Park's Text Book of Preventive & Social Medicine (Book)

by Public Health Update September 24, 2018

Park’s Text Book of Preventive & Social Medicine (Book)

Park’s Text Book of Preventive & Social Medicine (Book): This Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 23rd Edition is edited by K. Park. This Twenty-Third Editionis in keeping with the tradition of release of new editions at regular intervals, with the objective to match the pace of everchanging subject matter. The book has been thoroughly updated and revised.

**The Topics Covered in this Textbook are**

- Man and Medicine: Towards Health For All
- Concept of Health and Disease
- Principles of Epidemiology and Epidemiologic Methods
- Screening for Disease
- Epidemiology of Communicable Diseases
- Epidemiology of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases and Conditions
- Health Programmes in India
- Demography and Family Planning
- Preventive Medicine in Obstetrics, Pediatrics and Geriatrics
- Nutrition and Health
- Medicine and Social Sciences

Environment and Health
Hospital Waste Management
Disaster Management
Occupational Health
Genetics and Health
Mental Health
Health Information and Basic Medical Statistics
Communication for Health Education
Health Planning and Management
Health care of the Community
International Health

22852215 876274792543881 8150430482986895013 n

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Park’s Text Book of Preventive & Social Medicine (Book)

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September 24, 2018 0 comments

Public Health

Shanghai Ranking Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2018 – Public Health

by Public Health Update September 24, 2018

written by Public Health Update

Shanghai Ranking Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2018 – Public Health: Shanghai Ranking released 2018 Global Ranking of Academic Subjects. following are the best performing universities for Public Health.

World Rank	Institution*	Total Score	Score on
1	Harvard University	262.2	98
2	Johns Hopkins University	216.3	100
3	London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine	193.5	62
4	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill	191.1	63.3
5	Karolinska Institute	187.1	56
6	University College London	185.8	62.1
7	University of Washington	185.1	66.3
8	Emory University	183.4	64.9
9	Columbia University	183.0	58.8
10	University of Toronto	180.2	69.6
11	University of Bristol	175.6	36
12	University of Copenhagen	172.9	50.8
13	University of Oxford	172.6	53
14	Imperial College London	172.5	49.5
15	University of Michigan-Ann Arbor	170.5	58.8
16	University of California, San Francisco	167.5	64.5
17	University of California, Berkeley	164.0	37.1
18	The University of Queensland	160.7	49.8
19	Boston University	160.0	46.4
20	Utrecht University	159.6	44.5
21	University of California, Los Angeles	158.4	57
22	University of British Columbia	158.1	50.6
23	University of Cambridge	156.7	41.4
24	Yale University	156.3	52.6
25	Erasmus University Rotterdam	155.8	45.8
25	The University of Melbourne	155.8	51.3
27	University of Crete	155.0	15.9
28	Pompeu Fabra University	150.5	24.1
29	The University of Edinburgh	149.8	33.2
30	Duke University	149.7	47.6
30	Stanford University	149.7	44.2
32	University of Basel	147.3	34.9
33	McGill University	147.2	46.1
34	Brown University	146.0	43.5
35	Aarhus University	145.5	38.2
36	New York University	145.2	43
37	University of Sydney	144.7	56.2
38	King’s College London	142.8	43.4
38	Northwestern University	142.8	52.6
40	University of Pennsylvania	142.5	53.5
41	University of Oslo	142.2	40.8
42	Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai	142.0	33.1
43	University of Liverpool	141.3	38.7
44	University of Montreal	140.0	38.5
45	Vanderbilt University	139.6	40
46	All India Institute of Medical Sciences	139.5	16.6
47	University of Southern California	137.1	41
48	The University of Western Australia	136.6	34.9
49	Lund University	136.5	35.6
50	University of Lorraine Added on September 15, 2018	136.3	15.1
50	University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Campus	136.1	48.1
51-75	Dartmouth College		29.4
51-75	Heidelberg University		29.6
51-75	Maastricht University		42.8
51-75	Monash University		50.3
51-75	Shanghai Jiao Tong University		24.1
51-75	Swansea University		15.6
51-75	The University of Auckland		31.3
51-75	The University of Hong Kong		30.7
51-75	Umea University		32.9
51-75	University at Albany (State University of New York)		20.6
51-75	University of Alabama at Birmingham		40.1
51-75	University of Barcelona		40.4
51-75	University of Bergen		31.1
51-75	University of California, Davis		36.4
51-75	University of California, Irvine		25.8
51-75	University of California, San Diego		44.5
51-75	University of Cape Town Corrected on September 15, 2018		38.2
51-75	University of Groningen		35.1
51-75	University of Helsinki		35.3
51-75	University of Leicester		21
51-75	University of Minnesota, Twin Cities		51.3
51-75	University of Otago		31.9
51-75	University of Ottawa		40.8
51-75	University of Southampton		35.6
51-75	University of the Witwatersrand		37.6
51-75	Uppsala University		33.7
76-100	Aga Khan University		18.7
76-100	Deakin University		33.8
76-100	Fudan University		28.4
76-100	Griffith University		29.6
76-100	Kwame Nkrumah University Science & Technology		15.7
76-100	National and Kapodistrian University of Athens		36.4
76-100	National Taiwan University		32.7
76-100	National University of Singapore		33.9
76-100	Queen Mary University of London		25.3
76-100	Queensland University of Technology		29.9
76-100	Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey – New Brunswick		39.7
76-100	Seoul National University		33.1
76-100	The George Washington University		33.8
76-100	The University of Glasgow		31.1
76-100	The University of New South Wales		50.2
76-100	The University of Tokyo		30.1
76-100	University of Amsterdam		44.6
76-100	University of Chicago		31.9
76-100	University of Gothenburg		35.7
76-100	University of KwaZulu-Natal		29.8
76-100	University of Milan		30.5
76-100	University of Munich		31
76-100	University of Rochester		28.8
76-100	University of Sao Paulo		49.9
76-100	University of Southern Denmark		30.6
101-150	Aalborg University		20.8
101-150	Aristotle University of Thessaloniki		16.9
101-150	Baylor College of Medicine		38.6
101-150	Cairo University		16.1
101-150	Charite – Universitats Medizin Berlin		29
101-150	Dalhousie University		27.1
101-150	Drexel University		24.8
101-150	Flinders University		30.1
101-150	Free University Berlin		31.5
101-150	George Mason University		19.2
101-150	Ghent University		38.8
101-150	Humboldt University of Berlin		29.8
101-150	Korea University		22.4
101-150	Leiden University		26.5
101-150	London School of Economics and Political Science		21.6
101-150	Makerere University		32.4
101-150	McMaster University		39.2
101-150	National University of Ireland, Galway		16.2
101-150	Newcastle University		26.6
101-150	Northeastern University (Boston)		19.3
101-150	Norwegian University of Science and Technology – NTNU		24.4
101-150	Oregon Health and Science University		31.4
101-150	Radboud University Nijmegen		39.5
101-150	Simon Fraser University		25
101-150	St George’s Hospital Medical School		18.9
101-150	Stellenbosch University		27.7
101-150	The Australian National University		29.4
101-150	The Ohio State University – Columbus		40.2
101-150	The University of Calgary		33.6
101-150	The University of Manchester		35.6
101-150	The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston		44.1
101-150	Tufts University		33.2
101-150	University of Alberta		39.6
101-150	University of Bari		17.3
101-150	University of Birmingham		31.2
101-150	University of Cincinnati		28.5
101-150	University of Illinois at Chicago		39.7
101-150	University of Iowa		33.7
101-150	University of Miami		29.7
101-150	University of Nottingham		30.4
101-150	University of Tromso		25.3
101-150	University of Ulm		16.7
101-150	University of Valencia		22.8
101-150	University of Virginia		28.5
101-150	University of Wageningen		28.7
101-150	University of Wisconsin – Madison		37.9
101-150	VU University Amsterdam		42.9
101-150	Washington University in St. Louis		37.9
101-150	Yeshiva University		31.3
151-200	Addis Ababa University		22.1
151-200	Albert Einstein College of Medicine		28.8
151-200	Case Western Reserve University		34
151-200	Cornell University		39.2
151-200	Curtin University		31.5
151-200	Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul		25.3
151-200	Georgetown University		28.3
151-200	Hacettepe University		16.5
151-200	James Cook University		22.3
151-200	KU Leuven		30.2
151-200	Laval University		29.6
151-200	Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine		26
151-200	Massey University		21.6
151-200	Michigan State University		29.9
151-200	National University of Malaysia		16.4
151-200	Oklahoma State University		15
151-200	Peking University		28.9
151-200	Pennsylvania State University – University Park		37.9
151-200	Sorbonne University		24.2
151-200	Sun Yat-sen University		23.9
151-200	Tehran University of Medical Sciences		35.1
151-200	Tel Aviv University		38
151-200	The University of Adelaide		32.4
151-200	The University of Sheffield		28.3
151-200	Tulane University		27.4
151-200	Universidade Federal de Pelotas		20.4
151-200	University of Aberdeen		26.2
151-200	University of Arizona		28.7
151-200	University of Bern		25.9
151-200	University of Bologna		24.9
151-200	University of Colorado Health Science Center		37.4
151-200	University of Duesseldorf		19.4
151-200	University of Florida		37.7
151-200	University of Geneva		28.8
151-200	University of Leeds		30.2
151-200	University of Maryland, Baltimore		35.8
151-200	University of Massachusetts Medical School – Worcester		26.9
151-200	University of Missouri – Columbia		23.4
151-200	University of Oklahoma – Oklahoma City		17.1
151-200	University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center		17.7
151-200	University of Porto		28
151-200	University of Utah		32.9
151-200	University of Warwick		24.1
151-200	University of York		27.6
151-200	University of Zambia		17.7
151-200	University of Zurich		31
151-200	Washington State University		18.6
151-200	Wayne State University		28.9
151-200	Western University		28.1
151-200	Wuhan University		15.6
201-300	Aix Marseille University		32.5
201-300	American University of Beirut		18.5
201-300	Arizona State University		28.3
201-300	Autonomous University of Barcelona		29.6
201-300	Ben-Gurion University of the Negev		21.5
201-300	Bielefeld University		15
201-300	Capital Medical University		22.1
201-300	Cardiff University		24.8
201-300	Catholic University of Chile		18.7
201-300	Catholic University of Louvain		21.3
201-300	Central South University		18.5
201-300	Colorado State University		21.8
201-300	Federal University of Minas Gerais		31
201-300	Federal University of Santa Catarina		21.6
201-300	Huazhong University of Science and Technology		20.9
201-300	Indiana University Bloomington		22
201-300	Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis		33.9
201-300	Jagiellonian University		22.5
201-300	King Saud University		20.9
201-300	Kyung Hee University		20.7
201-300	Louisiana State University – Baton Rouge		25
201-300	Loyola University Chicago		16.9
201-300	Mahidol University		34.4
201-300	Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)		21.5
201-300	Medical University of South Carolina		26.8
201-300	Memorial University of Newfoundland		17.2
201-300	National Autonomous University of Mexico		19.1
201-300	North Carolina State University – Raleigh		19.8
201-300	Oregon State University		19.8
201-300	Queen’s University		25.5
201-300	Queen’s University Belfast		21.8
201-300	Rush University		22
201-300	Sapienza University of Rome		26.8
201-300	State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn		15
201-300	Stockholm University		24.8
201-300	Taipei Medical University		21.7
201-300	Technical University of Denmark		19.8
201-300	Texas A&M University		25.4
201-300	The Chinese University of Hong Kong		25.1
201-300	The Hebrew University of Jerusalem		21.6
201-300	The University of New Mexico – Albuquerque		27.8
201-300	The University of Newcastle, Australia		32.7
201-300	The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston		24.5
201-300	Thomas Jefferson University		20.8
201-300	Trinity College Dublin		24.3
201-300	TU Dresden		17.7
201-300	Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences – USA		24.1
201-300	Université Grenoble Alpes		17.6
201-300	Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)		21.7
201-300	University at Buffalo, the State University of New York		29.5
201-300	University College Cork		19.5
201-300	University College Dublin		22.7
201-300	University of Antwerp		24.8
201-300	University of Bath		16.5
201-300	University of Belgrade		20.3
201-300	University of Bochum		17
201-300	University of Brasília		18.3
201-300	University of Brighton		17.1
201-300	University of Cologne		22.1
201-300	University of Colorado at Denver		23.9
201-300	University of Connecticut		29.6
201-300	University of Duisburg-Essen		16.7
201-300	University of East Anglia		24.1
201-300	University of Eastern Finland		20.8
201-300	University of Exeter		22.7
201-300	University of Gondar		17.9
201-300	University of Granada		27
201-300	University of Hamburg		26.9
201-300	University of Iceland		17.3
201-300	University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign		24.1
201-300	University of Lausanne		28.5
201-300	University of Louisiana at Lafayette		19
201-300	University of Louisville		20
201-300	University of Malawi		22.2
201-300	University of Manitoba		32.3
201-300	University of Maryland, College Park		27.5
201-300	University of Massachusetts Amherst		22.6
201-300	University of Massachusetts Boston		15.4
201-300	University of Missouri-Kansas City		16.6
201-300	University of Naples Federico II		22
201-300	University of Oulu		17.7
201-300	University of Paris Descartes (Paris 5)		31.7
201-300	University of Paris-Sud (Paris 11)		23.7
201-300	University of South Australia		26.2
201-300	University of South Carolina – Columbia		32.9
201-300	University of Sussex		18.9
201-300	University of Tampere		24.6
201-300	University of Tasmania		20.8
201-300	University of the Basque Country		16.7
201-300	University of Turin		21.8
201-300	University of Turku		22.7
201-300	University of Ulster		16.6
201-300	University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines		20.5
201-300	University of Western Sydney		21.8
201-300	University Paris Diderot – Paris 7		25.9
201-300	Virginia Commonwealth University		30
201-300	Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)		24.6
201-300	Wake Forest University		27.6
201-300	Yonsei University		25.6
201-300	Zhejiang University		26.1
301-400	Autonomous University of Madrid		18
301-400	Brunel University		15.6
301-400	Catholic University of the Sacred Heart		21.4
301-400	Charles University in Prague		18.9
301-400	Chiang Mai University		17.8
301-400	China Agricultural University		15.3
301-400	China Medical University (Taichung)		23
301-400	CUNY Hunter College		17.9
301-400	Ewha Womans University		16.7
301-400	Federal University of Bahia		21.4
301-400	Federal University of Sao Paulo		27.8
301-400	Florida International University		18.5
301-400	Georgia State University		20.1
301-400	Hannover Medical School		22.2
301-400	Harokopio University Athens		15.3
301-400	Hokkaido University		16.9
301-400	Iowa State University		17.6
301-400	King Abdulaziz University		18.6
301-400	Kyoto University		20.1
301-400	La Trobe University		23.9
301-400	Lancaster University		17.9
301-400	Linkoping University		23.6
301-400	Loughborough University		18.7
301-400	Medical University of Vienna		22.5
301-400	Medical University Warsaw		15.1
301-400	Miguel Hernandez University of Elche		16.7
301-400	Nagasaki University		18.4
301-400	Nanyang Technological University		16.2
301-400	National Cheng Kung University		21.4
301-400	National Yang Ming University		23.9
301-400	Orebro University		17.7
301-400	Osaka University		18.3
301-400	Paris 13 University		17
301-400	Paul Sabatier University (Toulouse 3)		16.3
301-400	Purdue University – West Lafayette		24.8
301-400	Saint Louis University		21.6
301-400	San Diego State University		24.7
301-400	Shandong University		19.9
301-400	Sichuan University		19.4
301-400	Stony Brook University		17.9
301-400	Sungkyunkwan University		20.6
301-400	Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich		18.4
301-400	Technical University Munich		19.4
301-400	Texas A&M Health Science Center		17.4
301-400	The University of Dundee		19.4
301-400	The University of Georgia		27.2
301-400	The University of Reading		16.2
301-400	The University of Texas at Austin		28.2
301-400	The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio		23.3
301-400	The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas		22.8
301-400	Tsinghua University		16
301-400	Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia		19.7
301-400	Universite de Lille		20.3
301-400	University of Arkansas Medical Sciences		21.7
301-400	University of Bonn		22.6
301-400	University of Bordeaux		15
301-400	University of Buenos Aires		19.4
301-400	University of Chile		23.8
301-400	University of Colorado at Boulder		18.2
301-400	University of Erlangen-Nuremberg		18.6
301-400	University of Florence		19.5
301-400	University of Frankfurt		17.9
301-400	University of Freiburg		20.2
301-400	University of Ghana		22.3
301-400	University of Guelph		21.6
301-400	University of Ibadan		18
301-400	University of Kansas		24.9
301-400	University of Kentucky		30.4
301-400	University of Leipzig		19.9
301-400	University of Lisbon		24.7
301-400	University of Ljubljana		21.1
301-400	University of Malaga		15.6
301-400	University of Malaya		26.5
301-400	University of Montpellier		24.7
301-400	University of Muenster		15.4
301-400	University of Murcia		16.5
301-400	University of Nairobi		18.9
301-400	University of Navarra		19.8
301-400	University of Padua		22
301-400	University of Pretoria		20.7
301-400	University of Saskatchewan		22.5
301-400	University of Sherbrooke		19.9
301-400	University of South Florida		30.6
301-400	University of Stirling		16.6
301-400	University of Strathclyde		15.7
301-400	University of Surrey		17.3
301-400	University of the Western Cape		16.7
301-400	University of Tsukuba		16
301-400	University of Tuebingen		21.2
301-400	University of Ulsan		18.7
301-400	University of Vermont		21
301-400	University of Victoria		20
301-400	University of Waterloo		27.2
301-400	University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee		15.4
301-400	University of Wuerzburg		15
301-400	University of Zaragoza		20.3
301-400	University of Zimbabwe		15.9
301-400	University Rovira i Virgili		18.6
301-400	Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University		21.2
301-400	West Virginia University		21.1
401-500	Australian Catholic University		17.6
401-500	Catholic University of Korea		18.1
401-500	Chang Gung University		21.4
401-500	Charles Darwin University		15.9
401-500	China Medical University (Shenyang)		16.2
401-500	Chulalongkorn University		18.7
401-500	Chung Shan Medical University		15.4
401-500	City University London		15.1
401-500	Claude Bernard University Lyon 1		20.3
401-500	Complutense University of Madrid		24.9
401-500	Durham University		17.4
401-500	East Carolina University		19.3
401-500	Federal University of Ceara		15.9
401-500	Federal University of Parana		15.7
401-500	Federal University of Pernambuco		19.7
401-500	Federal University of Rio de Janeiro		28.1
401-500	Florida State University		19
401-500	Fluminense Federal University		16.7
401-500	Hanyang University		15.2
401-500	Isfahan University Medical Science		17.8
401-500	Islamic Azad University		18
401-500	Istanbul University		15.5
401-500	Kansas State University		15.6
401-500	Kaohsiung Medical University		18.1
401-500	Keele University		15.5
401-500	Khon Kaen University		17.4
401-500	Kyushu University		15.6
401-500	Macquarie University		18.7
401-500	Medical College of Wisconsin		20.4
401-500	Nagoya University		15.7
401-500	Nanjing Medical University		16.2
401-500	New University of Lisbon		20.1
401-500	Plymouth University		16.5
401-500	Pusan National University		16.6
401-500	Rio de Janeiro State University		22.2
401-500	RWTH Aachen University		15.1
401-500	Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences		22.7
401-500	Southern Medical University		15.4
401-500	Technion-Israel Institute of Technology		15
401-500	Temple University		22
401-500	Texas Tech University		17.9
401-500	The Hong Kong Polytechnic University		15.9
401-500	The University of Alabama – Tuscaloosa		15.8
401-500	The University of Memphis		16.1
401-500	Tilburg University		17.5
401-500	Tohoku University		18.8
401-500	UNESP		22.4
401-500	University of Antioquia		15.8
401-500	University of Campinas		25.1
401-500	University of Castilla–La Mancha		15.2
401-500	University of Central Florida		19.5
401-500	University of Coimbra		17.5
401-500	University of Goettingen		15.8
401-500	University of Haifa		16.1
401-500	University of Hawaii at Manoa		16.7
401-500	University of Houston		23.2
401-500	University of Jena		16
401-500	University of Kiel		15.8
401-500	University of Mainz		15.9
401-500	University of Mississippi		19.6
401-500	University of Nebraska – Lincoln		16.5
401-500	University of Pavia		15.7
401-500	University of Pisa		15.6
401-500	University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus		15.6
401-500	University of Roma – Tor Vergata		16.4
401-500	University of Science, Malaysia		17.6
401-500	University of Seville		20.1
401-500	University of Technology Sydney		18.9
401-500	University of Tennessee – Knoxville		19.2
401-500	University of Twente		15
401-500	University of Wollongong		23.3
401-500	University of Zagreb		17.7
401-500	University Putra Malaysia		18.2
401-500	Xian Jiao Tong University		15
401-500	York University		17.5

SOURCE OF INFO: www.shanghairanking.com

Shanghai Ranking’s Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2018 Shanghai Ranking’s Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2018

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September 24, 2018 0 comments

Handbook for national quality policy and strategy- World Health Organization

by Public Health Update September 24, 2018

written by Public Health Update

Handbook for national quality policy and strategy- World Health Organization

A practical approach for developing policy and strategy to improve quality of care

The “WHO handbook for national quality policy and strategy” outlines an approach for the development of national policies and strategies to improve the quality of care. Such policy and strategy can help clarify the structures, roles and responsibilities within national quality efforts, support the institutionalization of a culture of quality, and secure buy-in from health system leaders and stakeholders.
The handbook is not a prescriptive process guide, but is designed to support teams developing policies and strategies in this area, and very much recognizes the varied expertise, experience and resources available to countries. It outlines eight essential elements to be considered by teams developing national quality policy and strategy: national health goals and priorities; local definition of quality; stakeholder mapping and engagement; situational analysis; governance and organizational structure; improvement methods and interventions; health management information systems and data systems; quality indicators and core measures.
The NQPS handbook was co-developed with countries each finding themselves at different stages of the development and execution of national quality policies and strategies, and was informed by the review of a sample of more than 20 existing quality strategies across low-, middle- and high-income countries globally.

Authors: © World Health Organization 2018

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September 24, 2018 0 comments

Books Health Literacy, Health Education & Promotion Non- Communicable Diseases (NCDs)Public Health Update Research & Publication

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) Booklet

by Public Health Update September 24, 2018

written by Public Health Update

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) Booklet

The National Health Education, Information and Communication Center (NHEICC) has published a Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) booklet aimed at raising awareness about NCDs. This booklet is available in both English and Nepali.

Content

Booklet provides detailed information on the following topics:

Childhood Obesity – Causes, risk factors and prevention strategies.
Asthma – Symptoms, triggers, treatment, and prevention strategies.
Cancers in Female – Common cancers such as breast and cervical cancer, risk factors, prevention, and early detection.
Cancers in Male
Diabetes mellitus– Causes, symptoms, complications, and lifestyle management for diabetes prevention and control.
Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) – Risk factors, prevention, and treatment options to manage blood pressure effectively.
Stroke
High cholestrol level
BMI table

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Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) Booklet

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September 24, 2018 1 comment

Global Health News Health Literacy, Health Education & Promotion International Plan, Policy & Guidelines Public Health Public Health News Reports

Global status report on alcohol and health 2018

by Public Health Update September 22, 2018

written by Public Health Update

Global status report on alcohol and health 2018: 21 September 2018 – Geneva. More than 3 million people died as a result of harmful use of alcohol in 2016, according a report released by the World Health Organization (WHO). This represents 1 in 20 deaths. More than three quarters of these deaths were among men. Overall, the harmful use of alcohol causes more than 5% of the global disease burden.
“Far too many people, their families and communities suffer the consequences of the harmful use of alcohol through violence, injuries, mental health problems and diseases like cancer and stroke,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of WHO. “It’s time to step up action to prevent this serious threat to the development of healthy societies.”
Harmful use of alcohol causes;

100% of alcohol use disorders
48% of liver cirrhosis
26% of mouth cancers
26% of pancreatitis
20% of tuberculosis
18% of suicides
18% of interpersonal violence
27% of traffic injuries
11% of colorectal cancer
13% of epilepsy
7% of hypertensive
heart disease
5% of breast cancer

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Global status report on alcohol and health 2018

September 22, 2018 0 comments

PH Important Day Public Health Public Health Events

World Alzheimer’s Day : Every 3 seconds someone in the world develops dementia

by Public Health Update September 21, 2018

written by Public Health Update

World Alzheimer’s Day : Every 3 seconds someone in the world develops dementia: World Alzheimer’s Day is an annual day that raises awareness on Alzheimer’s disease and dementia all over the world. World Alzheimer’s Day marked on 21 Sep every year. This event is an international campaign to raise dementia awareness and challenge stigma.
September month is also celebrated as Alzheimer’s months. The theme for this year’s World Alzheimer’s Month campaign is Every 3 seconds. Every 3 seconds someone in the world develops dementia.
Alzheimer‘s disease is the most common form of dementia and may contribute to 60–70% of cases.

Dementia is a collective name for progressive degenerative brain syndromes which affect memory, thinking, behaviour and emotion. Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia are the most common types of dementia, responsible for up to 90% of cases of dementia.

Symptoms may include:

loss of memory
difficulty in finding the right words or understanding what people are saying
difficulty in performing previously routine tasks
personality and mood changes

Dementia knows no social, economic or geographical boundaries. Although each person will experience dementia in their own way, eventually those affected are unable to care for themselves and need help with all aspects of daily life. There is currently no cure for most types of dementia, but treatments, advice, and support are available.World Alzheimer’s Day : Every 3 seconds someone in the world develops dementia
Dementia is now widely recognised as one of the most significant health crises of the 21st century.
Statistics

Someone in the world develops dementia every three seconds.
There are over 50 million people living with dementia in 2018, and this is expected to increase to 152 million by 2050 if effective risk-reduction strategies are not implemented worldwide
Most people with dementia live in low and middle-income countries and the number in some regions is expected to increase by five times by 2050. The number of people living with dementia is expected to double in high income countries.
Dementia is now a $US trillion-dollar disease, and already exceeds the market value the world’s largest companies including Apple and Microsoft.

Risk reduction and diagnosis

Diagnosis of dementia is made too late.
Earlier diagnosis is important to ensure that people living with dementia and their care partners can live as well as possible for longer, and access the support they need.
As few as one in ten individuals receive a diagnosis for dementia in low- and middle-income countries, and less than one in two individuals are diagnosed in high income countries.
More people living with dementia need access to a doctor who can provide a diagnosis and help to plan necessary support.

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World Alzheimer’s Day : Every 3 seconds someone in the world develops dementia

September 21, 2018 0 comments

Public Health

Getting to the root of health issues

by Public Health Update September 20, 2018

written by Public Health Update

Getting to the root of health issues: Public Health is an important dimension in society and as a new discipline, it aims to create awareness about health-related issues in the community in order to prevent them. “Public health is distinctly apart from medical studies as it is not clinical based, and focuses on prevention-based techniques,” Assistant Professor Purnalaxmi Maharjan at National Open College (NOC), Sanepa informs the core idea about this subject. .

As such it works closely with community to create awareness on improving health standards of people. “We work on prevention measures and minimisation of health costs rather than just sending people to hospitals,” he adds. .
This new approach to medicine and health is being offered in the undergraduate level by Tribhuvan University (TU), Pokhara University and Purbanchal University and colleges affiliated to these universities. It is being offered as an eight-semester, four-year course. .
Its focus
If you are suffering from diarrhoea, a doctor prescribes you the medicine to treat it. But a public health specialist goes to the root of the problem – symptoms and causes of diarrhoea – to find ways to prevent the disease in a community. .
“Doctors are limited to their clinics and prescribing medicines whereas public health specialists work in and for the society,” points out Janak Thapa, Principal of Little Buddha College of Health and Sciences, Minbhawan. .

A graduate of Public Health calls it a mixture of “art and science” where a health specialist brings together public health specialists and society through the art of communication, and knowledge obtained from their research work..

Their research is based on subjects like Environmental Health and Ecosystem, Community Health Organisation and Development, Epidemiology and Biology among others along with term paper preparations and practical skill development.
As per educator Tripti Shrestha at Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Soaltee Mode, the subject of Public Health combines management, communication, pharmacy, sociology and other basic sciences for a holistic approach to study medicine within society.

An option
Students who have passed the secondary level with C+ and Biology as a major are eligible to appear for Bachelor of Public Health’s (BPH) entrance examination.
The course, that was never even an option for students earlier, has become a lead-

ing choice in the medical faculty today after Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS), claims Prof Dr Archana Amatya, Head of Public Health Department, TU citing the increasing number of applicants.
As such the seats at TU-affiliated colleges have gone upto 40 from 30 in the last four years. Meanwhile, Pokhara and Purbanchal universities take in 60 to 70 students.
The shift to Bachelor of Public Health is mainly due to its sub-medical nature.
“We have a rigid societal structure — parents still want their children to be a doctor as it is considered the most respectful occupation. Students give it (MBBS) a try but not all get through,” Shrestha cites of the trend in Manmohan.
The next option is BPH
Pratikshya Poudel is one such student at Man- mohan. “It was a haphazard choice, but it has been re- warding, gaining a social to management perspective on medicine,” adds this IIIrd Year student.
Another student, Sumina Adhikari from Pokhara-affiliated NOC is a similar case and the best part about this course is that “I can show- case and hone my skills of communication”.
The IInd Semester student of BPH wishes to go abroad to pursue Master of Public Health (MPH) to gain a broader perspective and “it’s a relative choice”
Though BPH was just an option after not making it through MBBS, Rubin Ghimire, a IVth semester student from Little Buddha College, wants to serve in the rural area after he completes his studies.
“I have built this interest of doing something for rural communities — I wish to focus on developing rural health and promote rural development,” he shares. He wishes to study MPH in Germany and return to work with the rural communities here.
Scope and opportunities
From governmental, non- governmental, private, educational and research sectors, the scope for Public Health students are as wide as it can get.
“For students who are dedicated, competent and not studying for the sake of studying, the doors are open for you to embark on a successful professional career,” Thapa opines.
He emphasises BPH develops a student towards becoming a manager, technical person, researcher and a great academician.
From health posts in communities to getting a secured job through Public Service Commission, Shrestha says students can apply any where. “Even educational institutions lack full-time staff as most of them are part-time teachers. You can lead projects for various INGOs and NGOs and also become an independent researcher.”
As the course is a necessity worldwide, it is not even necessary to be limited to Nepal.
But “it will be better to implement your knowledge locally since the course emphasises on adjusting as per the requirement, area and situation,” Asst Prof Maharjan highlights.

FEE STRUCTURE

Manmohan Memorial In- stitute of Health Sciences Cost: Rs 6,94,000
Little Buddha College of Health and Sciences Cost: Rs 6,25,000
National Open College Cost: Rs 9,90,000 (approximately)

Interdisciplinary and updating
The course which includes Anthropology to Biology has also created dilemma for students. Poudel is having difficulties in shaping her career direction. “There’s no particular path- way. There are so many subjects to choose from. I have been thinking of Epidemiology but am confused about my employment direction.
For such a problem, Shrestha opines that institutions should focus on career counselling for students. “We need to recognise their strengths and help them to hone it in that field.”
To hone one’s interest and skills, educators like her wish their students to not just “rely on teachers’ handouts, notes and limited books”. “It is a subject that is always being updated and of a technical nature where we have to upgrade knowledge — this requires a lot of self-research and an analytical attitude.”
HIMALAYANTIMES (Sep 20, 2018) Himalayan News Service Kathmandu

September 20, 2018 0 comments

National Plan, Policy & Guidelines Research & Publication

Program Implementation Guideline for Province & Local Level 2075/76, MoHP

by Public Health Update September 18, 2018

written by Public Health Update

Program Implementation Guideline for Province & Local Level 2075/76, MoHP: Ministry of Health & Population published a Program Implementation Guideline for Province &Local Level 2075/76 to implement various programs at Province & Local level.

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Program Implementation Guidelines FY 2074/75- DoHS

September 18, 2018 1 comment

Fact Sheet Health in Data Maternal, Newborn and Child Health National Plan, Policy & Guidelines Public Health Public Health Notes Public Health Update Reports Research & Publication

Key Indicators: The Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (1996 NDHS- 2016 NDHS)

by Public Health Update September 18, 2018

written by Public Health Update

Key Indicators: The Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (1996 NDHS- 2016 NDHS)
(Note: Please use your Desktop or Laptop)

NEPAL
Indicator	Characteristic	2016 DHS	2011 DHS	2006 DHS	2001 DHS	1996 DHS
Total fertility rate	Total	2.3	2.6	3.1	4.1	4.6
	Residence : Urban	2	1.6	2.1	2.1	2.9
	Residence : Rural	2.9	2.8	3.3	4.4	4.8
	Education : No education	3.3	3.7	3.9	4.8	5.1
	Education : Primary	2.7	2.7	2.8	3.2	3.8
	Education : Secondary	2.1	1.9	2.3	2.2	2.5
	Education : Higher	1.8	1.7	1.5	2.1	2.3
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	3.1	3.3	3.6	4.5	4.9
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	1.9	1.9	2.2	2.2	2.5
	Region : Eastern	2.4	2.5	3.1	3.8	4.1
	Region : Central	2.4	2.5	3	4.3	4.6
	Region : Western	2.2	2.5	3.1	3.5	4.7
	Region : Midwestern	2.5	3.2	3.5	4.7	5.5
	Region : Farwestern	2.2	2.8	3.5	4.7	5.2
	Region : Province 1	2.3
	Region : Province 2	3
	Region : Province 3	1.8
	Region : Province 4	2
	Region : Province 5	2.4
	Region : Province 6	2.8
	Region : Province 7	2.2
	Region : Mountain	3
	Region : Hill	2.1
	Region : Terai	2.5
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	3.2	4.1	4.7
	Wealth quintile : Second	2.5	3.1	3.6
	Wealth quintile : Middle	2.5	2.7	3.1
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	2.1	2.1	2.7
	Wealth quintile : Highest	1.6	1.5	1.9
Married women currently using any method of contraception (*Married women currently modern method of contraception)	Total	52.6	49.7	48	39.3	28.5
	Residence : Urban	54.8	59.6	60	62.2	50.1
	Residence : Rural	49.2	48.2	45.9	36.9	26.5
	Education : No education	58.2	52.8	49.3	36.6	26.4
	Education : Primary	50.4	47	45.5	41.8	30.8
	Education : Secondary	46.8	45.5	45.3	50.4	42.3
	Education : Higher	51.3	52.6	51.5	57.9	51.3
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	55.7	51.1	48.5	37.5	27
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	48.1	46.8	46.1	51.1	43.5
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	49.1	40.4	32.9	27.3	17.7
	Wealth quintile : Second	53.4	46.3	42.6	31.9	23.4
	Wealth quintile : Middle	49.6	48.2	49.2	35.2	24.7
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	50.1	52	52.8	42.3	29.2
	Wealth quintile : Highest	60.4	59.6	60.9	61.3	49.1
	Region : Eastern	54.1	46.4	50	45.8	30.8
	Region : Central	54.2	54.7	50	40.2	31
	Region : Western	46.1	46.1	40.9	36.9	26.5
	Region : Midwestern	52.7	46.9	45.5	35.7	26.9
	Region : Farwestern	57.3	51.9	51.7	30.7	20.8
	Region : Province 1	55.1
	Region : Province 2	47.7
	Region : Province 3	60.6
	Region : Province 4	48.5
	Region : Province 5	48
	Region : Province 6	51.1
	Region : Province 7	57.3
	Region : Mountain	54.6
	Region : Hill	53.9
	Region : Terai	51.4
	*Total	42.8	43.2	44.2	35.4	26
	Residence : Urban	44.2	49.8	54.2	56.3	45.1
	Residence : Rural	40.6	42.1	42.5	33.2	24.3
	Education : No education	51.8	48.8	46.4	33.5	24.5
	Education : Primary	42.4	40.5	41.9	37.7	27.8
	Education : Secondary	34.5	36.9	39.4	42.7	36.6
	Education : Higher	33.4	34.9	40.9	42.1	37.6
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	48.8	46.4	45.5	34.3	24.9
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	34.1	36.5	39.6	42.7	36.7
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	41.8	35.6	30.3	23.8	15.7
	Wealth quintile : Second	44.8	41.1	40.6	28.7	21.2
	Wealth quintile : Middle	42.6	43.3	46.8	31.7	23.2
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	41.7	45.3	48.2	38.9	26.6
	Wealth quintile : Highest	43	48.9	53.9	55.2	44.9
	Region : Eastern	41.7	36.2	44.8	37.9	26.8
	Region : Central	45.4	49.9	46.4	36.9	28.6
	Region : Western	34.9	38.7	36.6	34.3	25.2
	Region : Midwestern	46.4	42.8	43.1	33.8	24.2
	Region : Farwestern	48.1	47.1	49.5	28.8	19.6
	Region : Province 1	40.1
	Region : Province 2	42.2
	Region : Province 3	49.2
	Region : Province 4	37.3
	Region : Province 5	38.9
	Region : Province 6	44.5
	Region : Province 7	48.1
	Region : Mountain	42.6
	Region : Hill	42.4
	Region : Terai	43.1
Unmet need for family planning	Total	23.7	27.5	24.7	27.8	32.4
	Residence : Urban	22.7	20	19.7	15.9	21.1
	Residence : Rural	25.3	28.7	25.6	29	33.4
	Education : No education	17.9	22.8	21.7	28.3	32.2
	Education : Primary	26.4	31	27.7	29	37.1
	Education : Secondary	30.2	33.5	32.1	23.9	29.4
	Education : Higher	23.2	27.1	24.4	18.7	19
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	20.6	25.2	23	28.4	32.8
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	28.2	32.3	31.2	23.4	28.1
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	27	31.9	32.1	33.7	38.2
	Wealth quintile : Second	23.7	28.6	26.8	30.9	35
	Wealth quintile : Middle	24.3	28.9	22.7	30.8	32.2
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	23.8	26.8	23.3	25.7	31.9
	Wealth quintile : Highest	20.5	22.4	19.2	17	23.7
	Region : Eastern	23.9	30.5	23.8	24	29.6
	Region : Central	20.1	22	22.2	26.8	32
	Region : Western	29.3	34.6	32.4	30.8	35.4
	Region : Midwestern	26.3	26.9	25.7	29.6	32.3
	Region : Farwestern	21.3	24.6	20.5	31.2	34.1
	Region : Province 1	24.9
	Region : Province 2	20.6
	Region : Province 3	19.8
	Region : Province 4	30
	Region : Province 5	27.9
	Region : Province 6	25.7
	Region : Province 7	21.3
	Region : Mountain	22.8
	Region : Hill	25.5
	Region : Terai	22.4
Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods	Total	56	55.9	60.9	52.8	42.8
	Residence : Urban	57	62.5	68	72	63.3
	Residence : Rural	54.5	54.8	59.5	50.4	40.5
	Education : No education	67.9	64.6	65.5	51.7	41.9
	Education : Primary	55.2	51.8	57.3	53.3	40.9
	Education : Secondary	44.7	46.7	50.8	57.5	51
	Education : Higher	44.8	43.8	53.9	55	53.5
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	63.9	60.9	63.7	52	41.7
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	44.7	46.2	51.2	57.3	51.3
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	55	49.2	46.5	39	28.1
	Wealth quintile : Second	58.1	54.8	58.4	45.7	36.3
	Wealth quintile : Middle	57.7	56.1	65.1	48	40.7
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	56.4	57.5	63.3	57.1	43.6
	Wealth quintile : Highest	53.2	59.7	67.3	70.5	61.6
	Region : Eastern	53.4	47.1	60.8	54.3	44.3
	Region : Central	61.1	65	64.2	55.1	45.4
	Region : Western	46.3	48	49.9	50.6	40.7
	Region : Midwestern	58.7	58	60.5	51.8	40.9
	Region : Farwestern	61.1	61.6	68.6	46.6	35.8
	Region : Province 1	50.1
	Region : Province 2	61.8
	Region : Province 3	61.2
	Region : Province 4	47.5
	Region : Province 5	51.3
	Region : Province 6	57.9
	Region : Province 7	61.1
	Region : Mountain	55.1
	Region : Hill	53.4
	Region : Terai	58.5
Median age at first marriage [Women]: 25-49	Median age at first marriage [Women]: 25-50	17.9	17.5	17	16.7	16.2
	Residence : Urban	18.3	18.5	17.8	17.6	17.2
	Residence : Rural	17.2	17.4	16.9	16.6	16.1
	Education : No education	16.8	16.6	16.6	16.4	16
	Education : Primary	17.4	17.3	17.1	17.2	16.6
	Education : Secondary	19	19.2	19	18.6	18.7
	Education : Higher	22.3	23.2	21.9	22	23.4
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	17	16.8	16.7	16.5	16
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	20	20	19.5	18.9	19.4
	Region : Eastern	18.4	18.7	17.5	17.5	16.9
	Region : Central	17.7	17	16.8	16.3	15.9
	Region : Western	18	17.7	17.4	17.2	16.5
	Region : Midwestern	17.6	17.1	16.6	16.5	16
	Region : Farwestern	17.3	16.6	16.7	16	15
	Region : Province 1	19.4
	Region : Province 2	16.3
	Region : Province 3	19.4
	Region : Province 4	18.4
	Region : Province 5	17.7
	Region : Province 6	17.3
	Region : Province 7	17.3
	Region : Mountain	18.1
	Region : Hill	18.7
	Region : Terai	17.2
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	17.5	17	16.9
	Wealth quintile : Second	17.4	17.1	16.7
	Wealth quintile : Middle	17.1	17	16.7
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	17.8	17.5	16.8
	Wealth quintile : Highest	19.5	19.1	18.3
Median age at first sexual intercourse [Women]: 25-49	Total	17.9	17.7	17	16.7	16.3
	Residence : Urban	18.3	18.6	18	17.6	17.3
	Residence : Rural	17.3	17.5	16.9	16.6	16.3
	Education : No education	16.9	16.7	16.7	16.4	16.1
	Education : Primary	17.4	17.5	17.2	17.2	16.7
	Education : Secondary	18.9	19.3	19.1	18.6	18.8
	Education : Higher	22.3	23.3	21.9	22	23.2
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	17	16.9	16.7	16.5	16.2
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	20	20	19.6	18.9	19.5
	Region : Eastern	18.5	18.9	17.6	17.5	17.1
	Region : Central	17.8	17.2	16.8	16.4	16
	Region : Western	18	17.8	17.5	17.2	16.6
	Region : Midwestern	17.6	17.3	16.7	16.5	16.1
	Region : Farwestern	17.4	16.7	16.7	16	15.4
	Region : Province 1	19.3
	Region : Province 2	16.5
	Region : Province 3	19.3
	Region : Province 4	18.4
	Region : Province 5	17.7
	Region : Province 6	17.3
	Region : Province 7	17.4
	Region : Mountain	18
	Region : Hill	18.7
	Region : Terai	17.3
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	17.6	17.1	16.9
	Wealth quintile : Second	17.4	17.2	16.7
	Wealth quintile : Middle	17.3	17.1	16.7
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	17.8	17.7	16.8
	Wealth quintile : Highest	19.5	19.3	18.4
Infant mortality rate	Total	32	46	48	64	78
	Residence : Urban	32	38	37	50	61
	Residence : Rural	47	55	64	79	95
	Education : No education	50	62	69	85	98
	Education : Primary	39	53	58	61	80
	Education : Secondary	30	37	31	42	58
	Education : Higher	17	31	12	9	15
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	46	60	67	81	96
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	26	36	29	39	53
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	50	61	71	86	96
	Wealth quintile : Second	45	56	62	88	107
	Wealth quintile : Middle	42	55	70	77	104
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	31	53	51	73	85
	Wealth quintile : Highest	20	32	40	53	64
	Region : Eastern	33	47	45	78	79
	Region : Central	38	52	52	77	86
	Region : Western	36	53	56	60	84
	Region : Midwestern	42	58	97	73	115
	Region : Farwestern	58	65	74	112	124
	Region : Province 1	31
	Region : Province 2	43
	Region : Province 3	29
	Region : Province 4	23
	Region : Province 5	42
	Region : Province 6	47
	Region : Province 7	58
	Region : Mountain	57
	Region : Hill	32
	Region : Terai	41
Under-five mortality rate	Total	39	54	61	91	118
	Residence : Urban	39	45	47	66	82
	Residence : Rural	55	64	84	112	143
	Education : No education	60	73	93	121	149
	Education : Primary	43	62	67	74	99
	Education : Secondary	34	41	35	53	65
	Education : Higher	21	32	12	22	25
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	54	70	88	114	144
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	30	40	32	50	61
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	62	75	98	130	156
	Wealth quintile : Second	54	66	83	125	164
	Wealth quintile : Middle	46	64	91	104	155
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	36	59	63	97	118
	Wealth quintile : Highest	24	36	47	68	83
	Region : Eastern	40	55	60	105	113
	Region : Central	46	60	68	111	138
	Region : Western	39	57	73	84	119
	Region : Midwestern	50	73	122	111	178
	Region : Farwestern	69	82	100	149	179
	Region : Province 1	36
	Region : Province 2	52
	Region : Province 3	36
	Region : Province 4	27
	Region : Province 5	45
	Region : Province 6	58
	Region : Province 7	69
	Region : Mountain	63
	Region : Hill	38
	Region : Terai	49
Pregnancy-related mortality ratio	Total	259 (CI: 151 -366)		281 (CI: 178 -384)		543 (CI: 397 -688)
Maternal mortality ratio	Total	239 (CI: 134 -345)
Place of delivery: Health facility	Total	62.3	40.6	19.1	9.8	7.6
	Residence : Urban	72.7	77.2	50.1	46.2	43.8
	Residence : Rural	50.4	36.9	14.9	7.5	5.1
	Education : No education	43.2	24.2	8.1	4.6	3.8
	Education : Primary	52.8	36.5	19.5	12.5	10.7
	Education : Secondary	73	59.3	39.7	33.5	31.8
	Education : Higher	89.7	83.5	80.8	59.6	72.2
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	47	28	10.9	5.9	4.7
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	78.1	63.6	44.3	36	36.5
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	38.7	13.9	4.6	2.6	1.7
	Wealth quintile : Second	52.9	28.4	9.7	3.1	3.5
	Wealth quintile : Middle	65.7	43.4	12.9	5.7	4.8
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	73.2	56.2	24.7	10.6	6.2
	Wealth quintile : Highest	90.3	84.1	57.6	39.2	29.9
	Region : Eastern	64.1	47.7	17.6	11.4	7.2
	Region : Central	58.9	39.1	26.4	12.4	11.3
	Region : Western	66.2	43.1	19.3	10.3	7.4
	Region : Midwestern	56.1	34.8	15.1	3.6	2.7
	Region : Farwestern	73.6	33.9	9.1	6.6	3.9
	Region : Province 1	63.5
	Region : Province 2	52.6
	Region : Province 3	72.5
	Region : Province 4	72.9
	Region : Province 5	64.9
	Region : Province 6	40.6
	Region : Province 7	73.6
	Region : Mountain	44.7
	Region : Hill	64.8
	Region : Terai	62.9
	Total	57.4	35.3	17.7	9
	Residence : Urban	68.6	71.3	47.8	44.6
	Residence : Rural	44.2	31.6	13.5	6.6
	Education : No education	36.4	19.3	7.9	4.2
	Education : Primary	49.2	31.5	18.9	12
	Education : Secondary	71.5	56.7	40	33.3
	Education : Higher	89	81.3	77.6	63.5
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	41.1	22.9	10.4	5.4
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	76.7	60.8	44.1	35.8
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	33.9	11.4	4.3	2.3
	Wealth quintile : Second	46.6	23.3	9.3	3
	Wealth quintile : Middle	57.6	35.4	11.9	5.5
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	69.5	51.9	21.7	9
	Wealth quintile : Highest	89.6	77.9	55	36.5
	Region : Eastern	61.4	39.6	16.6	9.7
	Region : Central	53.5	35.7	24.2	11.7
	Region : Western	61.7	38	17.4	9.4
	Region : Midwestern	49.7	29.1	13.6	3.8
	Region : Farwestern	66.4	29	8.5	6.1
	Region : Province 1	62.2
	Region : Province 2	44.6
	Region : Province 3	70.7
	Region : Province 4	68.3
	Region : Province 5	59.4
	Region : Province 6	35.6
	Region : Province 7	66.4
	Region : Mountain	41.7
	Region : Hill	61
	Region : Terai	56.9
Received all 8 basic vaccinations	Total	77.8	87	82.8	65.6	43.3
	Residence : Urban	78.5	90	86.3	74.9	71.1
	Residence : Rural	77	86.6	82.4	65	41.5
	Education : No education	67.8	78.1	74.3	57	38.1
	Education : Primary	75.8	94.6	88.2	83.2	56
	Education : Secondary	81.5	93.6	97.8	89	73.2
	Education : Higher	94.1	96.4	100
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	71	83.2	77.8	61.5	40.1
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	85.1	94.1	98.1	90	74.9
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	76.6	84.5	68	54.2	32.4
	Wealth quintile : Second	77.2	83.9	82.4	62.4	34.6
	Wealth quintile : Middle	70.9	84	87.1	64.5	40.8
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	84.8	91.5	90.7	74.7	51
	Wealth quintile : Highest	81.6	95.7	93.5	81.6	71.1
	Region : Eastern	80.6	87.7	86.2	73.8	45.2
	Region : Central	71.1	83.1	78.3	60	43.2
	Region : Western	83.1	91.2	88.9	64.8	51
	Region : Midwestern	78.6	84.7	80.8	69.9	39
	Region : Farwestern	83.4	93.7	80.5	59.7	32.5
	Region : Province 1	79.4
	Region : Province 2	65.2
	Region : Province 3	85.3
	Region : Province 4	92.7
	Region : Province 5	78.3
	Region : Province 6	74.9
	Region : Province 7	83.4
	Region : Mountain	74.1
	Region : Hill	88
	Region : Terai	71.3
Treatment of diarrhea: Either ORS or RHF	Total	57.7	43.4	28.2	30.7	28.6
	Residence : Urban	58	46.6	28.8	37.7	46.2
	Residence : Rural	57.3	43.1	28.1	30.3	27.6
	Education : No education	54.4	44.1	22	27.3	25.8
	Education : Primary	51.7	37.5	28.5	37.4	40.5
	Education : Secondary	57.5	47	38.3	44.5	42
	Education : Higher	76.5	40.6
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	53.3	42.1	23.6	28.8	27.6
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	64.2	46.1	41.7	47.1	41.7
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	54.2	43.9	17.6	25.1	22
	Wealth quintile : Second	48.9	40.2	24.8	26.4	25.9
	Wealth quintile : Middle	59.2	39.8	30.6	30	32.7
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	62.8	55.3	36.7	37.7	26.9
	Wealth quintile : Highest	65.2	38.4	37.5	43.4	48.1
	Region : Eastern	58.8	49.1	31.2	36.1	35.7
	Region : Central	56.1	41.7	25.2	26.1	29.1
	Region : Western	61.7	36	25.9	30.9	26.8
	Region : Midwestern	63.7	49.6	35.3	28.4	25.3
	Region : Farwestern	41.7	43.1	28.4	35	25
	Region : Province 1	58.7
	Region : Province 2	55.2
	Region : Province 3	57.8
	Region : Province 5	57.6
	Region : Province 6	82.4
	Region : Province 7	41.7
	Region : Hill	53.6
	Region : Terai	58.9
	Total	61.3	44.9	29.3	32.2
	Residence : Urban	61.1	48.7	29.3	45.6
	Residence : Rural	61.6	44.5	29.3	31.4
	Education : No education	56.3	44.8	24	29.1
	Education : Primary	56.7	39.6	26	39
	Education : Secondary	61	48.5	41.7	44.8
	Education : Higher	83	48.1
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	56.4	43.3	24.5	30.6
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	68.7	48.4	45	46.9
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	55.5	46.5	17.9	26.6
	Wealth quintile : Second	53.1	42.9	29.3	26.8
	Wealth quintile : Middle	63.5	39.1	29.9	32.3
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	63.1	56.7	38.3	38.1
	Wealth quintile : Highest	74.1	41.6	39.6	47.7
	Region : Eastern	61.2	52.7	30.8	38.7
	Region : Central	59.6	39.7	27	27.2
	Region : Western	64.2	38.6	25.7	33.8
	Region : Midwestern	68.9	52.3	37.9	27.5
	Region : Farwestern	50.9	49.1	31.1	35.5
	Region : Province 1	61.6
	Region : Province 2	56.4
	Region : Province 3	64.7
	Region : Province 5	60.7
	Region : Province 6	84.8
	Region : Province 7	50.9
	Region : Hill	60.9
	Region : Terai	60.7
Children stunted	Total	35.8	40.5	49.3	57.2	56.6
	Residence : Urban	32	26.7	36.3	42.7	45.6
	Residence : Rural	40.2	41.8	51.1	58.2	57.3
	Education : No education	45.7	47.6	57.7	61.5	60.5
	Education : Primary	36.7	40.6	46.3	50.5	48.7
	Education : Secondary	30	30.6	29.7	41.7	35
	Education : Higher	21.1	22.8	16	34.8	18.4
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	42.5	45.6	55.1	59.7	58.9
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	27.4	29.4	28.2	39.7	33.3
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	49.2	56	61.6	67.6	64.5
	Wealth quintile : Second	38.7	45.7	54.9	61.3	61
	Wealth quintile : Middle	35.7	34.5	50.4	54.3	58.1
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	32.4	30.5	39.8	53.1	52.2
	Wealth quintile : Highest	16.5	25.8	31	42.1	39.8
	Region : Eastern	32.6	37	40.2	50.8	46.9
	Region : Central	34.7	38.2	50	58.5	59.2
	Region : Western	37.5	37.4	50.4	57.5	59.6
	Region : Midwestern	42	50.3	57.9	62	56.8
	Region : Farwestern	35.9	46.4	52.5	59.9	60.7
	Region : Province 1	32.6
	Region : Province 2	37
	Region : Province 3	29.4
	Region : Province 4	28.9
	Region : Province 5	38.5
	Region : Province 6	54.5
	Region : Province 7	35.9
	Region : Mountain	46.8
	Region : Hill	32.3
	Region : Terai	36.7
Children wasted	Total	9.6	10.9	12.6	11.2	14.8
	Residence : Urban	9.2	8.2	7.5	9	9.2
	Residence : Rural	10	11.2	13.3	11.4	15.1
	Education : No education	12.3	13.3	14.6	12.8	16
	Education : Primary	8.9	11.3	8.4	9.3	10.8
	Education : Secondary	8.5	6.4	11.4	6.1	9.5
	Education : Higher	7.2	11.5	7.9	2.8	7.1
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	11.1	12.7	13.2	12.2	15.3
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	8.1	7.2	11	5.1	9.3
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	8.6	12.5	11.5	12.7	15.7
	Wealth quintile : Second	9.1	10.7	15.1	13	16.9
	Wealth quintile : Middle	10.6	12.9	15.2	12.1	17.5
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	11.3	8.8	12.8	9.7	14.5
	Wealth quintile : Highest	7.3	7.4	7	6.9	6.5
	Region : Eastern	13.1	10.2	10	8.8	12.9
	Region : Central	9.8	11.6	13.8	15.5	14.6
	Region : Western	6	10.4	10.9	8.1	12.7
	Region : Midwestern	8.6	11.3	11.6	8.9	17.6
	Region : Farwestern	9.2	10.9	16.7	12.6	19.2
	Region : Province 1	11.8
	Region : Province 2	14.3
	Region : Province 3	4.2
	Region : Province 4	5.8
	Region : Province 5	7.6
	Region : Province 6	7.2
	Region : Province 7	9.2
	Region : Mountain	6.1
	Region : Hill	6.3
	Region : Terai	12.1
Children underweight	Total	27	28.8	38.6	42.7	42.3
	Residence : Urban	23.4	16.5	23.2	27.9	24.6
	Residence : Rural	31.1	30	40.7	43.8	43.5
	Education : No education	36.7	38.4	46.6	47.8	46.5
	Education : Primary	28	26.1	31.1	34.5	30.9
	Education : Secondary	21.3	18.1	24	25.8	22.3
	Education : Higher	13.7	8.6	11.3	19.6	8.5
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	33.5	34.8	43	45.6	44.5
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	19	16.5	22.6	23.9	20.9
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	32.9	40.3	47	51.3	49.8
	Wealth quintile : Second	28.1	31.6	45.9	47	47.1
	Wealth quintile : Middle	33	28.8	41.7	44.6	46.4
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	23.5	22.9	31	37.5	38.4
	Wealth quintile : Highest	11.4	10.1	18.9	25.2	21.4
	Region : Eastern	26.5	25.4	32.8	36.3	35.3
	Region : Central	28	29.5	38.3	46.7	44.5
	Region : Western	23.7	23.2	38.6	38.7	40.9
	Region : Midwestern	29.1	36.9	43.4	45.6	43.5
	Region : Farwestern	28.2	32.6	43.7	47.6	50.3
	Region : Province 1	24.5
	Region : Province 2	36.6
	Region : Province 3	13.4
	Region : Province 4	14.9
	Region : Province 5	27.2
	Region : Province 6	35.5
	Region : Province 7	28.2
	Region : Mountain	28.5
	Region : Hill	18.1
	Region : Terai	32.5
Median duration of exclusive breastfeeding	Total	4.2	4.3	2.5	4.1	4.7
	Residence : Urban	3.9	3.4	2.2	0.8	3.9
	Residence : Rural	4.5	4.3	2.6	4.3	4.8
	Education : No education	4.3	5.2	2.5	4.6	5
	Education : Primary	4.5	4.7	3.7	3	4.8
	Education : Secondary	3.8	3.3	2.2	2.6	3.2
	Education : Higher	4.4	2.8	1.4	4.1	3.7
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	4.4	5	2.9	4.3	5
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	4	3.2	2.1	2.7	3.3
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	4.9	4.6	3.6	4.5	5.3
	Wealth quintile : Second	3.7	4.6	2.4	3.4	4.8
	Wealth quintile : Middle	4.5	4.7	2.8	4.6	5.5
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	3.7	4.3	2.2	5	4.4
	Wealth quintile : Highest	3.6	2.3	1.8	2.4	3.7
	Region : Eastern	3.5	3.6	2.3	3.8	4.4
	Region : Central	3.6	4.8	2.2	4.3	4.7
	Region : Western	4.9	3.6	3.2	3.4	4.2
	Region : Midwestern	4.9	4	3.4	4.9	5.4
	Region : Farwestern	5.2	5.5	3.1	3.7	5.6
	Region : Province 1	3.3
	Region : Province 2	3.7
	Region : Province 3	3.6
	Region : Province 4	4.6
	Region : Province 5	4.9
	Region : Province 6	5.4
	Region : Province 7	5.2
	Region : Mountain	4.7
	Region : Hill	4
	Region : Terai	4.2
Women receiving an HIV test and receiving test results in the last 12 months	Residence : Urban	4.7	3.9
	Residence : Rural	3.4	2.7
	Education : No education	1.9	1.7
	Education : Primary	2.8	2.3
	Education : Secondary	5.1	3.4
	Education : Higher	9.1	7.9
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	2.2	1.9
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	6.3	4.2
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	3.5	2.8
	Wealth quintile : Second	3.3	1.9
	Wealth quintile : Middle	3.3	1.8
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	4.2	3.5
	Wealth quintile : Highest	6.7	4.2
	Total 15-49	4.3	2.9
	Region : Eastern	2.9	2.3
	Region : Central	3.5	1.9
	Region : Western	4.9	2.7
	Region : Midwestern	4.7	4.4
	Region : Farwestern	8.9	6.4
	Region : Province 1	3.3
	Region : Province 2	1.3
	Region : Province 3	5
	Region : Province 4	4.3
	Region : Province 5	5.8
	Region : Province 6	2.9
	Region : Province 7	8.9
	Region : Mountain	3.1
	Region : Hill	5.3
	Region : Terai	3.5
Men receiving an HIV test and receiving test results in the last 12 months	Total	8.1	7.5
	Residence : Urban	8.5	9.7
	Residence : Rural	7.2	7
	Education : No education	3.9	1.9
	Education : Primary	5.8	3.6
	Education : Secondary	9.6	9.7
	Education : Higher	8.5	10.1
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	5.2	2.9
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	9.3	9.8
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	5.3	3.9
	Wealth quintile : Second	3.5	3.5
	Wealth quintile : Middle	9.2	7.9
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	10.6	9
	Wealth quintile : Highest	9.7	10.4
	Total 15-49	8.1	7.5
	Region : Eastern	9.6	7.7
	Region : Central	8.4	7.3
	Region : Western	6	8.4
	Region : Midwestern	6.1	6.6
	Region : Farwestern	10	6.7
	Region : Province 1	8
	Region : Province 2	11.2
	Region : Province 3	7.6
	Region : Province 4	6.3
	Region : Province 5	6
	Region : Province 6	5.4
	Region : Province 7	10
	Region : Mountain	9
	Region : Hill	7.9
	Region : Terai	8.1
Physical or sexual violence committed by husband/partner	Residence : Urban	23.4	25.4
	Residence : Rural	25.6	29.1
	Education : No education	32.1	36.1
	Education : Primary	26.4	24.1
	Education : Secondary	16.2	19.7
	Education : Higher	11.9	15.3
	Education (2 groups) : No education or primary	30.4	32.8
	Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher	14.9	18.8
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	22.7	30.4
	Wealth quintile : Second	26.5	31.3
	Wealth quintile : Middle	29.5	35.8
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	24.9	28.6
	Wealth quintile : Highest	17.1	16.5
	Total 15-49	24.3	28.2
	Region : Eastern	23.9	32.2
	Region : Central	28.6	28.8
	Region : Western	19.5	20.3
	Region : Midwestern	23.6	31.5
	Region : Farwestern	20.2	23.8
	Region : Province 1	20.4
	Region : Province 2	35.2
	Region : Province 3	22.6
	Region : Province 4	13.1
	Region : Province 5	26.9
	Region : Province 6	17.7
	Region : Province 7	20.2
	Region : Mountain	16.2
	Region : Hill	17.9
	Region : Terai	30.6
Women with secondary or higher education	Residence : Urban	56.8	63.7	52.1	37.9	36.5
	Residence : Rural	38.6	39.2	25.1	10.6	6.5
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	33.4	16.4	12.4	3.8	1.4
	Wealth quintile : Second	41.9	26.7	15.9	4.8	2.3
	Wealth quintile : Middle	39.1	35.3	19.5	7.4	4.3
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	53.1	51.4	35.6	12.4	9
	Wealth quintile : Highest	77.2	74.6	59	39	30
	Total 15-49	50	42.8	29.3	13.2	9
	Region : Eastern	51.4	50.3	32.7	16.5	11.5
	Region : Central	47.3	39	27.4	11.5	9.7
	Region : Western	57.1	48.1	35.9	18.1	10
	Region : Midwestern	46	35.6	25	9.2	5.8
	Region : Farwestern	46.9	34.2	22.9	6.3	3.7
	Region : Province 1	56.6
	Region : Province 2	29.3
	Region : Province 3	61.1
	Region : Province 4	61.7
	Region : Province 5	50.2
	Region : Province 6	45.4
	Region : Province 7	46.9
	Region : Mountain	44.4
	Region : Hill	57.8
	Region : Terai	44
Women who are literate	Residence : Urban	75.2	82.8	75.8	64
	Residence : Rural	58.8	64	50.6	32.2
	Wealth quintile : Lowest	58.7	44.1	36.7	20.6
	Wealth quintile : Second	63.5	52.9	42.6	23.2
	Wealth quintile : Middle	58.9	60.9	45.9	28
	Wealth quintile : Fourth	70.4	76.5	62	37.4
	Wealth quintile : Highest	90.4	91	81.4	69.1
	Total 15-49	69.1	66.7	54.5	35.3
	Region : Eastern	67.9	71.9	55.9	38.1
	Region : Central	64.5	59.6	50.5	27.9
	Region : Western	78.1	77	64.6	50.9
	Region : Midwestern	71.6	62.2	54.7	32.4
	Region : Farwestern	67	61.2	48.1	24.4
	Region : Province 1	77.7
	Region : Province 2	38.5
	Region : Province 3	82
	Region : Province 4	86.4
	Region : Province 5	72.6
	Region : Province 6	66.2
	Region : Province 7	67
	Region : Mountain	64.3
	Region : Hill	80.8
	Region : Terai	59.8
Households with electricity	Total	90.5	76.3	51.2	24.6	17.9
	Residence : Urban	94.2	97	90.1	85.7	78.4
	Residence : Rural	84.5	72.9	43.2	17.4	12.1
	Region : Eastern	90.3	80	48.8	27.8	15.2
	Region : Central	95	76.8	58.1	29.1	28.5
	Region : Western	94.1	86.1	61.3	30.2	16.7
	Region : Midwestern	75.1	58.6	47	7.6	7
	Region : Farwestern	85.2	63.6	21.3	11.5	4.4
	Region : Province 1	90.3
	Region : Province 2	89.9
	Region : Province 3	97.9
	Region : Province 4	95.6
	Region : Province 5	88.2
	Region : Province 6	67.5
	Region : Province 7	85.2
	Region : Mountain	84.6
	Region : Hill	91.2
	Region : Terai	90.7

Total fertility rate 15-49	Total fertility rate for the three years preceding the survey for age group 15-49 expressed per woman
Married women currently using any method of contraception	Percentage of currently married or in union women currently using any method of contraception
Married women currently using any modern method of contraception	Percentage of currently married or in union women currently using any modern method of contraception
Unmet need for family planning	Percentage of currently married or in union women with an unmet need for family planning
Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods	Percentage of demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods is calculated as the number of currently married women using modern methods of family planning divided by the number of currently married women with demand for family planning (either with unmet need or currently using any family planning)
Median age at first marriage [Women]: 25-49	Median age at first marriage or union in years among women age 25-49
Median age at first sexual intercourse [Women]: 25-49	Median age at first sexual intercourse in years among women age 25-49
Infant mortality rate	Probability of dying before the first birthday (in the ten years preceding the survey [five years for Total]) per 1,000 live births
Under-five mortality rate	Probability of dying before the fifth birthday (in the ten years preceding the survey [five years for Total]) per 1,000 live births
Place of delivery: Health facility	Percentage of live births in the five (or three) years preceding the survey delivered at a health facility
Received all 8 basic vaccinations	Percentage of children 12-23 months who had received all 8 basic vaccinations
Treatment of diarrhea: Either ORS or RHF	Percentage of children born in the five (or three) years preceding the survey with diarrhea in the two weeks preceding the survey who received either oral rehydration solution (ORS) or recommended home fluids (RHF)
Children stunted	Percentage of children stunted (below -2 SD of height for age according to the WHO standard)
Children wasted	Percentage of children wasted (below -2 SD of weight for height according to the WHO standard)
Children underweight	Percentage of children underweight (below -2 SD of weight for age according to the WHO standard)
Median duration of exclusive breastfeeding	Median duration of exclusive breastfeeding (months)
Children under 5 who slept under an insecticide-treated net (ITN)	Percentage of children under age five who slept under an insecticide treated net (ITN) the night before the survey
HIV prevalence among women	Percentage HIV positive among adult women who were tested. Data are shown with lower and upper bounds of the confidence intervals showing the range of the estimate with 95% probability. Starting around 2015 The DHS Program changed the HIV testing algorithm to add a confirmatory test for all EIA positive specimens. This change may affect trends in HIV prevalence estimates in some countries.
HIV prevalence among men	Percentage HIV positive among adult men who were tested. Data are shown with lower and upper bounds of the confidence intervals showing the range of the estimate with 95% probability. Starting around 2015 The DHS Program changed the HIV testing algorithm to add a confirmatory test for all EIA positive specimens. This change may affect trends in HIV prevalence estimates in some countries.
HIV prevalence among general population	Percentage HIV positive among adult respondents who were tested. Data are shown with lower and upper bounds of the confidence intervals showing the range of the estimate with 95% probability. Starting around 2015 The DHS Program changed the HIV testing algorithm to add a confirmatory test for all EIA positive specimens. This change may affect trends in HIV prevalence estimates in some countries.
Women receiving an HIV test and receiving test results in the last 12 months	Percentage of women who received an HIV test in the 12 months preceding the interview and received the test results
Men receiving an HIV test and receiving test results in the last 12 months	Percentage of men who received an HIV test in the 12 months preceding the interview and received the test results
Pregnancy-related mortality ratio	Pregnancy-related mortality ratio for the seven years preceding the survey expressed per 1,000 women-years of exposure. Pregnancy-related deaths are deaths during pregnancy, delivery and in the two months following delivery, including deaths due to accidents or violence
Maternal mortality ratio	Maternal mortality ratio for the seven years preceding the survey expressed per 100,000 live births, calculated as the age-adjusted maternal mortality rate times 100 divided by the age-adjusted general fertility rate. Maternal deaths are deaths to adult females during pregnancy, delivery or in the 42 days following delivery, excluding those due to accidents or violence.
Women circumcised (FGC)	Percentage of women circumcised (women who experienced female genital cutting (FGM))
Physical or sexual violence committed by husband/partner	Percentage of ever married women who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence committed by their husband or partner
Women who are literate	Percentage of women who are literate
Women with secondary or higher education	Percentage of women with secondary or higher education
Households with electricity	Percentage of households with electricity
ICF International, 2015. The DHS Program STATcompiler. Funded by USAID. https://www.statcompiler.com. November 13 2017

September 18, 2018 1 comment

Activities Conference Public Health Public Health Events Tobacco Control

APACT 12th Youth Vision: Choose Youth Not Tobacco!

by Public Health Update September 14, 2018

written by Public Health Update

APACT 12th Youth Vision: Choose Youth Not Tobacco!

The Twelfth Asia Pacific Conference on Tobacco or Health, Bali, Indonesia, 13th September 2018

We, the youth of the twelfth Asia Pacific Conference on Tobacco or Health, are one hundred percent
committed to end tobacco to achieve Sustainable Development Goals, or the SDGs. A new era,
where youth take the baton of leadership in tobacco control, has begun.
Globally, more than seven million people’s lives, end prematurely due to smoking. One billion men
and women ages fifteen an older smoke. Some of them are exposed to smoking in their homes
and at public places. Each and every one of these deaths, causes immense pain and suffering.
Now/ imagine that we could turn back time to before the tobacco industry had influence and control
in our communities and our countries’ policies and prevent these problems. If cigarettes are
expensive, if advertising and sponsorship were banned, if we had clean air to breathe everywhere.
We cannot turn back time, but we can prevent future unnecessary deaths. We can protect children
from tobacco products and their advertising.
When youth become the target of this irresponsible action, then we must come forward, as the
champion/ of a new wave of change. We come to APACT with our inquisitiveness, passion, and
energy. We implore policymakers, all sectors of government, civil society members, and other
stakeholders, to recognize that holding the tobacco industry accountable, is non-negotiable. The
industry must be held responsible/ for every damaging action they have done/ every dollar they
invested to destroy each and every life. We call for bolder action/ in pursuit of the following goals.

Build healthier lives, and tobacco-free generation for the future.
Encourage stronger commitment from high-level decision makers, to end tobacco’s
favouritism, in countries’ policy agendas by meaningful implementation of FCTC.
Enforce smart fiscal policies like tobacco taxes that will prevent vulnerable groups and
children from starting to smoke and the consequences from smoking.
Support strengthen and mobilize youth voices and civil society movement toward
impactful campaign.

As Big Tobacco’s target, we the youth of the Asia Pacific region/ stand up and call for the right/ to
breathe fresh air/ not smoke, and not be exposed to tobacco advertising. The fate of the SDGs in
2030, will depend on the quality of life, and health of youth today. We urge policy makers and
community leaders to acknowledge the importance of meaningful involvement of youth in tobacco
control policy-making to achieve the SDGs. We are not the leaders of tomorrow, we are the leaders
of today. We will continue the important work to end tobacco’s harm in our communities in our
countries, and in the Asia-Pacific region.
Together, we can make a tobacco-free world.