraindication, side effects precautions of:
Different types of antibiotics, their mechanism of action and spectrum of activity
Drugs used in gastrointestinal systems, respiratory system, cardiovascular system,
Central Nervous System
Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs: Mechanism of action, indication,
contraindication, side effects and precautions
Steroidal drugs
Nutritional Supplements
Antihistamines and allergic
Mydriatics and Cycloplegics
Miotics and Antiglaucoma drugs
Lubricating drugs
Ocular Pathology
This includes different aspects of ocular pathology with special reference to eye. Includes:
Microbiology
Morphology, classification, structure of bacteria, virus, fungus, parasites
Epidemiology, mode of infection, pathogenicity, laboratory diagnosis of common
bacteria, virus, fungus, parasites
Culture media of bacteria, fungus
Different staining techniques, antibiotic susceptibility testing
General composition of blood, types of blood cells with their function
Total Leucocyte count, Differential Leucocyte count with their normal values
Different methods of sterilization and disinfection
Systemic Disease of the eye
This includes ideas of disease in general medicine related to the eyes. This includes
Diabetes Mellitus and its effects on eye
Hypertension and its effects on eye
Thyroid Eye Disease and its effects on eye
Vitamin A deficiency and its effects on eye
Tuberculosis
Leprosy
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Rubella
Toxoplasmosis
HIV/AIDS
Binocular Single Vision and its abnormalities
This includes identification and management of different binocular vision abnormalities. This includes:
Understand the function of EOM
Different types of eye movement
Accommodation: Introduction, anomalies and assessment
Latent and Manifest misalignment of the eyes
Motor and Sensory adaptation to strabismus
Basic Tests in Orthoptics setting
Hirschberg and Krimsky test
Cover test and its types
Test of convergence and accommodative problems
Test for suppression
Test for stereopsis
Test for Prism Fusion range
Amblyopia and its management
Optics and Refraction
This includes basic knowledge of optics and refraction, understanding of the light and its clinical implications, different optical condition of the eye. This includes
Light, its nature and interaction with reflective and refractive medium
Cardinal points
Schematic Eye
Lens design options in minus and plus lens
Meniscus lens, Lenticular lens and Myodisc
Manufacturing of Ophthalmic lenses
Properties of Ophthalmic lens
Lens aberrations
Myopia and its classification based on etiology
Hyperopia and classification based on etiology
Astigmatism and types of astigmatism
Accommodation and its physiology
Presbyopia and its classification
Parts of retinoscope, optical priniciple, reflex characteristics and procedure
Techniques of subjective refraction and its importance
Specifying lens power, prescription writing and power verification
Investigative Ophthalmology
This includes different investigation procedures for specific eye problems and interpretation the findings of the investigations. This includes
Visual acuity (near and distance)
Colour vision and contrast sensitivity assessment
Intraocular pressure
Visual field
Ultrasonography
FFA
Anterior segment and fundus photography
Exophthalmometry
Pachymetry
Keratometry
Gonioscopy
Direct Ophthalmoscopy
Indirect Ophthalmoscopy
Slit lamp bio microscopy
Biometry
Ophthalmic Nursing Care and Operation Theatre Management
This includes basic ophthalmic nursing procedure required to perform during, after and before surgery. This includes
Respiration: definition, types, characteristics, factors affecting temperature, pulse,
respiration and blood pressure
Principles, Techniques and Measurement of temperature, pulse, respiration and
blood pressure
Objective of Operation Theatre
Operation Theatre management and aseptic technique
Trolley preparation in different eye surgery
Scrub and circulation
OT Hazards and risk management
Definition, types of ocular anesthesia, equipment
Management of recovery patient
Pre and post operative management of different types of ocular surgery
Routes of administration of drugs
Ocular Surgery Assisting
This includes knowledge and skills on ocular surgical procedures to assist the ophthalmologist. Includes:
Instruments, step, consumable and medicines in
cataract surgery
glaucoma surgery
nasolacrimal passage surgery
Strabismus surgery
Keratoplasty surgery
Vitro-retinal surgery
Lid surgery
Orbitotomy surgery
Enucleation, evisceration and extentration surgery
Excisional biopsy
Electroepilation
Pterygium excision and conjunctival graft
Preparation of patient, surgical area, step of surgery, possible complication and
management of extra ocular surgeries
Trolley preparation, consumable and post operative management of
Entropion
Chalazion
lid laceration repair
incision and drainage of lid abscess and externum
Community Ophthalmology
This includes planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the eye health and interventions in defined population. Developing tools to assess the magnitude of eye problem, calculating disease burden and making conversation with current national and global eye health strategies and planning on eye health. This includes
Concept of health given by Alma-Ata declaration/WHO
Primary health care, its definition and elements
Measuring disease burden in community (Magnitude, prevalence, incidence)
Concepts, Importance, Components of community participation
Health/Eye health status indicators
Basic Health profile of Nepal
Prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in Nepal
Calculation of WHO standard of visual outcome
Sustainable Development Goals
WHO action Plan
WHO and IAPB eye health strategies at global and regional level
Code of Ethics

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Syllabus for Licensing Examination of Certificate Level in General Medicine 2021

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June 24, 2021 0 comments

Research & Publication National Plan, Policy & Guidelines Syllabus

Syllabus for Licensing Examination of Certificate Level in General Medicine 2021

by Public Health Update June 24, 2021

written by Public Health Update

The Nepal Health Professional Council (NHPC) has endorsed the Syllabus for Licensing Examination of Certificate Level in General Medicine 2021.

Overview

Anatomy and Physiology – 10%
Community Health: Health education & Health Promotion, Environmental health, PHC and Family Health, Epidemiology and Disease control, Nutrition, Community Diagnosis – Health Management – 25%
General Medicine: Clinical methods, Systemic diseases, Pediatric and Neonatology, Skin Diseases, Veneral diseases, Psychiatry – 25%
Pharmacology and pharmacy: Pharmacology, Pharmacy – 10%
General Surgery: Basic surgery- First aid and emergency care – Obs.& Gyne – Eye,ENT and Oral Health – 25%
Clinical Pathology: Biochemistry, Microbiology, Parasitology, Hematology – 5%
Total 100%

Details

Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction of Anatomy & physiology, structure and function of the Skin and integumentary system, Skeletal system, Muscular system, Nervous system, Somatic and special senses, Endocrine system, Blood, Cardiovascular system, Lymphatic system and immunity, Digestive system, Respiratory system, Urinary system, Male reproductive system, Female reproductive system and Human Growth & Development.

2. Community Health
2.1. Health education and health promotion
Overview of health education, Fundamental Factors of Health Education, Methods of Health Education, Media of Health Education, Planning of Health Education Programmes, Implementation of Health Education Programmes, Evaluation of Health Education Programmes, Health Promotion, Applied Health Education.
2.2. Environmental Health
Water Purification, Waste Management, Food Hygiene, Sanitation of public places, Health Hazards, Sanitary Latrines, Basic Measures in Controlling Rodents, Medical Importance and Measures of Controlling Common Vectors and Insects.
2.3. Primary health care and family Health
Health care of people: Concept of health, determinants of health, indicators of health, Primary Health Care and Health for All, Community participation in PHC, Challenges of PHC in Nepal, Role of Health Post Incharge in PHC, Introduction of family planning, Adolescent Health, Demography, Common Neo-natal Problems,Common Child Health Problems like CDD, ARI, Malaria and Malnutrition.Nutritional Interventions, Immunizations Services. Safe Motherhood. Community Mobilization & Local Governance( Female Community Health volunteers (FCHV) and Mother’s
Groups, Primary Health Care Outreach Clinic, Free Drug Programme (FDP), Mobilization of Local
Health Leaders and Committees, Decentralized Management of Health Services.
2.4. Epidemiology and Disease control
Definition, Scope, Causes of Disease and Infection, Management of Disasters, Management of Epidemics, Causes, Signs, Symptoms, Management, Prevention and Control of Gastroenteritis, Dysentery, Cholera, Typhoid Fever, Giardiasis, Malaria, Filariasis, Encephalitis, Kala-azar, Dengue, Fever, Parasitic Infestation, Scabies, Chicken Pox, Influenza, Mumps, Rabies, Hepatitis, Ring Worm, Leprosy, Tuberculosis, Helmenthiasis, Pertusis, Measles,Diphtheria, HIV and AIDS,
sexually transmitted infection(STI) and COVID.
2.5. Nutrition
Introduction, Proteins, Fats & Carbohydrate, Vitamins, Minerals, Balanced diet, Assessment of nutritional status, Under nutrition, Nutritional problems of public health, Nutrition Factors in Selected Diseases, Nutrition education and food taboos and myths.
2.6. Community diagnosis
Concept of Culture and Health, Introduction to Community Diagnosis, Data collection, Data processing, Community presentation, Micro Health Project.
2.7. Health Management
Community Health Diagnosis & Health Profile, Micro Planning of Health Programme, Supervision, Monitoring and Evaluation of Health Programmes, Health Management Information System (HMIS),Planning and Management of Camps, Cold Chain Management, Health Training Management in different settings, Logistic Management, Organizational Structure and Functions of Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP), Department of Health Service (DoHS), Provincial Health Directorate (PHD),Health Office (HO),Municipality Health section, Primary Health Care Center (PHCC), Health Post (HP) and Basic Health service Centre (BHSC),Nepal Health Professional Council Act, 2053 and Regulation, 2056.

General Medicine
3.1. Clinical methods
History taking & Physical Examination, Principles and procedures for collecting and interpreting clinical data, Procedure of general physical examination and systemic examinations in regard to all systems, Bedside history and clinical examination practice.
3.2. Systemic diseases
Hematological & Cardiovascular Conditions, Respiratory Disorders, Gastrointestinal Disorders, Endocrine System Disorders, Hepatic Disorders, Central Nervous System Disorders,
3.3. Pediatric and Neonatology
Pediatric examination, Neonatal conditions, Neonatal disorders, systemic disorders of children, Infectious diseases-Mumps, diphtheria, whooping cough, rheumatic fever, poliomyelitis, Skin disorders, Helminthes infestations, Nutritional disorders, Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI), Infection Prevention, Neonatology,
3.4. Skin Diseases
Introduction to Dermatology, Bacterial Infections of the skin, Fungal infection of the skin, Viral infection of skin, Parasitic infections of the skin, Allergic conditions of the skin, Acne vulgaris,Psoriasis, Vitiligo, Miliaria,
3.5. Veneral diseases
Gonorrhoea, Chlamydia, Syphilis, chancroid, Venereal warts, genital herpes, Syndromic case management of STI
3.6. Psychiatry
Mental Health Services in Nepal, Psychiatric assessment, Causes of Mental Illness, Psychosis, Neurosis – anxiety disorders, Neurosis – depressive disorders, Bipolar disorder, Alcohol and drug abuse, Childhood Mental disorders, Psychosexual Disorders, Psychological trauma, Epilepsy, Mental Retardation.

Pharmacology and pharmacy
4.1. Clinical Pharmacology
Introduction to pharmacology, Locally acting drugs, Anti-cancer and Antimicrobial agents, Drugs used in Common GI problems, Drugs used in common respiratory problems, Rehydration therapy, Vaccines, antisera and immunoglobulins, Vitamins and minerals, NSAIDS, Hormones and related drugs, CNS acting drugs, Drugs used in cardiovascular problems, Diuretics,
4.2. Pharmacy
Pharmaco daynamic and pharmaco kinetic, Rational drug therapy, Inventory management, packing, labelling, dispensing, Preparation of solution, lotion, ointment and suspension (Gentian violet, Mercurochrome, acriflavin, potassium permanganate, Whitfield and sulfur ointment, Lugol’s solution and tincture of iodine and antacid according to accepted formula.
General Surgery
5.1. Basic surgery
Haemorrhage, Management of inflammation, Septicemia, Toxemia, Sinus, fistula, Gangrene, Wound, Tetanus, Acute Pain Abdomen, , Hernia, Anal Fissure, Piles, Acute Retention of Urine, Causes of Frequent Urination and Nocturia, Management of Rupture of Urethra, Haematuria, Phymosis, Paraphymosis, Hydrocele, Head Injury, Clinical features and management of Osteomyelitis, Local Anesthesia, Sterilization of Surgical Instruments.
5.2. First aid and emergency care
Shock, Poisoning, Injuries, Haemorrhage, External bleeding, Thermal and Chemical Burns, Fracture and Dislocation, Frost Bite, Insect bite, Animal bite, Snake bite and Drowning, Abscess and Cellulites.
5.3. Obstetrics and Gynecology
Male and Female reproductive System, mechanism of Menstruation, Conception, Evolution, Vaginal Discharge, Management of Per Vaginal Bleeding, Post-Menopausal Bleeding, Uterine Prolapsed, Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases; causes, Sign, Symptoms and Complication of Ectopic pregnancy, Management of Mastitis. and Breast Abscess, Management of Normal Labor and Early Diagnosis and referral of Complicated Pregnancy, Labor, Puerperium, Safe Abortions, Permanent and Temporary Contraceptives.
5.4. Eye, ENT and Oral Health
General Examination procedures of Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat, Sign and Symptoms and General Managements of Eye Lid complications, Red Eyes, Trachoma, Corneal ulcer, Night Blindness, Cataract, Pterygium, Iridocyclitis,Xeropthalmia,Glaucoma and foreign body in the eyes. Removal of Wax and Foreign Bodies, Sign and Symptoms and Managements of Otitis Media, Otitis Externa and referral conditions of hearing problems, Deviated nasal Septum, Nasal polyps, Epistaxis and Sinusitis, Clinical Features, Complications and management of Acute Tonsillitis, Pharyngitis and Laryngitis, Dental plaques and calculus, Dental Carries, Periodontitis, Periodontal pockets and Abscess, Importance and Maintenance of Oral Hygiene.
Clinical Pathology
6.1. Biochemistry
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Enzymes, Vitamins,
6.2. Microbiology
Introduction to Microbiology, Basic bacteriological investigations, Bacterial growth and sterilization,
6.3. Parasitology
Intestinal Parasites-Ascaris, Hookworm, Trichuris, Enterobius, Taenia, Echinococus, Hymenolepis Entamoeba,Giardia,Trichomouas. Mode of infection, pathogenicity, laboratory diagnosis and prevention of intestinal parasites. Blood and tissue parasites, Defense mechanisms of the body.
6.4. Hematology
Blood and anticoagulants, Blood characteristics, hematological tests, and blood collection techniques, Hormones.

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National Plan, Policy & Guidelines Research & Publication

Standard Treatment Protocol (STP) for BHS 2078 (Draft)

by Public Health Update June 24, 2021

written by Public Health Update

The Ministry of Health and Population calls public feedback on the draft of Standard Treatment Protocol (STP) for Basic Health Services Package (BHS) 2078.

Curative Service Division (CSD)- Department of Health Services

STP draft includes following topics;

People-Centred Care and Rational Prescribing
People-Centred Care
Principles of Appropriate Prescribing
Rational Use of Antibiotics
Prescription And Its Contents
Infection Prevention and Control and Waste Management at Basic Health Care Centres
Common Emergencies
Surgical Skills – Dressing, Suturing, Incision and Drainage
Shock
Unconscious Patient
Convulsions
Primary Trauma Care (PTC)
Management Of Fracture and Dislocation in Trauma Patients
Burns And Scalds
Drowning
Snake Bite
Poisoning
Common Symptoms
General Considerations on Pain
Chest Pain
Breathlessness/Shortness of Breath
Cough
Abdominal Pain
Nausea And Vomiting Headache
Fever
Dizziness Or Vertigo
Syncope (Sudden Collapse or Loss of Consciousness)
Itching (Pruritus)
Fatigue And Weakness (Generalised)
Preventive And Promotive Health Services
National Immunization Program
National Immunisation Programme
AEFI Surveillance
Vaccine Preventable Diseases Surveillance
Integrated Management of Neonatal And Childhood Illness Management Of Children Under Months
Management Of Children 2 Months To 5 Years
Triage
The Safe Transfer of Sick Children
National Nutrition Programme and Nutrition Disorders
Causes Of Malnutrition
Acute Malnutrition
Growth Monitoring and Promotion (GMP) of Under 2 Years Infant and Young Child Feeding
Micronutrient Supplementation and Deworming
Body Mass Index, Overweight, Obesity
Safe Motherhood, Safe Abortion Care and PMTCT
Antenatal Care
Anaemia In Pregnancy
Normal Labour and Birth
Obstetric First Aid and Referral
Safe Abortion Services
Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV
Referral And Emergency Response System
Family Planning and Reproductive Health Services
Family Planning
Uterine Prolapse/Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Fistula
Cervical Cancer – Via, Counselling And Referral
Breast Lumps and Cancer
Curative Services
Communicable Diseases
HIV/AIDs
Malaria
Leprosy
Kala-azar
Dengue
Lymphatic Filariasis
Gastrointestinal Infections
Respiratory Infections
Eruptive Skin Lesions
Genitourinary Infections
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD)
Hypertension (HTN)
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Musculoskeletal Pain
Acid Peptic Disease
Disability
Mental Health Disorders: Common Neurotic and Psychotic Disorders and Idiopathic Epilepsy
Motivational Interviewing
Negotiating for Behaviour Change
Adolescent Health Services
Common Eye, Ent, Oral, Skin Conditions
Eye Disorders
Oral Health Problems
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Ayurveda And Alternative Medicine
Health Promotion
Investigations and Drugs in Basic Health Care Facilities
Basic Investigations at BH facilities
Drug List and Dosage Charts
Adverse Drug Reactions, Prevention and Reporting Form

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Online Certificate Programme: Migration Governance and Diaspora Engagement

by Public Health Update June 21, 2021

written by Public Health Update

Introduction

Migration is a defining feature of the 21st century in more than one way. Both migration and diaspora are closely linked with processes of social, economic and political development as well as important for individual empowerment for millions of people, communities and nations. Target 10.7 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasizes the facilitation of orderly, safe, and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies.

The ‘Migration Governance and Diaspora Engagement’ Certificate Programme is interdisciplinary and policy oriented, with resource persons and lecturers drawn from various sectors and thematic domains, regions and countries. They will share their experiences to provide, not only multiple perspectives, but also help the learner to develop a nuanced understanding of the dynamics of international migration and diaspora engagement.

The four organisations, iDiaspora, GRFDT, CISAN and ADEPT, have an outstanding global and sub-regional presence and will draw from their highly acclaimed networks of scholars and academics, policy institutions (international, regional, national and sub-regional), migrant organisations, diaspora organisations as well as grassroot organisations.

Programme Outcome

The programme will cover both theoretical and practical aspects of migration governance and diaspora engagement. Participants will work through a structured process from identifying learning needs to understanding the significant aspects necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of migration-related policies. The certificate programme will provide an opportunity for participants to reflect, share and build on the migration experiences and diasporic engagement through intellectually stimulated discussions based on realities in sending, transit and host countries and territories. Students will have the opportunity to publish their work on the organisations’ platforms such as GRFDT website and iDiaspora platform, facilitated by the IOM and designed to empower diaspora engagement.

The programme will help students to gain deeper perspectives associated with migration governance and dive into prevailing developments, challenges and opportunities in diaspora engagement. The programme will also help professionals who are already working on migration related issues in various institutions to enhance their understanding. In addition, participants will be provided access and a platform to engage and share their contribution in cross-cutting sectors as well as engage with academia, journalism, civil society, private sector, NGOs, policy institutions and think-tanks.

Objectives

To understand deeper nuances of migration governance and diaspora engagement from interdisciplinary and intersectoral perspectives
To critically examine various perspectives, policies and, politics of migration governance and diaspora engagement

The Programme Structure

The Certificate is composed of three courses and eleven blocks:

Course 1: Theories, Concepts and Methodologies (6 Credits)
Course 2: Migration Governance (6 Credits)
Course 3: Migration Governance and Diaspora Engagement (6 Credits)

Programme Delivery
The programme will be offered through online platforms: Google classroom, ZOOM and iDIASPORA. The course
material will include both audio-video resources and texts. Students will be provided with access to interactive
online portals to facilitate connection among participants as well as encourage interactions.

Duration: Six months (September 2021 to February 2022)

Required attendance: Minimum 70% of all online classes.

Online application: bit.ly/MigGov

Application deadline: July 31, 2021

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Life Style & Public Health Nutrition Activities PH Important Day Public Health Public Health Events

International Day of Yoga 2021: Yoga for well-being

by Public Health Update June 20, 2021

written by Public Health Update

The International Day Yoga is an annual event observed each year on 21 June to promote yoga. The message of Yoga in promoting both the physical and mental well-being of humanity has never been more relevant. A growing trend of people around the world embracing Yoga to stay healthy and rejuvenated and to fight social isolation and depression has been witnessed during the pandemic. Yoga is also playing a significant role in the psycho-social care and rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients in quarantine and isolation. It is particularly helpful in allaying their fears and anxiety.

Health benefits of Yoga | Public Health Update

Recognizing this important role of Yoga, this year’s commemoration of the International Day of Yoga focuses on “Yoga for well-being” – how the practice of Yoga can promote the holistic health of every individual.

Source of Info: UN

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Conference Public Health Events

Seventh Virtual National Summit of the Health and Population Scientists in Nepal

by Public Health Update June 20, 2021

written by Public Health Update

The “Seventh National Summit of the Health and Population Scientists in Nepal” is being organized by the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC) with a theme “Research in Public Health Emergencies: Evidence to Policy and Action” The Seventh National Summit will be a continuum of the previous summits as an annual gathering to provide a platform for researchers and academicians to share recent and relevant health evidence; and policymakers to interact with researchers and academia to identify recent evidence on national health priorities.

Objectives

To promote timely and effective translation of evidence on public health emergencies to relevant actions and policies

To foster networking and knowledge exchange between policy makers and health and population scientists
To encourage health and population scientists, and practitioners to collaborate, innovate and promote research on current health priorities in Nepal.

Expected participants

National and International Scientists, Researchers, Universities/Academia, Policy makers, Scholars, Development partners, Health professionals, Medical practitioners and Students to share recent and relevant health evidences.

Event date: 1-2 July 2021

Call for Health Awards

MORE INFO: VISIT NHRC WEBSITE

Declaration of Fifth National Summit of Health and Population Scientists in Nepal

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PH Important Day Activities Public Health Events

World Sickle Cell Day: Shine the Light on Sickle Cell!

by Public Health Update June 19, 2021

written by Public Health Update

Overview

The World Sickle Cell Day is is observed each year on June 19. It was designated on 22^nd December 2008 as per the decision of the United Nations General Assembly. The resolution recognises sickle cell disease as a public health problem and one of the world’s foremost genetic diseases at that time. The resolution calls for members to raise awareness of sickle cell on June 19th of each year at national and international level.

National Guideline for Sickle Cell Anaemia and Thalassemia- NEPAL

Objective

To increase public knowledge and an understanding of sickle cell disease, and the challenges experienced by patients and their families and caregivers.

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)

SCD is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. Healthy red blood cells are round, and they move through small blood vessels to carry oxygen to all parts of the body. In someone who has SCD, the red blood cells become hard and sticky and look like a C-shaped farm tool called a “sickle”. The sickle cells die early, which causes a constant shortage of red blood cells. Also, when they travel through small blood vessels, they get stuck and clog the blood flow. This can cause pain and other serious problems such infection, acute chest syndrome and stroke.

Source: CDC

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National Plan, Policy & Guidelines Research & Publication

Procedures for Treatment of Acid-attack Victims 2078

by Public Health Update June 18, 2021

written by Public Health Update

Overview

The Ministry of Health and Population has endorsed the procedures for for treatment of Acid-attack Victims- 2078. This document will guide to implement the decision of the Council of ministers (Cabinet) for the free treatment of Acid-attack Victims in Nepal. This procedure also enlisted some hospitals as a dedicated hospitals for treatment ofacid attack victims in Nepal.

Dedicated hospitals for treatment ofacid attack victims

Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu
Bir Hospital, Kathmandu
Patan Hospital, Lalitpur
Kritipur Hospital, Kritipur, Kathmandu

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Overview

Details

Overview

Details

Overview

Details

Introduction

Programme Outcome

Objectives

Objectives

Expected participants

Event date: 1-2 July 2021

Overview

Objective

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)

Overview

Dedicated hospitals for treatment ofacid attack victims

PUBLIC HEALTH INITIATIVE