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Massive open online course on implementation research
CoursesImplementation ResearchInternational Jobs & OpportunitiesOnline CoursesOpportunities by RegionPublic Health OpportunitiesPublic Health Opportunity

Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on Implementation Research (IR): Registration Open!

by Public Health Update October 10, 2024
written by Public Health Update

Implementation Research (IR) is important for designing strategies or solutions to overcome bottlenecks that prevent proven and innovative public health interventions from reaching the people who need them. This ensures that these interventions are used in a manner that results in the outcome for which they were intended. Such solutions include how to overcome barriers to adoption of drugs, diagnostics or preventive measures that improve health for people at risk of malaria, tuberculosis, NTDs or other infectious diseases. IR can help to ensure that health solutions reach the people who need them and are used in ways that generate intended results.

This Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) is a step-by-step online training that will introduce you to designing robust IR projects. You will have access to leading world experts who will take you through the core concepts of IR, including how to: identify the challenges of various health settings; assess the appropriateness of existing strategies; develop new interventions and strategies by working with communities and stakeholders; specify your IR questions; and design rigorous research projects. You will learn how to identify IR outcomes, evaluate effectiveness, and make plans to scale up implementation.

This free massive open online course (MOOC) is a step-by-step online training for public health researchers and decision-makers, disease control programme personnel, academics and others, that focuses on how to design and demonstrate robust implementation research (IR) projects to improve control of infectious diseases of poverty and generate better health outcomes. The MOOC now includes a new module on incorporating an intersectional gender perspective in IR.

This course is open to all applicants. No technical or scientific background is required, though a health background would be an advantage.

Language: English with subtitles in English, French and Spanish

The course starts on 14 October 2024.

Interested participants are invited to register by October 25. You will be able to access the course materials starting October 14.

Access the course flyer here.

To register, please follow this link.

For further inquiries, please send an email to the following e-mail address:
training-pkt.fkkmk@ugm.ac.id  

Find out more about MOOC.

  • Programme Implementation Guidelines for local levels (2082/083)
  • Call for Experts! Technical Advisory Group on Leprosy
  • Call for Experts: WHO SEA Region Strategic Advisory Group on Prevention and Control of NCDs
  • World Breastfeeding Week 2025: Invest in breastfeeding, invest in the future!
  • Handbook on Breastfeeding (For Pregnant Women and Lactating Mother)
October 10, 2024 0 comments
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HPV vaccine
Global Health NewsPublic Health NewsPublic Health UpdateVaccine Preventable DiseasesWorld News

WHO adds an HPV vaccine for single-dose use

by Public Health Update October 6, 2024
written by Public Health Update

4 October 2024 : WHO announced that a fourth WHO-prequalified human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine product, Cecolin® has been confirmed for use in a single-dose schedule. The decision is made based on new data on the product that fulfilled the criteria set out in the WHO’s 2022 recommendations for alternative, off-label use of HPV vaccines in single-dose schedules. This important milestone will contribute to improving sustainable supply of HPV vaccines—allowing more girls to be reached with the vaccines that prevent cervical cancer.

“Unlike most other cancers, we have the ability to eliminate cervical cancer, along with its painful inequities,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “By adding another option for a one-dose HPV vaccination schedule, we have taken another step closer to consigning cervical cancer to history.”

More than 95% of the 660 000 cervical cancer cases occurring globally each year are caused by HPV. Every two minutes, a woman dies from this preventable disease globally, and 90% of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Of the 20 hardest hit countries by cervical cancer 19 are in Africa.

HPV vaccine introductions have been hampered by global supply shortages since 2018 and production challenges encountered by one of the manufacturers earlier this year led to further shortfalls, potentially impacting millions of girls in need of HPV vaccines in Africa and Asia.

“Having 90% of girls fully vaccinated with the HPV vaccine by 15 years of age is the target for the first pillar of the WHO global strategy for cervical cancer elimination,” said Dr Kate O’Brien, Director of the Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals at WHO. “Given the continuing supply challenges, this addition of single-dose vaccine product means countries will have greater choice of vaccines to reach more girls.”

A growing number of vaccine products initially prequalified for use in a 2-dose schedule can now be used in a single-dose schedule. The single-dose use indication for this additional vaccine, Cecolin®, is incorporated into the second edition of WHO’s technical document on considerations for HPV vaccine product choice (reflected in Table 4 of this document). Like for other medications and vaccines, when there is data to support modified use, guided by a clear public health benefit, public health advisory bodies can recommend “off-label” use, until a manufacturer adds this modified use to their label.

Global data released on 15 July 2024 indicates that the one dose HPV vaccine coverage among girls aged 9-14 years increased from 20% in 2022 to 27% in 2023. In 2023, 37 countries were implementing the single-dose schedule. As of 10 September 2024, 57 countries are implementing the single-dose schedule.  WHO estimates that the single-dose schedule adoption has resulted in at least 6 million additional girls being reached with HPV vaccines in 2023.

Earlier this year, countries and partners committed nearly US$ 600 million in new funding towards elimination of cervical cancer. Funding includes US$ 180 million from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, US$ 10 million from UNICEF, and US$ 400 million from the World Bank. Together with the strong continuing commitment by Gavi, these investments will help to accelerate introductions and boost coverage of HPV vaccine among girls by 2030.

WHO News release


  • Programme Implementation Guidelines for local levels (2082/083)
  • Call for Experts! Technical Advisory Group on Leprosy
  • Call for Experts: WHO SEA Region Strategic Advisory Group on Prevention and Control of NCDs
  • World Breastfeeding Week 2025: Invest in breastfeeding, invest in the future!
  • Handbook on Breastfeeding (For Pregnant Women and Lactating Mother)
October 6, 2024 0 comments
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Global Health NewsInternational Plan, Policy & GuidelinesPublic HealthPublic Health NewsPublic Health UpdateVector-Borne Diseases(VBDs)World News

WHO launches global strategic plan to fight rising dengue and other Aedes-borne arboviral diseases

by Public Health Update October 3, 2024
written by Public Health Update

3 October 2024

Today, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global Strategic Preparedness, Readiness and Response Plan (SPRP) to tackle dengue and other Aedes-borne arboviruses. The Plan aims at reducing the burden of disease, suffering and deaths from dengue and other Aedes-borne arboviral diseases such as Zika and chikungunya, by fostering a global coordinated response.  

The Plan outlines priority actions to control transmission and offers recommendations to affected countries across various sectors, including disease surveillance, laboratory activities, vector control, community engagement, clinical management, and research and development, through a whole-of-society and regional approach. 

An estimated four billion people are at risk of infection from arboviruses around the world, and this number is estimated to increase to 5 billion by 2050. Dengue cases have surged across all six WHO regions, and the number of cases has approximately doubled each year since 2021, with over 12.3 million cases as of the end of August this year – almost double the 6.5 million cases reported in all of 2023.  

Dengue is endemic in tropical and subtropical climates, particularly in South-East Asia, the Western Pacific and the Americas. The situation is equally concerning in Africa, where countries are battling multiple diseases amid conflict and natural disasters, placing additional strain on already fragile health systems. In December 2023, WHO graded the current global dengue upsurge as grade 3, the highest level of emergency for WHO, to support countries to strengthen their surveillance capacities and implement response activities. 

“The rapid spread of dengue and other arboviral diseases in recent years is an alarming trend that demands a coordinated response across sectors and across borders,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “From maintaining clean environments to supporting vector control and seeking and providing timely medical care, everyone has a role to play in the fight against dengue. This plan is a roadmap to turn the tide against this disease and other Aedes-borne arboviral diseases, protect vulnerable populations and pave the way for a healthier future.” 

Factors such as unplanned urbanization and poor water, sanitation and hygiene practices, climate change and international travel, are facilitating the rapid geographical spread of dengue. The disease is now endemic in more than 130 countries. Similar trends are also observed for other arboviral diseases, such as Zika, chikungunya and more recently the Oropouche virus disease, especially in the Americas. This global escalation underscores the urgent need for a robust strategy to mitigate risks and safeguard populations.  

The SPRP comprises five key components essential for a successful outbreak response:  

  1. Emergency coordination: Establishing leadership and coordination activities; 
  2. Collaborative surveillance: Developing and using tools for early detection and control of dengue and other Aedes-borne outbreaks, including strengthened indicator and event-based surveillance, epidemiological analysis, laboratory diagnostics, and field investigations; 
  3. Community protection: Engaging communities through active dialogue and local adaptation of prevention and response measures, including mosquito population control; 
  4. Safe and scalable care: Ensuring effective clinical management and resilient health services to ensure patients can receive adequate care and prevent illness and death; and 
  5. Access to countermeasures: Promoting research and innovation for improved treatments and effective vaccines against these diseases.

The Plan will be implemented over one year until September 2025, and requires US$ 55 million to support health preparedness, readiness and response efforts. It is aligned with the Global Vector Control Response 2017-2030, a global strategy to strengthen vector control worldwide, and the Global Arbovirus Initiative, launched in 2022, which focuses on tackling mosquito-borne arboviruses with epidemic potential.  

The SPRP is a call to action for all stakeholders – from government agencies and health-care providers to communities and individuals – to join forces in the fight against dengue and other Aedes-borne arboviruses, through innovation, new technologies and improved vector control strategies. 

Download: Global strategic preparedness, readiness and response plan for dengue and other Aedes-borne arboviruses

  • Programme Implementation Guidelines for local levels (2082/083)
  • Call for Experts! Technical Advisory Group on Leprosy
  • Call for Experts: WHO SEA Region Strategic Advisory Group on Prevention and Control of NCDs
  • World Breastfeeding Week 2025: Invest in breastfeeding, invest in the future!
  • Handbook on Breastfeeding (For Pregnant Women and Lactating Mother)
October 3, 2024 0 comments
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DHS Program
Grants and Funding OpportunitiesInternational Jobs & OpportunitiesOpportunities by RegionPublic Health OpportunitiesPublic Health OpportunitySouth-East Asia RegionTraining

The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Fellows Program 2025

by Public Health Update October 3, 2024
written by Public Health Update

The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program is now accepting applications for the 2025 DHS Fellows Program. The DHS Fellows Program, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), is designed to increase the capacity of countries to conduct further analysis of DHS Program data. The primary objectives of the program are:

  • To teach Fellows to analyze and conduct research with DHS Program data.
  • To strengthen skills that Fellows will use to integrate DHS Program data into their teaching.
  • To increase the ability of Fellows to strengthen the capacity of others to use DHS Program data at their home universities.
The 2025 DHS Fellows Program will be a hybrid delivery with virtual elements and two in-person workshops.

Eligibility and Requirements

Applications are accepted from faculty members at universities in:

Angola, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cote d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Gambia, Jordan, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tajikistan

All team members must be based full-time at the home university. Applications must be from teams comprised of two members from the same university who teach and/or conduct research in demography, public health, economics, sociology, or other social sciences. 

Individuals who have already participated in a data analysis workshop conducted by The DHS Program are not eligible, although individuals who have only participated in a Service Provision Assessment (SPA) or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) workshop facilitated by The DHS Program are still eligible to apply. Teams must include one senior faculty member. Both team members must be available to attend two in-person workshops organized by The DHS Program (see anticipated timeline below). In addition, all participants must complete the DHS Dataset User course online before attending the first workshop. This course will take approximately 1-2 days to complete depending on skill level. The most recent statistical software package Stata will be provided for use during the training.

The language for the program is English.

Each team will be expected to jointly complete a publishable-quality manuscript in English on policy-relevant questions that are primarily related to one or more of the following topic areas: sexual and reproductive health, family planning, fertility, maternal, child, and newborn health, malaria, nutrition, early childhood development, child discipline, child labor, gender, or other cross-cutting health issues. Research must use data from the DHS Program surveys.

Teams submitting applications from Angola, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Lesotho, Liberia, Mozambique, Rwanda, Senegal, Cambodia, Jordan, and Tajikistan are particularly encouraged to submit applications using the available data on child discipline, child labor, and early childhood development. 

Completed manuscripts that meet the required standards will be published by The DHS Program in the Working Paper series . Fellows will also be required to submit their completed papers to peer-reviewed journals for publication. In addition, each team will be expected to design and implement a plan for strengthening capacity in the use of DHS Program data for teaching and research at their home universities. Teams are required to report back on the implementation of two capacity-strengthening activities prior to completion of the program.

Anticipated Timeline

November 5, 2024Applications are due
Mid December, 2024Selected candidates are notified
February 1, 2025Fellows complete the Dataset Users Course and submit their certificates
*Feb 26 March 6, 2025First workshop to prepare Fellows to use DHS Program datasets, refine research questions, and begin data analysis
March 31, 2025Fellows submit interim drafts of their papers 
April 21, 2025Fellows submit first report on capacity-strengthening activities 
*May 14 – May 20, 2025Second workshop for Fellows to finalize their papers
June 6, 2025Fellows submit final papers and respond to reviews and edits throughout the publication process. Fellows also submit their policy-oriented presentation
August 8, 2025Fellows submit second report on capacity-strengthening activities and revised policy-oriented presentation
September 9, 2025Fellows submit proof that the working paper was submitted to a peer-reviewed journal

*these are the anticipated dates for the in-person workshops but they will need to be confirmed by end of January 2025.

Awards

Selection of Fellows will be primarily based on the merits of their research proposal and on the applicants’ potential for strengthening the capacity of their home university to use DHS Program data. Additional factors considered will be gender balance and previous experience in data use and statistical analysis.

Each fellow will be awarded a $3,000 honorarium to cover research expenses, travel expenses, and other incidentals which will be paid in installments based upon satisfactory completion of the deliverables. Non-participation in trainings or incomplete submissions will be deducted from this payment. The DHS Program will cover economy airfare from the home institution, lodging with breakfast and lunch only, for each fellow to attend both workshops. Each fellow will be responsible for obtaining a visa to the country where the workshop will be determined after the selection process and all other costs is expected to be covered by the honorarium.

Application Procedure

Each team should submit a single application that contains the following items in pdf format:

  1. A completed team application form 
  2. A brief, original research proposal (3 to 4 pages) with the following sections clearly described 1) introduction and rationale, 2) short literature review and/or conceptual framework on the topic, 3) research question(s), 4) scope of analysis (including how DHS Program data will be used to answer the research questions), and 5) potential policy implications. Use of other data for the analysis will result in rejection of the proposal. We recommend you visit the DHS Program website to find the Final report for the most recent DHS survey in your country. Please check the final report to understand what data is available to answer your research question.
  3. A brief plan for internal capacity strengthening (1 to 2 pages) that describes realistic activities the applicants will undertake at home universities during the fellowship. These activities should enable fellows to pass on knowledge and skills learned through the program to students, faculty, and research colleagues at their home universities. Brief descriptions of each proposed activity should include a summary of the objective, target group, timing, measurement of progress, and outcomes. Two capacity strengthening activities are required, the first should be implemented between March 10 and April 14, 2025, and the second between May 25 and August 1, 2025, to meet the deadlines detailed in the timeline.
  4. In addition, the joint application should include the following from each team member:

a) A curriculum vita with complete contact information, a list of publications, and names and contact information for three references

b) Proof of status as a current faculty member at home university and duration of employment

If selected, each candidate will be asked to provide evidence, such as a letter of approval from their department/university agrees to her/his participation in the fellowship program, including full-time participation in both workshops.

Contact Information

Please send inquiries to The DHS Program, ICF, 530 Gaither Road, Suite 500, Rockville, MD USA 20850. Email: DHSFellows@dhsprogram.com.

READ MORE AND APPLY


  • Programme Implementation Guidelines for local levels (2082/083)
  • Call for Experts! Technical Advisory Group on Leprosy
  • Call for Experts: WHO SEA Region Strategic Advisory Group on Prevention and Control of NCDs
  • World Breastfeeding Week 2025: Invest in breastfeeding, invest in the future!
  • Handbook on Breastfeeding (For Pregnant Women and Lactating Mother)

October 3, 2024 0 comments
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Brazil eliminates lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem
Global Health NewsNeglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)Public Health NewsPublic Health UpdateWorld News

Brazil eliminates lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem

by Public Health Update October 1, 2024
written by Public Health Update

1 October 2024 : The World Health Organization (WHO) congratulates Brazil for having eliminated lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem.

“Eliminating a disease is a momentous accomplishment that takes unwavering commitment,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “I congratulate Brazil for its efforts to free its people of the scourge of this painful, disfiguring, disabling and stigmatizing disease. This is another example of the incredible progress we have made against neglected tropical diseases and gives hope to many other nations still fighting against lymphatic filariasis that they too can eliminate this disease.”

Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is a debilitating parasitic disease spread by mosquitoes. For centuries, this disease has afflicted millions worldwide, causing pain, chronic, severe swelling, serious disability, and social stigmatization.

Effective country-level investments

Over the past few decades, Brazil has implemented integrated actions to eliminate lymphatic filariasis, including the development of a national plan to fight this disease in 1997, the mass distribution of antiparasitic drugs, vector control activities, and strong surveillance, particularly in the most affected areas. With these efforts, the country achieved the end of disease transmission in 2017.

The elimination of lymphatic filariasis was also one of the goals of the Brasil Saudável program, a multisectoral initiative aimed at ending socially determined diseases with a whole-of-government approach and civil society participation, including the involvement of affected people in the implementation of disease control efforts. The programme was launched in February 2024 by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in a ceremony with the participation of Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General and Dr Jarbas Barbosa, Director of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and WHO Regional Director for the Americas. In the post-elimination phase, Brazil, PAHO, and WHO will continue to closely monitor for possible resurgence of infections.

“This milestone is the result of years of dedication, hard work, and collaboration among health workers, researchers, and authorities in Brazil”, said Dr Jarbas Barbosa, PAHO Director and WHO Regional Director for the Americas. “Brazil’s extensive and unified health system, coupled with solid specialized laboratory expertise and robust surveillance were essential to interrupt the chain of transmission, inspiring other countries to advance towards the elimination of lymphatic filariasis and other neglected tropical diseases”.

Global progress

Globally, Brazil joins 19 other countries and territories that have been validated by WHO for having eliminated lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem. These are Malawi and Togo in the African Region; Egypt and Yemen in the Eastern Mediterranean Region; Bangladesh, Maldives, Sri Lanka and Thailand in the South-East Asia Region; and Cambodia, Cook Islands, Kiribati, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Marshall Islands, Niue, Palau, Tonga, Vanuatu, Viet Nam and Wallis and Futuna in the Western Pacific Region.

In the Americas, three endemic countries (Dominican Republic, Guyana, and Haiti) still require mass drug administration to stop transmission and are working to achieve the elimination target.

In addition to being the 20th country to be validated for elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem, Brazil has also become the 53rd country to have eliminated at least one neglected tropical disease, globally.


Elimination of lymphatic filariasis is possible by stopping the spread of the infection through preventive chemotherapy. The WHO-recommended preventive chemotherapy strategy for lymphatic filariasis elimination is mass drug administration (MDA). MDA involves administering an annual dose of medicines to the entire at-risk population. The medicines used have a limited effect on adult parasites but effectively reduce the density of microfilariae in the bloodstream and prevent the spread of parasites to mosquitoes.

In 2023, 657 million people in 39 countries and territories were living in areas that require preventive chemotherapy to stop the spread of infection. In the Americas, Costa Rica, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago were removed from the WHO list of lymphatic filariasis endemic countries in 2011. The 2021–2030 neglected tropical disease road map targets the prevention, control, elimination and eradication of 20 diseases and disease groups by 2030. Progress against lymphatic filariasis and other neglected tropical diseases alleviates the human and economic burden that they impose on the world’s most disadvantaged communities. 


  • The Lao People’s Democratic Republic eliminates lymphatic filariasis
  • Bangladesh Eliminates Lymphatic Filariasis as a Public Health Problem
  • Lymphatic Filariasis  – Public Health Update
  • Egypt eliminates lymphatic filariasis
  • Diseases Control Program in Nepal : Lymphatic Filariasis
  • Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Program updates, Nepal
  • Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) – Public Health Update
  • WHO officially recognizes noma as a neglected tropical disease
October 1, 2024 0 comments
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World Heart Day 2024: Use Heart for Action
Global Health NewsNational Health NewsPH Important DayPublic Health NewsPublic Health UpdateWorld News

World Heart Day 2024: Use Heart for Action

by Public Health Update September 28, 2024
written by Public Health Update

The World Heart Day 2024 is commemorated with a powerful call to “Use Heart for Action“. This emphasizes the urgency of raising awareness on heart health and accelerating actions to prevent, detect early, and manage cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cardiovascular diseases remain a significant global health challenge responsible for over 18 million deaths each year. The burden is particularly heavy in the WHO South-East Asia Region, where CVDs account for 3.9 million deaths annually, primarily due to heart attacks and strokes. This represents 30% of all deaths in the region, with nearly half of these occurring prematurely, before the age of 70 years.

The primary causes of this high burden include modifiable lifestyle practices such as tobacco use, unhealthy diets, particularly those high in salt, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption. In addition, drug treatment of hypertension, diabetes and high lipids are necessary to reduce acute events of CVDs.  In the South-East Asia Region, one in four adults has raised blood pressure, and one in ten has diabetes. Alarmingly, less than 15% of people living with hypertension and diabetes are on effective treatment.

Endorsed by the Seventy-sixth Regional Committee in 2023, the Region is committed to implement the Resolution ‘SEAHEARTS Accelerating prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases in the South-East Asia Region,’ which urges countries to reach the milestones related to reducing risk factors such as tobacco control, salt reduction, and elimination of trans-fatty acids, with efforts to improve the coverage and control of hypertension and diabetes in primary health care, by 2025. Being one of the world’s largest expansions of CVD prevention and control in primary health care, SEAHEARTS initiative aligns well with the World Heart Day theme.

Since the endorsement of the Resolution, our Region has collectively made significant progress on SEAHEARTS milestones. More than 1.97 billion people are protected from the harmful effects of trans-fatty acids through best practices or complementary policy measures. In addition, more than 124 million people are covered with at least three WHO MPOWER measures to protect them from tobacco, and over 59 million individuals with hypertension and diabetes are estimated to receive standard care within public health facilities across the region.

In this background, on the World Heart Day, WHO South-East Asia Region calls for action in several important areas:

First, people must be at the heart of action in every intervention planned and implemented. This includes empowering individuals for adopting healthy lifestyles. Simple steps such as quitting tobacco, reducing salt intake, eating a balanced diet, being less sedentary, and managing stress can significantly reduce the risk of CVD.

Second, national governments need to prioritize actions for creating enabling environments by implementing and enforcing policies for reduction of trans fats in food supplies, strengthen tobacco control laws, and promote initiatives to reduce salt intake.

Third, high-quality and effective primary health care is crucial for the prevention and management of CVDs. Strong leadership and commitment are needed from countries to scale up essential services for screening, early detection, and management of hypertension, diabetes, high lipid profiles in primary health care that is available, accessible, and acceptable. Countries need to demonstrate impact through utilizing digital solutions for better coverage and control rates.

Fourth, Regional and global collaboration is essential to share good practices, mobilize resources, and ensure that all countries have the essential support to address the burden of CVDs.  There is need to strengthen partnerships among stakeholders such as governments, NGOs, and the private sectors for reducing complications and improving acute management of CVDs.

Let us all commit to “Use Heart for Action.” Whether it’s making healthier lifestyle choices, advocating for stronger NCD policies, or collaborating to strengthen primary health care, every action counts. The steps taken today to tackle cardiovascular diseases, will be a step towards a healthier and more sustainable future.  WHO stands ready to support countries and communities to address this important public health problem. Let us act now, for a healthier, heart-strong future.

By Saima Wazed, WHO Regional Director for South-East Asia


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September 28, 2024 0 comments
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Health practitioner regulation: Design, reform and implementation guidance
Global Health NewsHuman Resource for HealthInternational Plan, Policy & GuidelinesPublic Health NewsPublic Health UpdateWorld News

Health practitioner regulation: Design, reform and implementation guidance

by Public Health Update September 21, 2024
written by Public Health Update

The World Health Organization (WHO) published the first global guidance on health practitioner regulation. Health practitioner regulation: Design, reform and implementation guidance reviews the available evidence and offers policy considerations for designing regulatory systems that protect the public and support national health system goals. It provides practical steps to assess and minimize the gap between regulatory policy and practice that may arise in different contexts. It also offers insights into future strategic directions for research to better link regulation to evidence on health outcomes.

Beyond its established role in ensuring patient safety and ethical practice, the evidence also highlights how health practitioner regulation can generate added value within health systems, including health professions education, equitable distribution, workforce planning and the financial costs associated with health services.

“WHO’s latest guidance comes at a time when the landscape of health and care services is expanding alongside rising public expectations from health workers and regulators. I’m particularly struck by the compelling evidence of the added value regulation and regulators can bring to health systems and health workforce development. Implementing this evidence at scale will generate immediate benefits and I wish to acknowledge the excellent work of the health experts, scientists, regulators and WHO staff who have contributed to this global public good,” said Jim Campbell, Director, Health Workforce.

A robust health workforce is fundamental to deliver the full range of essential health services and the essential public health functions. Achieving the health-related Sustainable Development Goals requires not only the quantitative global growth in health worker employment that has been achieved in recent years, but also addressing persistent challenges like matching demand with supply, creating the right skill mix and strengthening quality and equitable distribution.

The guidance builds on the WHO Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health 2016.

Objective, scope and target audience

This guidance aims to inform the design, reform and implementation of health practitioner regulation and to strengthen regulatory systems and institutions. The term “health practitioner” is used to encompass all health professionals, associate health professionals, including community health workers, personal care workers in health services (allopathy as well as traditional, complementary and integrative medicine), health assistants, the public health workforce, and other health practitioners who are yet to be officially classified, but who are directly involved in patient diagnostics or care.

The target audience includes regulators, policymakers and the wider global health community, including the health service industry, practitioners and academic institutions. The contents of the document were informed by an integrative review of the literature and by advice from a WHO Technical Expert Group on health practitioner regulation.

Key findings

Health practitioner regulatory systems are very diverse, reflecting differences in national health and education systems, legal traditions, political history, economy, governance structure and other sociocultural aspects. There is also substantial variation in the health professions being regulated and in the type of regulation; moreover, few countries have a defined and objective criterion for regulation. Some regulators use risk-based tools to decide on the most appropriate regulatory mechanism.

Advancing the public interest in terms of patient safety is a commonly stated purpose of health practitioner regulation. Historically, such regulation was considered synonymous with elevating the professions being regulated by defining and protecting them. However, excessive inflexibility and unnecessary barriers to entry to the health labour market raise concerns that the interests of the professions are being prioritized over public welfare through regulatory capture.

Furthermore, fragmented and rigid regulatory systems operating in occupational silos can be disconnected from the broader health objectives and from associated reforms in health service delivery. The understanding of public interest has evolved over time from elevating the professions to prioritizing patient safety, enhancing cost-effectiveness and aligning with health system needs. Other common principles underlying regulation are its uniformity, transparency and proportionality to risks and benefits.

Regulatory reforms have taken place across countries to address different priorities, such as the quality and cost of educating health practitioners, their mobility and sustainability, and the transparency and accountability of regulators. For instance, temporary flexibilities in health practitioner regulation were introduced in many countries during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to increase practitioner availability. This provided a strategic opportunity to review the alignment of regulatory systems with broader priorities, such as universal health coverage and health security.

Regulatory practice gap

Increasing numbers of health occupations are being regulated by law, but large gaps exist between regulatory policies, practices and outcomes. A “regulatory practice gap” may occur when the existing regulatory policy is not implemented in practice, or when it does not meet the intended purpose despite being implemented. While these gaps are also common in countries with mature regulatory systems, they are more prominent in low- and middle-income countries. The factors that contribute to the regulatory practice gap include: inappropriate regulatory models; logical assumptions being given precedence over evidence; regulators having limited capacity to carry out their functions, in part because of the size of the workforce to be regulated; and weak governance.

Key considerations

Health practitioner regulation should strike the right balance between addressing the risk of harm to patients and ensuring public access to health services. Under-regulation can place patients at risk of harm from health practitioners, while over-regulation can place the public at risk of harm by reducing or removing access to health services.

It is therefore essential that regulators define patient harm in the specific context, review existing mechanisms for patient safety in terms of the intended goals and identify the reasons behind any divergence. They should also understand the extent to which health practitioner regulation can address the identified gap, their capacity to implement the regulatory measures, and the (direct and indirect) costs and negative consequences that regulation may impose on the health labour market and the health system. The regulatory practice gap can then be reduced by introducing appropriate measures.

Additional and/or more stringent regulatory measures are resource-intensive and may prove challenging to implement. Therefore, depending on the context, alternative interventions could be more effective. A universally applicable, ideal model of a health practitioner regulatory system does not exist. This is because regulation needs to be responsive to individual health system priorities and specificities, which vary between countries. Each country differs in its health system architecture and health service delivery profile, including its system of occupational regulation and the composition and division of labour in its health workforce. A country’s understanding of patient harm may also be influenced by cultural norms. Therefore, health practitioner regulatory systems and their appropriateness should be evaluated periodically to identify any need for reform. Such reforms may range from incremental changes to an overhaul of the entire regulatory system.

Dynamic, effective and agile health practitioner regulation is required to respond to complex health system needs and to keep pace with public expectations. To encourage countries to contextualize health practitioner regulation by focusing on the outcomes, this guidance suggests a progressive process of assessing regulatory gaps and identifying
the most appropriate interventions:

  • understanding the local context and existing systems
  • identifying the main challenges
  • determining the desired outcomes
  • assessing the risk of harm from practitioners
  • deliberating on risk reduction options and the associated impact
  • developing and testing regulatory interventions
  • managing capacity requirements
  • monitoring and evaluation of the regulatory interventions and outcomes.

This guidance presents common principles, key policy considerations and core elements for the design, reform and implementation of health practitioner regulation. The policy considerations on regulation design, reform and implementation are grouped into four categories:

  • Design principles
  • Governance
  • Core functions
  • Health system support

Core functions

  • Setting requirements for entry to practice
  • Accrediting education programmes and licensing practitioners
  • Qualification recognition
  • Enabling competence-based scope of practice
  • Maintaining competence
  • Dealing with noncompliance

Health system support

  • Data to inform planning
  • International mobility and cross-border service delivery
  • Practitioner distribution in rural and underserved areas
  • Dual practice management

Design principles

  • Serves the public interest
  • Proportionality
  • Flexibility in emergencies

Governance

  • Umbrella law and institutional structure
  • Adequate state oversight

The generalizability and applicability of these policy considerations may vary substantially across settings. This should be considered before being adapted as deemed relevant to the local context.

Download: Health practitioner regulation: Design, reform and implementation guidance

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September 21, 2024 0 comments
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Strengthening Primary Health Care Leadership: Global Capacity Building Course
CoursesInternational Jobs & OpportunitiesOnline CoursesPrimary Health CarePublic Health OpportunitiesPublic Health Opportunity

Strengthening Primary Health Care Leadership: Global Capacity Building Course

by Public Health Update September 14, 2024
written by Public Health Update

Course overview

This comprehensive 80-hour course, aligned with WHO’s vision for people-centered, resilient and sustainable PHC-centered health systems, empowers leaders to champion health equity, promote social justice and uphold the right to health for all.

Effective leadership is crucial for transformative change in health systems. This course is designed to equip decision and policy-makers with the necessary skills to reorient health systems towards PHC. View a short video here about the course for more information.

Upon completion, participants will:

  • demonstrate a common understanding of PHC and its role in achieving universal health coverage, the health-related Sustainable Development Goals and health security;
  • utilize the PHC operational framework levers to address implementation barriers and drive health system transformation towards PHC;
  • apply evidence-informed strategies and tools to national and subnational policy and planning processes for PHC strengthening; and
  • exhibit leadership through change management in health systems to strengthen the PHC approach.

Learning journey

Delivered through the WHO-Academy digital learning platform, the course emphasizes competency-based learning and practical real-world applications. Participants dedicate 4 to 6 hours weekly to:

  • complete self-paced module content (2-3 hours);
  • participate in synchronous sessions facilitated by global and regional PHC experts (1-2 hours); and
  • engage in course assignments (1-2 hours).

Upon successful completion of course requirements, participants will receive a credential from the WHO Academy.

Ideal candidate profile

  • A senior policy or decision-maker with a minimum experience of 5 years on PHC and/or health systems strengthening, holding a position of influence at national and/or sub-national levels.
  • Highly motivated to enhance leadership skills and committed to advancing PHC for Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and other health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in their country or region.
  • Able to articulate how they will apply the knowledge gained from the course to drive PHC-oriented health system reforms.
  • Available to dedicate 4-6 hours per week over the course’s 10-12 weeks duration.
  • Interested to provide constructive feedback as a participant of the pathfinder edition, shaping the continued evolution of the course.

Application

The Pathfinder Edition of the course will be launched in November 2024. Interested participants are invited to note the following details.

Application process

  • We are currently accepting applications for this English-only Pathfinder Edition ofthe course, aiming to enroll a balanced number of participants from each WHO region.
  • Interested candidates should complete the online application form by 4 October 2024, 11:59:00 PM CET.
  • Applications will be reviewed based on alignment with the course’s objectives and the candidate’s potential to influence PHC policies in their country.
  • Selected candidates will be informed by 21 October 2024.

Location: fully remote (online)
Language of delivery: English
Course dates: 4 November 2024 to 7 February 2025 (with a holiday break from 13 December 2024 to 13 January 2025)
Time commitment: 4-6 hours weekly for 10-12 weeks

Please contact the secretariat with any questions at Leadership4phc@who.int.

APPLICATION FORM


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  • WHO South-East Asia Region commits to prioritizing and investing more in primary health care
September 14, 2024 0 comments
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WHO prequalifies the first vaccine against MPOX
Global Health NewsOutbreak NewsPublic HealthPublic Health NewsPublic Health UpdateVaccine Preventable DiseasesWorld News

WHO prequalifies the first vaccine against MPOX

by Public Health Update September 13, 2024
written by Public Health Update

The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced the MVA-BN vaccine as the first vaccine against mpox to be added to its prequalification list.

The prequalification approval is expected to facilitate timely and increased access to this vital product in communities with urgent need, to reduce transmission and help contain the outbreak. WHO’s assessment for prequalification is based on information submitted by the manufacturer, Bavarian Nordic A/S, and review by the European Medicines Agency, the regulatory agency of record for this vaccine.

“This first prequalification of a vaccine against mpox is an important step in our fight against the disease, both in the context of the current outbreaks in Africa, and in future,” said WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. “We now need urgent scale up in procurement, donations and rollout to ensure equitable access to vaccines where they are needed most, alongside other public health tools, to prevent infections, stop transmission and save lives.”

The MVA-BN vaccine can be administered in people over 18-years of age as a 2-dose injection given 4 weeks apart. After prior cold storage, the vaccine can be kept at 2–8°C for up to 8 weeks.

“The WHO prequalification of the MVA-BN vaccine will help accelerate ongoing procurement of the mpox vaccines by governments and international agencies such as Gavi and Unicef to help communities on the frontlines of the ongoing emergency in Africa and beyond,” said Dr Yukiko Nakatani, WHO Assistant Director-General for Access to Medicines and Health Products. “The decision can also help national regulatory authorities to fast-track approvals, ultimately increasing access to quality-assured mpox vaccine products.”

The WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization reviewed all available evidence and recommended the use of MVA-BN vaccine in the context of an mpox outbreak for persons at high risk of exposure. While MVA-BN is currently not licensed for persons under 18 years of age, this vaccine may be used “off-label” in infants, children and adolescents, and in pregnant and immunocompromised people. This means vaccine use is recommended in outbreak settings where the benefits of vaccination outweigh the potential risks.

WHO also recommends single-dose use in supply-constrained outbreak situations. WHO emphasizes the need to collect further data on vaccine safety and effectiveness in these circumstances.

Available data shows that a single-dose MVA-BN vaccine given before exposure has an estimated 76% effectiveness in protecting people against mpox, with the 2-dose schedule achieving an estimated 82% effectiveness. Vaccination after exposure is less effective than pre-exposure vaccination.

Good safety profile and vaccine performance has been consistently demonstrated in clinical studies, as well as in real-world use during the ongoing global outbreak since 2022. In light of the changing epidemiology and emergence of new virus strains, it remains important to collect as much data as possible on vaccine safety and effectiveness in different contexts.

Since the triggering of the emergency use listing for mpox vaccines by WHO Director-General on 7 August 2024, WHO has conducted product and programmatic suitability assessments of MVA-BN vaccine.

“The findings of the assessments are particularly relevant in the context of the declaration of a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) related to the upsurge of mpox in Africa,” said Dr Rogerio Gaspar, WHO Director for Regulation and Prequalification. “We are progressing with prequalification and emergency use listing procedures with manufacturers of two other mpox vaccines: LC-16 and ACAM2000. We have also received 6 expressions of interest for mpox diagnostic products for emergency use listing so far.”

The escalating mpox outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and other countries was declared a PHEIC by the WHO Director-General on 14 August 2024. 

Over 120 countries have confirmed more than 103 000 cases of mpox since the onset of the global outbreak in 2022. In 2024 alone, there were 25 237 suspected and confirmed cases and 723 deaths from different outbreaks in 14 countries of the African Region (based on data from 8 September 2024).

WHO Prequalification (PQ) and Emergency Use Listing (EUL) are mechanisms used to evaluate quality, safety and efficacy of medical products, such as vaccines, diagnostics and medicines (optional: including biotherapeutics), and product suitability for use in an low- and middle-income country context. PQ or EUL listed products assist decision for international, regional and country procurement by UN and partner procurement agencies and member states. PQ is based on the review of full set of quality, safety and efficacy data on medical products, including risk management plan and programmatic suitability. EUL is a risk benefit assessment to address urgent demands during public health emergencies based on available limited data. Under EUL, the manufacturers are required to commit to continue generating missing information to fulfil prequalification requirements. Once this information becomes available, a PQ application should be submitted to complete the full process to achieve recommendation for international procurement in both emergency and non-emergency settings. 


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  • Handbook on Breastfeeding (For Pregnant Women and Lactating Mother)
September 13, 2024 0 comments
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Invitation to Join! MoHP Roster of Nepalese Health Professionals Currently Working in Foreign Countries
Health in DataHuman Resource for HealthPublic Health Update

Invitation to Join! MoHP Roster of Nepalese Health Professionals Currently Working in Foreign Countries

by Public Health Update September 11, 2024
written by Public Health Update

The Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP), will be organizing a health conference aimed at bringing together Nepalese health professionals working abroad. This event will serve as a platform for knowledge exchange, collaboration, and networking among health professionals who are contributing to the global health sector.

To ensure a comprehensive database of participants, the MoHP kindly requests your support in filling out the attached form with your details and sharing it with other Nepalese health professionals within your network. The MoHP highly values your participation in this initiative, as it seeks to strengthen connections with the global Nepalese health community.

Please note that this form is exclusively intended for “Nepalese Health Professionals” working abroad.

September 11, 2024 0 comments
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