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National Plan, Policy & GuidelinesOutbreak NewsPublic HealthResearch & Publication

Updated Testing Guidelines for COVID-19, Nepal

by Public Health Update April 28, 2020
written by Public Health Update

Updated Testing Guidelines for COVID-19, Nepal

(Approved from MoHP on 26 April 2020) Source: Epidemiology and Disease Control Division Facebook page

Essential readings

  • List of Laboratories for SARS CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test in Nepal
  • List of Laboratories for COVID19 testing in Nepal (RT-PCR)
  • List of COVID-19 Hospitals (COVID-19 Care Units) in Nepal
  • National Testing-Guidelines for COVID-19 (Version 5), Nepal (Latest)
  • List of Certified COVID-19 Antigen kits in Nepal

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Resources: Guidelines, Recording and Reporting Formats

WHO and Rakuten Viber fight COVID-19 misinformation with interactive chatbot

WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 27 April 2020

Interim Guideline for the establishment and Operationalization of molecular Laboratory for COVID-19 testing in Nepal

Instant Hand Sanitizer (Alcohol Based) Standard 2076

A state of Dual Pandemic: COVID-19 & Falsified Products

World Immunization Week 2020 #VaccinesWork for All

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Guest PostOutbreak NewsPublic HealthResearch & Publication

The science of hand sanitizers

by Public Health Update April 28, 2020
written by Public Health Update

The science of hand sanitizers

Nirdesh Baral and Sandip Pahari 

The recent COVID-19 outbreak has threatened the human existence. With the corona outbreak terms such as “Quarantine”, “Contact Tracing” and “Hand Sanitizers” have also gained popularity among the general public. It is considered as the savior from the COVID-19.

Digital advocacy in context of COVID-19 | Rashmi Acharya

Health sanitizers is a liquid/gel/foam used to disinfect hands instantly. It is considered as convenient method of disinfecting hand where water and soap are not readily available. Hand sanitizer have variety of chemical as their active ingredient but broadly classified as Alcohol based and Non-Alcohol based.

More from authors: A state of Dual Pandemic: COVID-19 & Falsified Products

 

Direction of use of hand sanitizer includes:

  1. Apply product to the palm of one hand.
  2. Rub hands together.
  3. Rub the product over all surfaces of hands and fingers until hands are dry.

A brisk hand rub with few drops of hand sanitizer can kill highly pathogenic organism making you diseases free. In this Article, we will explore the science behind the sanitizer.

 

Chemical Composition

Hand Sanitizer were introduced in 1996 in medical settings and was popular since 1990’s due to its convenience. Alcohol based hand sanitizers have variety of ingredients in different composition however hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol content is preferred due to its effectiveness. Non-alcohol-based hand sanitizers contains benzalkonium chloride or triclosan as an active ingredient. Department of Drug Administration (DDA) has also released guidelines to standardize quality of hand sanitizer in Nepal.

Raw materials

  1. Ethyl Alcohol -96% (minimum)
  2. Isopropyl Alcohol -99.8% (minimum)
  3. Hydrogen Peroxide – 3%
  4. Glycerol – 98%
  5. Sterile/Distilled/Boiled Cold water

DDA recommended standard: Instant Hand Sanitizer (Alcohol Based) Standard 2076

S.no Chemicals Requirement
1 Ethyl Alcohol or Isopropyl Alcohol Content 70% to 80% v/v
2 pH 6-8
3 Microbicidal activity ≥5 log reduction within 1 min
4 Hydrogen Peroxide 0.125% v/v or
Chlorhexidine Gluconate content 0.5%v/v may be used.

DDA recommended standard: Instant Hand Sanitizer (Alcohol Based) Standard 2076

Working Mechanism and effectiveness

The active ingredient of instant hand sanitizers is Ethyl Alcohol. Alcohol gains ability of the microbicidal activity with the concentration of 30% and optimum activity as concentration exceeds 60%. Alcohol kills pathogenic microbes in variety of way such as it disintegrates cell membrane, splitting cell and messing with metabolism of cell. Similarly, non-alcohol-based hand sanitizers with benzalkonium chloride as active ingredient have shown same level of microbicidal activity at just 0.13% concentration but exhibit harmful effects on health.

Handwashing vs Hand Sanitizer: Which is best?

A debatable question obviously arises as both methods are widely used to clean hand. A study has shown that Hand sanitizer is able to disinfect Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus saprophyticus that a regular hand wash could not. However, hand washing has more merits than that of sanitizer.

CDC recommends handwashing than use of hand sanitization as hand sanitizer have various demerits such as;

  • Cannot kill wide range of virus including norovirus; Clostridium difficile, which can cause life-threatening diarrhea; or Cryptosporidium, a parasite that causes a diarrheal disease called cryptosporidiosis.
  • Is ineffective to work in greasy and dirty hands.
  • Fails to remove pesticides and heavy metals residue.
  • Health implication such as allergies, dryness of skin and mild irritation etc.

The above points suggest that hand sanitizer must be used as an alternative to hand washing but not as replacement. It is better to hand wash regularly following all six steps. However, best results can be yield if used in combination.

Authors

Nirdesh Baral, 7th Sem BPH Student, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University
Email: nirdesh8@gmail.com, Cell No. +977-9816138346

Sandip Pahari, Assistant Professor, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University
Email: sp.mph15@gmail.com, Cell No. +977-9846261237


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A state of Dual Pandemic: COVID-19 & Falsified Products

Digital advocacy in context of COVID-19 | Rashmi Acharya

Interim Guideline for the establishment and Operationalization of molecular Laboratory for COVID-19 testing in Nepal

Interim Pocket Book of Clinical Management of COVID-19 in Healthcare Setting

Flattening the curve on COVID-19: What is the secret of Korea’s successful response?

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Resources: Guidelines, Recording and Reporting Formats

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National Plan, Policy & GuidelinesResearch & Publication

Instant Hand Sanitizer (Alcohol Based) Standard 2076

by Public Health Update April 28, 2020
written by Public Health Update

Instant Hand Sanitizer (Alcohol Based) Standard 2076

Government of Nepal

Department of Drug Administration

Instant Hand Sanitizer Standard 1 scaled Instant Hand Sanitizer Standard 2 scaled Instant Hand Sanitizer Standard 3 scaled Instant Hand Sanitizer Standard 4 scaled


Interim Guideline for the establishment and Operationalization of molecular Laboratory for COVID-19 testing in Nepal

Interim Pocket Book of Clinical Management of COVID-19 in Healthcare Setting

Flattening the curve on COVID-19: What is the secret of Korea’s successful response?

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Resources: Guidelines, Recording and Reporting Formats

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WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 27 April 2020

by Public Health Update April 28, 2020
written by Public Health Update

WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 27 April 2020

27 April 2020

Good morning, good afternoon and good evening.

First of all, we’re pleased to have interpretation services available in Portuguese today, and I’d like to welcome all Portuguese-speaking journalists. The next will be Swahili and Hindi, and we will continue as WHO to invest in multilingualism, because our beauty is our diversity.

WHO remains committed to providing access to as much as information as possible, in as many languages as possible, and reach every corner of our world.

===

I have said since the beginning that the most important resource in the fight against COVID-19 is solidarity. Solidarity, solidarity, solidarity.

The launch of the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator on Friday was a powerful demonstration of that solidarity.

WHO is deeply grateful to the many world leaders and partners who have come together to ensure no-one misses out on life-saving vaccines, diagnostics or therapeutics.

We look forward to more countries and stakeholders supporting this global collaboration, this global movement.

This initiative is a vital investment in the response, both for the short term and the long term.

Diagnostics are helping us now to find cases and ensure people are isolated and get the right care.

And we’re hopeful that the Solidarity Trial will shortly help us to understand which therapeutics are the most safe and effective for treating patients.

But ultimately, we will need a vaccine to control this virus.

The success in developing effective drugs and vaccines for Ebola reminds us of the enormous value of these tools – and the enormous power of national and international collaboration to develop them.  

WHO played a key role in the development of the Ebola vaccine, and we’re doing the same for COVID-19.

Developing a COVID-19 vaccine has been accelerated because of previous work WHO and partners have done over several years on vaccines for other coronaviruses including SARS and MERS.

Although COVID-19 is taking a heavy toll, WHO is deeply concerned about the impact the pandemic will have on other health services, especially for children.

Children may be at relatively low risk from severe disease and death from COVID-19, but can be at high risk from other diseases that can be prevented with vaccines.

This week is World Immunization Week.

Immunization is one of the greatest success stories in the history of global health.

More than 20 diseases can be prevented with vaccines.

Every year, more than 116 million infants are vaccinated, or 86% of all children born globally.

But there are still more than 13 million children around the world who miss out on vaccination.

We know that that number will increase because of COVID-19.

Already, polio vaccination campaigns have been put on hold, and in some countries, routine immunization services are being scaled back or shut down.

With the start of the southern hemisphere flu season, it’s vital that everyone gets their seasonal flu vaccine.

Even when services are operating, some parents and caregivers are avoiding taking their children to be vaccinated because of concerns about COVID-19.

And myths and misinformation about vaccines are adding fuel to the fire, putting vulnerable people at risk.

When vaccination coverage goes down, more outbreaks will occur, including of life-threatening diseases like measles and polio.

Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, has estimated that at least 21 low- and middle-income countries are already reporting vaccine shortages as a result of border closures and disruptions to travel.

So far, 14 vaccination campaigns supported by Gavi against polio, measles, cholera, human papillomavirus, yellow fever and meningitis have been postponed, which would have immunized more than 13 million people.

The tragic reality is that children will die as a result.

Since 2000, Gavi and partners including WHO have helped vaccinate more than 760 million children in the world’s poorest countries, preventing more than 13 million deaths.

Gavi has set an ambitious goal to immunize 300 million more children with 18 vaccines by 2025.

To reach this goal, Gavi will require US$7.4 billion in its upcoming replenishment.

We call on the global community to ensure Gavi is fully funded for this life saving work.

This is not a cost, it’s an investment that pays a rich dividend in lives saved.

Just as immunization has been disrupted in some countries, so have services for many other diseases that afflict the poorest and most vulnerable people – including malaria.

As you know, Saturday was World Malaria Day. A new modelling analysis published last week estimates the potential disruption to malaria services from COVID-19 in 41 countries in sub-Saharan Africa.

In the worst-case scenario, the number of malaria deaths in sub-Saharan Africa could double.

But that doesn’t have to happen, and we are working with countries and partners to support them to put measures in place to ensure that services for malaria continue even as COVID-19 spreads.

===

As lockdowns in Europe ease with declining numbers of new cases, we continue to urge countries to find, isolate, test and treat all cases of COVID-19 and trace every contact, to ensure these declining trends continue.

But the pandemic is far from over. WHO continues to be concerned about the increasing trends in Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin America and some Asian countries.

As in all regions, cases and deaths are underreported in many countries in these regions because of low testing capacity.

We are continuing to support these countries with technical assistance through our regional and country offices, and with supplies through Solidarity Flights.

In the past week, we have delivered supplies to more than 40 countries in Africa, and more are planned.

Globally, WHO has shipped millions of items of personal protective equipment to 105 countries, and lab supplies to more than 127 countries. We will ship many millions more in the weeks ahead, and we’re preparing aggressively.

Later this week WHO will launch its second Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan, with an estimate of the resources needed for the next stage of the global response.

I would like to thank the People’s Republic of China, Portugal and Viet Nam for their recent contributions to WHO’s Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan.

We’re also grateful to the more than 280,000 individuals, corporations and foundations who have contributed to the Solidarity Response Fund, which has now generated more than US$200 million. And I thank FluLab especially for its contribution of US$10 million.

We have a long road ahead of us, and a lot of work to do. WHO is committed to doing everything we can to support all countries.

But political leadership is also essential, including the vital role of parliaments. As a former parliamentarian, I fully recognize the big role that parliaments can play.

Tomorrow I will be participating in a webinar for parliamentarians hosted by WHO, the Inter-parliamentary Union, and the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, to discuss the role parliaments can play to reduce risks, strengthen emergency preparedness and increase resilience.

I continue to call for the world to come together in solidarity and national unity to confront this pandemic, but also to prevent the next one, and to build a healthier, safer, fairer world for everyone, everywhere.

But I repeat: national unity is the foundation for global solidarity. Solidarity, solidarity, solidarity – that’s what we will say every single day.

If we’re not united the virus will exploit the gaps between us and create havoc. Lives will be lost.

We can only defeat this virus through unity at the national level and solidarity at the global level.

Thank you.


WHO


Interim Guideline for the establishment and Operationalization of molecular Laboratory for COVID-19 testing in Nepal

World Immunization Week 2020 #VaccinesWork for All

World Malaria Day 2020: “Zero malaria starts with me”

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Humanitarian Health & Emergency ResponseInternational Plan, Policy & GuidelinesNational Plan, Policy & GuidelinesOutbreak NewsPublic HealthPublic Health UpdateResearch & Publication

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Resources: Guidelines, Recording and Reporting Formats

by Public Health Update April 28, 2020
written by Public Health Update

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Resources: Guidelines, Recording and Reporting Formats


Last updated: April 9, 2020 (Please visit official website for update and more information


MoHP Nepal: लक्षणहरुको मूल्यांकन


International Documents, Courses, Media briefs


  • WHO Hospital Readiness Checklist for COVID-19
  • Operational Planning Guidelines and COVID-19 Partners Platform to support country preparedness and response
  • Online Course on: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission, complications, diagnosis, and more
  • WHO and Rakuten Viber fight COVID-19 misinformation with interactive chatbot
  • A Joint open letter from World Political Parties concerning closer international cooperation against COVID-19
  • WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 27 April 2020
  • WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 20 April 2020
  • WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 6 April 2020
  • WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 1 April 2020
  • WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 -3 April 2020
  • WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 30 March 2020
  • COVID19: WHO calls for stronger whole of society approach in South-East Asia Region
  • COVID-19 Forecast for Nepal and Active infections estimate (fraction of population)
  • Extraordinary G20 Leaders’ Summit Statement on COVID-19
  • WHO Director-General calls on G20 to Fight, Unite, and Ignite against COVID-19
  • WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 25 March 2020
  • Pass the message: Five steps to kicking out coronavirus
  • World Health Organization (WHO) Information Note Tuberculosis and COVID-19
  • MOOC: Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) for novel coronavirus (COVID-19)
  • WHO calls for urgent, aggressive actions to combat COVID-19, as cases soar in South-East Asia Region
  • WHO declares novel coronavirus (#COVID19)outbreak a pandemic
  • Shortage of personal protective equipment endangering health workers worldwide
  • WHO emphasizes on agile response capacities, as South-East Asia Region confirms more COVID-19 cases

WHO Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Pandemic


  • Public Advice
  • Country & technical guidance
  • Your questions answered
  • Travel advice
  • Situation reports
  • Media resources
  • Research and Development
  • Mythbusters


Guidelines


  • COVID-19 Clinical Management Guideline
  • Algorithm to suspect Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19) infection based on the WHO Surveillance Case Definition
  • COVID-19 Patient Transfer Team (PTT) Guidelines
  • Interim Clinical Guidance for Care of Patients with COVID-19 in Health Care Settings
  • NMC Interim Guidance for Infection Prevention and Control when COVID-19 is suspected
  • COVID-19 Dead Body Management Guideline
  • Wondfo SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Test Procedure
  • Flow Diagram for testing returnees for COVID-19 (RDT or PCR)
  • Suspected Case-Laboratory Mgmt
  • NEPAL: COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project Preliminary Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP)
  • COVID-19 Health Desk Operation Guideline MoSD, Sudurpachim Province
  • Guideline for use of Personal Protective Equipments in relation to COVID-19 in Nepal
  • Coronavirus (COVID-19) Action plan – Ministry of Federal Affairs & General Administration
  • NEPAL: COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project Preliminary Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP)
  • क्वारान्टाइन संचालन तथा व्यवस्थापन मापदण्ड 2076.pdf
  • Updated Testing Guidelines for COVID-19, Nepal (New)
  • Instant Hand Sanitizer (Alcohol Based) Standard 2076 (New)
  • Interim Guideline for the establishment and Operationalization of molecular Laboratory for COVID-19 testing in Nepal (New)
  • Interim Pocket Book of Clinical Management of COVID-19 in Healthcare Setting (New)

 


Form formats


  • CoVID 19 SoP, Case Investigation and Contact Tracing Form
  • COVID-19 Screening at Point of Entry
  • Health Declaration Forms
  • Interim reporting form for suspected cases of COVID-19
  • Self-Quarantine Form (EN | NP)
  • Contact Tracing Form

IEC/BCC Materials 

  • DO’s and DON’T’s (EN)
  • PSA on COVID-19 (Audio)
  • Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)Preventive measures (Updated)
  • Frequently Asked Questions About Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID)Test in Nepal
  • Actions to do at place of residence/ home for asymptomatic travelers (EN) 
  • List of Designated Hospitals, Hub Hospitals, Provincial Hospitals and Medical Colleges/ Academia
  • कोरोना सम्वन्धी केहि महत्वपुर्ण भिडियो सन्देशहरु https://bit.ly/COVID-19NEPAL

COVID-19 Circulars


MOFAGA


  • COVID-19 को रोकथाम र नियन्त्रणको लागि आवश्यक सकृयता अपनाउने सम्बन्धमा । (राष्ट्रसेवक कर्मचारीहरु सबै)
  • कोरोना भाईरस (COVID-19) को रोकथाम तथा नियन्त्रणका लागि स्वयंसेवक परिचालन गर्ने गराउने सम्बन्धमा । (स्थानीय तहहरु सबै)
  • COVID-19 को संक्रमणप्रति सजगता, रोकथाम तथा नियन्त्रण सम्बन्धमा । (स्थानीयतहहरु सबै)
  • COVID-19 को संक्रमणप्रति सजगता, रोकथाम तथा नियन्त्रण सम्बन्धमा । (स्थानीयतहहरु सबै)

MoHP


  • सर्वसाधारणलाई अपिल  
  • बजेट रोक्का सम्बन्धमा
  • सार्वजनिक अपिल

EDCD Resources


  • SOP on COVID-19
  • Key actions to be taken for nCoV infection
  • Algorithm for COVID-19
  • nCoV Interim guidance
  • Interim Reporting form for suspected case of COVID-19
  • Contact Tracing Form
  • Reduce your risk of Coronavirus Infection_IEC Material
  • Infographic_Actions to do at place of residence/home for asymptomatic travelers
  • Flyers on COVID-19 (Nepali/English)
  • Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) technical guidance
  • Presentation on COVID-19
  • Notice on Sample Collection for COVID-19


Updates


  • WHO: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Situation dashboard
  • NEPAL: SITUATION UPDATE REPORTS 

More resources


  • https://www.who.int
  • https://mohp.gov.np
  • https://covid19.mohp.gov.np
  • https://heoc.mohp.gov.np 
  • MoHP: Mobile app
  • MoHP Viber Group 

कोरोना सम्वन्धी केहि महत्वपुर्ण भिडियो सन्देशहरु https://bit.ly/COVID-19NEPAL


April 28, 2020 0 comments
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National Plan, Policy & GuidelinesOutbreak NewsPublic HealthResearch & Publication

Interim Guideline for the establishment and Operationalization of molecular Laboratory for COVID-19 testing in Nepal

by Public Health Update April 27, 2020
written by Public Health Update

Interim Guideline for the establishment and Operationalization of molecular Laboratory for COVID-19 testing in Nepal

DOWNLOAD: PDF FILE

Essential readings

  • List of Laboratories for SARS CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test in Nepal
  • List of Laboratories for COVID19 testing in Nepal (RT-PCR)
  • List of COVID-19 Hospitals (COVID-19 Care Units) in Nepal
  • National Testing-Guidelines for COVID-19 (Version 5), Nepal (Latest)
  • List of Certified COVID-19 Antigen kits in Nepal

DOWNLOAD: PDF FILE

April 27, 2020 0 comments
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National Health NewsOutbreak NewsPublic HealthPublic Health News

Two new COVID-19 cases confirmed by MoHP in Nepal

by Public Health Update April 26, 2020
written by Public Health Update

Two new COVID-19 cases confirmed by MoHP in Nepal

The Ministry of Health and Population has confirmed two new COVID-19 cases in Nepal. Two males from Birgunj, Parsa have tested positive, both of them are 50 years old.

Now total number of COVID-19 confirmed cases in Nepal reached to 51 among them 12 were recovered.

1 1


A live repository and dash-board for COVID-19 in Nepal

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A state of Dual Pandemic: COVID-19 & Falsified Products

by Public Health Update April 26, 2020
written by Public Health Update

A state of Dual Pandemic: COVID-19 & Falsified Products

Nirdesh Baral and  Sandip Pahari

COVID-19 has been declared as pandemic by WHO at 11th March 2020. As of 25 April 2020, more than 2.84 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported in 185 countries and territories, resulting in more than 199,000 deaths, it has become a threat to the human existence.[1] The whole world is focused to mitigate this problematic situation. Nearly, all the country round the globe has imposed lockdown to restrict the mobility of their situation to reduce the transmission of the virus. The increased demand of the many essential products such as medicines, groceries and recent cutoff of their supplies has disturbed the equilibrium of the economy.

Related reading: Digital advocacy in context of COVID-19 | Rashmi Acharya

In this state of panic, the trend of product adulteration has been rapidly reported around the world. Falsified/Unregistered medicines has been widely supplied. Similarly, wide variety groceries and food items for daily consumption is also adulteration and substandarized is also found. It becomes extremely important to understand term “Falsified”, “Unregistered”,” adulteration ” and ” Substandard”. Substandard also called “out of specification”, these are authorized medical products that fail to meet either their quality standards or specifications, or both. Unregistered/unlicensed medical products that have not undergone evaluation and/or approval by the National or Regional Regulatory Authority for the market in which they are marketed/distributed or used, subject to permitted conditions under national or regional regulation and legislation. Falsified medical products that deliberately/fraudulently misrepresent their identity, composition or source.[2] Food Adulteration refers to the process by which the quality or the nature of a given food is reduced through addition of adulterants or removal of vital substance. Food adulterants refer to the foreign and usually inferior chemical substance present in food that cause harm or is unwanted in the food.[3]

Variety of news have been reported about the increase in supply of the substandard products around the globe. Recently, Nepal has canceled the medical supply deals with Chinese Company as the 19 items including PPE and testing kits to be supplied for fighting with COVID-19 was found substandard.[4] We can also find various of unregistered instant hand sanitizer flooded in market since COVID outbreak.Some sanitizer have benzalkonium chloride  as active ingredient but CDC recommends at least 60% alcohol against corona prevention.[5]

Apart from medicinal equipment, various daily commodities such as rice, cereals, vegetables, oil, ghee, milk etc has been adulterated making them potentially hazardous to human health. We have been hearing adulterated food distribution in the relief campaign by government.[6][7]

List of common food Adulterants [8]

Food products Adulterants added
Milk Water, chalk, urea, caustic soda and skimmed milk
Rice Sandstone,Twigs
Daal Metanil yellow
Spices Asafoetida, Metanil yellow,Sudan Red
Oil Palm Oil,Dalda

 

Health Implication

Substandard and falsified medical products may cause harm to patients and fail to treat the diseases for which they were intended and also increasing chances for microbial resistance. They lead to loss of confidence in medicines, healthcare providers and health systems. Addition to this, adulterants have huge negative health impacts. Most of the adulterants are carcinogenic causing various of stomach, colon, skin cancer etc

Preventive Measures and Recommendation

Individual Measures

It is necessary for an individual to be aware about these substandard product.  Common measures to be applied by consumer could be :

  1. Lack of authenticity; no verification logo or certificate
  2. Spelling mistakes and poor grammar on the packaging
  3. Websites that do not display a physical address or landline
  4. Websites offering prescription only medicines without a prescription
  5. Suspiciously low-priced products.

Government Measures

The primary measures from the government would be strict monitoring and penal system to maintain quality in these vital commodities. Taking about Nepal Government of Nepal also has regulatory body such as Department of Drug Administration, Consumer Forum. Various laws and acts such as Drug Act 2035, Drug Standard Regulation 2043, Health Technology Product and Medical Device Directives 2074, Drug Enquiry and Inspection Regulation 2040 are existing and hence must be strictly formulated. Recently, DDA has released a guidelines to standardized instant hand sanitizer, These body must be effectively work in this period to eliminate the viral marketing and use of the substandard products

  1. Proper surveillance of the implementation food laws.
  2. Monitoring of the activities with periodical records of hazards regarding food adulteration.
  3. Consumer awareness programs organized by holding exhibitions/seminars/training programs and publishing pamphlets.
  4. Strict actions regarding the punishment for those who are involved in food adulteration.
  5. Multi sectoral coordination and support from NGO and relevant stakeholders

 

References
  1. COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU)”. ArcGIS. Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  2. Substandard and falsified medical products [Internet]. Who.int. 2020 [cited 25 April 2020]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/substandard-and-falsified-medical-products
  3. Food Adulteration, Types of Food Adulteration and Mitigation Measures – Public Health Notes [Internet]. Public Health Notes. 2020 [cited 25 April 2020]. Available from: https://www.publichealthnotes.com/food-adulteration-types-of-food-adulteration-and-mitigation-measures/
  4. India P. Nepal scraps medical supply deal of Chinese company; finds product of substandard quality [Internet]. Business-standard.com. 2020 [cited 25 April 2020]. Available from: https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/nepal-scraps-medical-supply-deal-of-chinese-company-finds-product-of-substandard-quality-120040200742_1.html
  5. You Might Be Buying a Hand Sanitizer That Won’t Work for Coronavirus [Internet]. ProPublica. 2020 [cited 25 April 2020]. Available from: https://www.propublica.org/article/coronavirus-hand-sanitizers-cdc-recommended-alcohol
  6. Substandard relief materials distributed in Bajura [Internet]. The Himalayan Times. 2020 [cited 25 April 2020]. Available from: https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/substandard-relief-materials-distributed-in-bajura/
  7. Mayor arrested for distributing substandard essentials in Bara [Internet]. The Himalayan Times. 2020 [cited 25 April 2020]. Available from: https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/mayor-arrested-for-distributing-substandard-essentials-in-bara/
  8. Today E, Affairs G, Microfacts L, digital. Common food adulterants [Internet]. India Today. 2020 [cited 25 April 2020]. Available from: https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/common-food-adulterants-in-india-1370601-2018-10-19

Authors:

Nirdesh Baral, 7th Sem BPH Student, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Email: nirdesh8@gmail.com, Cell No. +977-9816138346

Sandip Pahari, Assistant Professor, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Email: sp.mph15@gmail.com, Cell No. +977-9846261237

 


Want to submit an article?

Send us your articles to mail4sagun@gmail.com with your name and photo. Public Health Update encourages public health students and professionals to submit views and voices.


Related readings


  • What is Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)?
  • WHO declares the new coronavirus outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern
  • Interim Pocket Book of Clinical Management of COVID-19 in Healthcare Setting
  • World Malaria Day 2020: “Zero malaria starts with me”
  • World Immunization Week 2020 #VaccinesWork for All
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April 26, 2020 0 comments
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Guest PostOutbreak NewsResearch & Publication

Digital advocacy in context of COVID-19 | Rashmi Acharya

by Public Health Update April 25, 2020
written by Public Health Update

Digital advocacy in context of COVID-19

Rashmi Acharya
BPH 5th semester Student
LA GRANDEE International College,Pokhara-08

Advocacy an organized process of influencing people in order to achieve a stated positive change and Digital advocacy is the use of technology to galvanize the people.

In this present time, there are literally hundreds of social media applications and almost every juvenile population is with it. Health advocacy encompass direct service to the individual or family as well as activities that promote health care in communities and the larger group.

Social media is accessible to anyone access to internet/mobile and can potentially reach many people. It is the mean of interactions among people in which they create, share and exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and networks. Using just a smartphone, an advocate can engage with thousands of strangers over live video. Social media presents a variety of opportunities to amplify the influence of digital advocacy campaign. These online efforts can
support the advocacy campaign by raising awareness and extending the impact of message.

Using social media in marketing can help people to choose the
best and improve the health status as well.

There are a lot of digital technologies like websites, blogs, Facebook, twitter, email, texts, YouTube etc. which are obviously not new for us. They can be advantageous in marketing also. Using social media in marketing can help people to choose the
best and improve the health status as well. Social marketing aims to influence the behaviors that benefit the individual and communities for the better social good.

For example,

  1. Nutrients related information needed during pregnancy can be provided through social media.
  2. Publishing videos about raising voice against violence, discrimination.
  3. Promoting posts, videos related to traffic rules and road traffic accident.
  4. Advertising on care needed during menstruation and the use of sanitary pads.
  5. Advertising on harmful effects of drinking alcohol, smoking, chewing tobacco etc.
  6. Notifying about healthy behaviors which can reduce the risk of disease and helps to spend the quality of life.

Before we publish news, information on media a specific media is needed to choose in order to include more people. For this,

  • We can select such media which have more followers. Suppose in today’s context most of the people are following online news to get updates about COVID-19.
  • We have to determine, whether we can really aware and exchange the realistic and reliable information to the people through that media.
  • And the most important thing to consider is time. We have to decide when the information should be published.

If we focus on today’s situation then there are some people who are still not aware about rapidly escalating corona virus through which the entire world is suffering.

And also there are some people who follow social media but also they believe on false news, myths about it which are published. Let’s write, let’s exchange our views and ideas and let’s utilize this time.

Use social media for progress and development but please don’t use it for deterioration.

References

  1. www.naesp.org
  2. www.who.int
  3. https://www.wordstream.com/social-media-marketing
  4. https://medium.com/pollicy/digital-advocacy-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-f861791030c9
  5. https://www.voicesofyouth.org/act/how-do-digital-advocacy

Want to submit an article?

Send us your articles to mail4sagun@gmail.com with your name and photo. Public Health Update encourages public health students and professionals to submit views and voices.


Related readings


  • Interim Pocket Book of Clinical Management of COVID-19 in Healthcare Setting
  • World Malaria Day 2020: “Zero malaria starts with me”
  • World Immunization Week 2020 #VaccinesWork for All
  • Tips for staying healthy in lockdown | Anushree Acharya
  • Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Resources: Guidelines, Recording and Reporting Formats

 

April 25, 2020 0 comments
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National Plan, Policy & GuidelinesOutbreak NewsPublic HealthResearch & Publication

Interim Pocket Book of Clinical Management of COVID-19 in Healthcare Setting

by Public Health Update April 24, 2020
written by Public Health Update

Interim Pocket Book of Clinical Management of COVID-19 in Healthcare Setting

DOWNLOAD PDF FILE

Purpose of the pocket book

The purpose of this pocket book is to help physicians, other healthcare workers, to properly manage persons with suspected or proven covid-19 and to bring similarity in case management throughout the country.

Target groups

The intended target audience are physicians, nurses, other healthcare personnel, involved in management of covid-19 infection.

Contents inside

  • Triage and isolation of patients 
  • Use of ppe during care of patients
  • Disease classification
  • How to give oxygen
  • Critical care management including ventilator
  • Refractory hypoxemia pathway

DOWNLOAD PDF FILE


 


Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Resources: Guidelines, Recording and Reporting Formats

Flattening the curve on COVID-19: What is the secret of Korea’s successful response?

April 24, 2020 0 comments
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