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Global status report on alcohol and health 2018

by Public Health Update September 22, 2018
written by Public Health Update

Global status report on alcohol and health 2018: 21 September 2018 – Geneva. More than 3 million people died as a result of harmful use of alcohol in 2016, according a report released by the World Health Organization (WHO). This represents 1 in 20 deaths. More than three quarters of these deaths were among men. Overall, the harmful use of alcohol causes more than 5% of the global disease burden.
“Far too many people, their families and communities suffer the consequences of the harmful use of alcohol through violence, injuries, mental health problems and diseases like cancer and stroke,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of WHO. “It’s time to step up action to prevent this serious threat to the development of healthy societies.”
Harmful use of alcohol causes;

  • 100% of alcohol use disorders
    48% of liver cirrhosis
    26% of mouth cancers
    26% of pancreatitis
    20% of tuberculosis
    18% of suicides
    18% of interpersonal violence
    27% of traffic injuries
    11% of colorectal cancer
    13% of epilepsy
    7% of hypertensive
    heart disease
    5% of breast cancer

Download Report: Global status report on alcohol and health 2018

Global status report on alcohol and health 2018

Global status report on alcohol and health 2018

September 22, 2018 0 comments
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PH Important DayPublic HealthPublic Health Events

World Alzheimer’s Day : Every 3 seconds someone in the world develops dementia

by Public Health Update September 21, 2018
written by Public Health Update

World Alzheimer’s Day : Every 3 seconds someone in the world develops dementia: World Alzheimer’s Day is an annual day that raises awareness on Alzheimer’s disease and dementia all over the world. World Alzheimer’s Day marked on 21 Sep every year.  This event is an international campaign to raise dementia awareness and challenge stigma.
September month is also celebrated as Alzheimer’s months. The theme for this year’s World Alzheimer’s Month campaign is Every 3 seconds. Every 3 seconds someone in the world develops dementia.
Alzheimer‘s disease is the most common form of dementia and may contribute to 60–70% of cases.
1

Dementia is a collective name for progressive degenerative brain syndromes which affect memory, thinking, behaviour and emotion. Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia are the most common types of dementia, responsible for up to 90% of cases of dementia.

Symptoms may include:

  • loss of memory
  • difficulty in finding the right words or understanding what people are saying
  • difficulty in performing previously routine tasks
  • personality and mood changes

Dementia knows no social, economic or geographical boundaries. Although each person will experience dementia in their own way, eventually those affected are unable to care for themselves and need help with all aspects of daily life. There is currently no cure for most types of dementia, but treatments, advice, and support are available.World Alzheimer’s Day : Every 3 seconds someone in the world develops dementia
Dementia is now widely recognised as one of the most significant health crises of the 21st century.
Statistics

  • Someone in the world develops dementia every three seconds.
  • There are over 50 million people living with dementia in 2018, and this is expected to increase to 152 million by 2050 if effective risk-reduction strategies are not implemented worldwide
  • Most people with dementia live in low and middle-income countries and the number in some regions is expected to increase by five times by 2050. The number of people living with dementia is expected to double in high income countries.
  • Dementia is now a $US trillion-dollar disease, and already exceeds the market value the world’s largest companies including Apple and Microsoft.

Risk reduction and diagnosis

  • Diagnosis of dementia is made too late.
  • Earlier diagnosis is important to ensure that people living with dementia and their care partners can live as well as possible for longer, and access the support they need.
  • As few as one in ten individuals receive a diagnosis for dementia in low- and middle-income countries, and less than one in two individuals are diagnosed in high income countries.
  • More people living with dementia need access to a doctor who can provide a diagnosis and help to plan necessary support.

READ MORE

World Alzheimer’s Day : Every 3 seconds someone in the world develops dementia

September 21, 2018 0 comments
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Public Health

Getting to the root of health issues

by Public Health Update September 20, 2018
written by Public Health Update

Getting to the root of health issues: Public Health is an important dimension in society and as a new discipline, it aims to create awareness about health-related issues in the community in order to prevent them.  “Public health is distinctly apart from medical studies as it is not clinical based, and focuses on prevention-based techniques,” Assistant Professor Purnalaxmi Maharjan at National Open College (NOC), Sanepa informs the core idea about this subject. .

As such it works closely with community to create awareness on improving health standards of people. “We work on prevention measures and minimisation of health costs rather than just sending people to hospitals,” he adds. .
This new approach to medicine and health is being offered in the undergraduate level by Tribhuvan University (TU), Pokhara University and Purbanchal University and colleges affiliated to these universities. It is being offered as an eight-semester, four-year course. .
Its focus
If you are suffering from diarrhoea, a doctor prescribes you the medicine to treat it. But a public health specialist goes to the root of the problem – symptoms and causes of diarrhoea – to find ways to prevent the disease in a community. .
“Doctors are limited to their clinics and prescribing medicines whereas public health specialists work in and for the society,” points out Janak Thapa, Principal of Little Buddha College of Health and Sciences, Minbhawan. .

A graduate of Public Health calls it a mixture of “art and science” where a health specialist brings together public health specialists and society through the art of communication, and knowledge obtained from their research work..

Their research is based on subjects like Environmental Health and Ecosystem, Community Health Organisation and Development, Epidemiology and Biology among others along with term paper preparations and practical skill development. 
As per educator Tripti Shrestha at Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Soaltee Mode, the subject of Public Health combines management, communication, pharmacy, sociology and other basic sciences for a holistic approach to study medicine within society.

An option
Students who have passed the secondary level with C+ and Biology as a major are eligible to appear for Bachelor of Public Health’s (BPH) entrance examination.
The course, that was never even an option for students earlier, has become a lead-
ing choice in the medical faculty today after Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS), claims Prof Dr Archana Amatya, Head of Public Health Department, TU citing the increasing number of applicants.
As such the seats at TU-affiliated colleges have gone upto 40 from 30 in the last four years. Meanwhile, Pokhara and Purbanchal universities take in 60 to 70 students.
The shift to Bachelor of Public Health is mainly due to its sub-medical nature.
“We have a rigid societal structure — parents still want their children to be a doctor as it is considered the most respectful occupation. Students give it (MBBS) a try but not all get through,” Shrestha cites of the trend in Manmohan.
The next option is BPH
Pratikshya Poudel is one such student at Man- mohan. “It was a haphazard choice, but it has been re- warding, gaining a social to management perspective on medicine,” adds this IIIrd Year student.
Another student, Sumina Adhikari from Pokhara-affiliated NOC is a similar case and the best part about this course is that “I can show- case and hone my skills of communication”.
The IInd Semester student of BPH wishes to go abroad to pursue Master of Public Health (MPH) to gain a broader perspective and “it’s a relative choice”
Though BPH was just an option after not making it through MBBS, Rubin Ghimire, a IVth semester student from Little Buddha College, wants to serve in the rural area after he completes his studies.
“I have built this interest of doing something for rural communities — I wish to focus on developing rural health and promote rural development,” he shares. He wishes to study MPH in Germany and return to work with the rural communities here.
Scope and opportunities
From governmental, non- governmental, private, educational and research sectors, the scope for Public Health students are as wide as it can get.
“For students who are dedicated, competent and not studying for the sake of studying, the doors are open for you to embark on a successful professional career,” Thapa opines.
He emphasises BPH develops a student towards becoming a manager, technical person, researcher and a great academician.
From health posts in communities to getting a secured job through Public Service Commission, Shrestha says students can apply any where. “Even educational institutions lack full-time staff as most of them are part-time teachers. You can lead projects for various INGOs and NGOs and also become an independent researcher.”
As the course is a necessity worldwide, it is not even necessary to be limited to Nepal.
But “it will be better to implement your knowledge locally since the course emphasises on adjusting as per the requirement, area and situation,” Asst Prof Maharjan highlights.

FEE STRUCTURE

  • Manmohan Memorial In- stitute of Health Sciences Cost: Rs 6,94,000
  • Little Buddha College of Health and Sciences Cost: Rs 6,25,000
  • National Open College Cost: Rs 9,90,000 (approximately)

Interdisciplinary and updating
The course which includes Anthropology to Biology has also created dilemma for students. Poudel is having difficulties in shaping her career direction. “There’s no particular path- way. There are so many subjects to choose from. I have been thinking of Epidemiology but am confused about my employment direction.
For such a problem, Shrestha opines that institutions should focus on career counselling for students. “We need to recognise their strengths and help them to hone it in that field.”
To hone one’s interest and skills, educators like her wish their students to not just “rely on teachers’ handouts, notes and limited books”. “It is a subject that is always being updated and of a technical nature where we have to upgrade knowledge — this requires a lot of self-research and an analytical attitude.”
HIMALAYANTIMES (Sep 20, 2018) Himalayan News Service Kathmandu


  • Bachelor in Public Health (BPH)
  • Bachelor of Public Health (BPH) colleges in Nepal
  • Syllabus for Public Health Licensing Examination 2073 – Nepal Health Professional Council
  • Syllabus for Public Health Officer 7th Level Examination – Public Service Commission
September 20, 2018 0 comments
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National Plan, Policy & GuidelinesResearch & Publication

Program Implementation Guideline for Province & Local Level 2075/76, MoHP

by Public Health Update September 18, 2018
written by Public Health Update

Program Implementation Guideline for Province & Local Level 2075/76, MoHP: Ministry of Health & Population published a Program Implementation Guideline for Province &Local Level 2075/76 to implement various programs at Province & Local level. 

DOWNLOAD PDF FILE

DOWNLOAD PDF FILE

Program Implementation Guidelines FY 2074/75- DoHS

September 18, 2018 1 comment
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Fact SheetHealth in DataMaternal, Newborn and Child HealthNational Plan, Policy & GuidelinesPublic HealthPublic Health NotesPublic Health UpdateReportsResearch & Publication

Key Indicators: The Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (1996 NDHS- 2016 NDHS)

by Public Health Update September 18, 2018
written by Public Health Update

Key Indicators: The Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (1996 NDHS- 2016 NDHS)
(Note: Please use your Desktop or Laptop)

NEPAL

Indicator Characteristic 2016 DHS 2011 DHS 2006 DHS 2001 DHS 1996 DHS
Total fertility rate Total 2.3 2.6 3.1 4.1 4.6
Residence : Urban 2 1.6 2.1 2.1 2.9
Residence : Rural 2.9 2.8 3.3 4.4 4.8
Education : No education 3.3 3.7 3.9 4.8 5.1
Education : Primary 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.2 3.8
Education : Secondary 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.2 2.5
Education : Higher 1.8 1.7 1.5 2.1 2.3
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 3.1 3.3 3.6 4.5 4.9
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.5
Region : Eastern 2.4 2.5 3.1 3.8 4.1
Region : Central 2.4 2.5 3 4.3 4.6
Region : Western 2.2 2.5 3.1 3.5 4.7
Region : Midwestern 2.5 3.2 3.5 4.7 5.5
Region : Farwestern 2.2 2.8 3.5 4.7 5.2
Region : Province 1 2.3        
Region : Province 2 3        
Region : Province 3 1.8        
Region : Province 4 2        
Region : Province 5 2.4        
Region : Province 6 2.8        
Region : Province 7 2.2        
Region : Mountain 3        
Region : Hill 2.1        
Region : Terai 2.5        
Wealth quintile : Lowest 3.2 4.1 4.7    
Wealth quintile : Second 2.5 3.1 3.6    
Wealth quintile : Middle 2.5 2.7 3.1    
Wealth quintile : Fourth 2.1 2.1 2.7    
Wealth quintile : Highest 1.6 1.5 1.9    
Married women currently using any method of contraception (*Married women currently modern method of contraception) Total 52.6 49.7 48 39.3 28.5
Residence : Urban 54.8 59.6 60 62.2 50.1
Residence : Rural 49.2 48.2 45.9 36.9 26.5
Education : No education 58.2 52.8 49.3 36.6 26.4
Education : Primary 50.4 47 45.5 41.8 30.8
Education : Secondary 46.8 45.5 45.3 50.4 42.3
Education : Higher 51.3 52.6 51.5 57.9 51.3
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 55.7 51.1 48.5 37.5 27
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 48.1 46.8 46.1 51.1 43.5
Wealth quintile : Lowest 49.1 40.4 32.9 27.3 17.7
Wealth quintile : Second 53.4 46.3 42.6 31.9 23.4
Wealth quintile : Middle 49.6 48.2 49.2 35.2 24.7
Wealth quintile : Fourth 50.1 52 52.8 42.3 29.2
Wealth quintile : Highest 60.4 59.6 60.9 61.3 49.1
Region : Eastern 54.1 46.4 50 45.8 30.8
Region : Central 54.2 54.7 50 40.2 31
Region : Western 46.1 46.1 40.9 36.9 26.5
Region : Midwestern 52.7 46.9 45.5 35.7 26.9
Region : Farwestern 57.3 51.9 51.7 30.7 20.8
Region : Province 1 55.1        
Region : Province 2 47.7        
Region : Province 3 60.6        
Region : Province 4 48.5        
Region : Province 5 48        
Region : Province 6 51.1        
Region : Province 7 57.3        
Region : Mountain 54.6        
Region : Hill 53.9        
Region : Terai 51.4        
*Total 42.8 43.2 44.2 35.4 26
Residence : Urban 44.2 49.8 54.2 56.3 45.1
Residence : Rural 40.6 42.1 42.5 33.2 24.3
Education : No education 51.8 48.8 46.4 33.5 24.5
Education : Primary 42.4 40.5 41.9 37.7 27.8
Education : Secondary 34.5 36.9 39.4 42.7 36.6
Education : Higher 33.4 34.9 40.9 42.1 37.6
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 48.8 46.4 45.5 34.3 24.9
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 34.1 36.5 39.6 42.7 36.7
Wealth quintile : Lowest 41.8 35.6 30.3 23.8 15.7
Wealth quintile : Second 44.8 41.1 40.6 28.7 21.2
Wealth quintile : Middle 42.6 43.3 46.8 31.7 23.2
Wealth quintile : Fourth 41.7 45.3 48.2 38.9 26.6
Wealth quintile : Highest 43 48.9 53.9 55.2 44.9
Region : Eastern 41.7 36.2 44.8 37.9 26.8
Region : Central 45.4 49.9 46.4 36.9 28.6
Region : Western 34.9 38.7 36.6 34.3 25.2
Region : Midwestern 46.4 42.8 43.1 33.8 24.2
Region : Farwestern 48.1 47.1 49.5 28.8 19.6
Region : Province 1 40.1        
Region : Province 2 42.2        
Region : Province 3 49.2        
Region : Province 4 37.3        
Region : Province 5 38.9        
Region : Province 6 44.5        
Region : Province 7 48.1        
Region : Mountain 42.6        
Region : Hill 42.4        
Region : Terai 43.1        
Unmet need for family planning Total 23.7 27.5 24.7 27.8 32.4
Residence : Urban 22.7 20 19.7 15.9 21.1
Residence : Rural 25.3 28.7 25.6 29 33.4
Education : No education 17.9 22.8 21.7 28.3 32.2
Education : Primary 26.4 31 27.7 29 37.1
Education : Secondary 30.2 33.5 32.1 23.9 29.4
Education : Higher 23.2 27.1 24.4 18.7 19
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 20.6 25.2 23 28.4 32.8
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 28.2 32.3 31.2 23.4 28.1
Wealth quintile : Lowest 27 31.9 32.1 33.7 38.2
Wealth quintile : Second 23.7 28.6 26.8 30.9 35
Wealth quintile : Middle 24.3 28.9 22.7 30.8 32.2
Wealth quintile : Fourth 23.8 26.8 23.3 25.7 31.9
Wealth quintile : Highest 20.5 22.4 19.2 17 23.7
Region : Eastern 23.9 30.5 23.8 24 29.6
Region : Central 20.1 22 22.2 26.8 32
Region : Western 29.3 34.6 32.4 30.8 35.4
Region : Midwestern 26.3 26.9 25.7 29.6 32.3
Region : Farwestern 21.3 24.6 20.5 31.2 34.1
Region : Province 1 24.9        
Region : Province 2 20.6        
Region : Province 3 19.8        
Region : Province 4 30        
Region : Province 5 27.9        
Region : Province 6 25.7        
Region : Province 7 21.3        
Region : Mountain 22.8        
Region : Hill 25.5        
Region : Terai 22.4        
Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods Total 56 55.9 60.9 52.8 42.8
Residence : Urban 57 62.5 68 72 63.3
Residence : Rural 54.5 54.8 59.5 50.4 40.5
Education : No education 67.9 64.6 65.5 51.7 41.9
Education : Primary 55.2 51.8 57.3 53.3 40.9
Education : Secondary 44.7 46.7 50.8 57.5 51
Education : Higher 44.8 43.8 53.9 55 53.5
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 63.9 60.9 63.7 52 41.7
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 44.7 46.2 51.2 57.3 51.3
Wealth quintile : Lowest 55 49.2 46.5 39 28.1
Wealth quintile : Second 58.1 54.8 58.4 45.7 36.3
Wealth quintile : Middle 57.7 56.1 65.1 48 40.7
Wealth quintile : Fourth 56.4 57.5 63.3 57.1 43.6
Wealth quintile : Highest 53.2 59.7 67.3 70.5 61.6
Region : Eastern 53.4 47.1 60.8 54.3 44.3
Region : Central 61.1 65 64.2 55.1 45.4
Region : Western 46.3 48 49.9 50.6 40.7
Region : Midwestern 58.7 58 60.5 51.8 40.9
Region : Farwestern 61.1 61.6 68.6 46.6 35.8
Region : Province 1 50.1        
Region : Province 2 61.8        
Region : Province 3 61.2        
Region : Province 4 47.5        
Region : Province 5 51.3        
Region : Province 6 57.9        
Region : Province 7 61.1        
Region : Mountain 55.1        
Region : Hill 53.4        
Region : Terai 58.5        
Median age at first marriage [Women]: 25-49 Median age at first marriage [Women]: 25-50 17.9 17.5 17 16.7 16.2
Residence : Urban 18.3 18.5 17.8 17.6 17.2
Residence : Rural 17.2 17.4 16.9 16.6 16.1
Education : No education 16.8 16.6 16.6 16.4 16
Education : Primary 17.4 17.3 17.1 17.2 16.6
Education : Secondary 19 19.2 19 18.6 18.7
Education : Higher 22.3 23.2 21.9 22 23.4
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 17 16.8 16.7 16.5 16
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 20 20 19.5 18.9 19.4
Region : Eastern 18.4 18.7 17.5 17.5 16.9
Region : Central 17.7 17 16.8 16.3 15.9
Region : Western 18 17.7 17.4 17.2 16.5
Region : Midwestern 17.6 17.1 16.6 16.5 16
Region : Farwestern 17.3 16.6 16.7 16 15
Region : Province 1 19.4        
Region : Province 2 16.3        
Region : Province 3 19.4        
Region : Province 4 18.4        
Region : Province 5 17.7        
Region : Province 6 17.3        
Region : Province 7 17.3        
Region : Mountain 18.1        
Region : Hill 18.7        
Region : Terai 17.2        
Wealth quintile : Lowest 17.5 17 16.9    
Wealth quintile : Second 17.4 17.1 16.7    
Wealth quintile : Middle 17.1 17 16.7    
Wealth quintile : Fourth 17.8 17.5 16.8    
Wealth quintile : Highest 19.5 19.1 18.3    
Median age at first sexual intercourse [Women]: 25-49 Total 17.9 17.7 17 16.7 16.3
Residence : Urban 18.3 18.6 18 17.6 17.3
Residence : Rural 17.3 17.5 16.9 16.6 16.3
Education : No education 16.9 16.7 16.7 16.4 16.1
Education : Primary 17.4 17.5 17.2 17.2 16.7
Education : Secondary 18.9 19.3 19.1 18.6 18.8
Education : Higher 22.3 23.3 21.9 22 23.2
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 17 16.9 16.7 16.5 16.2
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 20 20 19.6 18.9 19.5
Region : Eastern 18.5 18.9 17.6 17.5 17.1
Region : Central 17.8 17.2 16.8 16.4 16
Region : Western 18 17.8 17.5 17.2 16.6
Region : Midwestern 17.6 17.3 16.7 16.5 16.1
Region : Farwestern 17.4 16.7 16.7 16 15.4
Region : Province 1 19.3        
Region : Province 2 16.5        
Region : Province 3 19.3        
Region : Province 4 18.4        
Region : Province 5 17.7        
Region : Province 6 17.3        
Region : Province 7 17.4        
Region : Mountain 18        
Region : Hill 18.7        
Region : Terai 17.3        
Wealth quintile : Lowest 17.6 17.1 16.9    
Wealth quintile : Second 17.4 17.2 16.7    
Wealth quintile : Middle 17.3 17.1 16.7    
Wealth quintile : Fourth 17.8 17.7 16.8    
Wealth quintile : Highest 19.5 19.3 18.4    
Infant mortality rate Total 32 46 48 64 78
Residence : Urban 32 38 37 50 61
Residence : Rural 47 55 64 79 95
Education : No education 50 62 69 85 98
Education : Primary 39 53 58 61 80
Education : Secondary 30 37 31 42 58
Education : Higher 17 31 12 9 15
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 46 60 67 81 96
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 26 36 29 39 53
Wealth quintile : Lowest 50 61 71 86 96
Wealth quintile : Second 45 56 62 88 107
Wealth quintile : Middle 42 55 70 77 104
Wealth quintile : Fourth 31 53 51 73 85
Wealth quintile : Highest 20 32 40 53 64
Region : Eastern 33 47 45 78 79
Region : Central 38 52 52 77 86
Region : Western 36 53 56 60 84
Region : Midwestern 42 58 97 73 115
Region : Farwestern 58 65 74 112 124
Region : Province 1 31        
Region : Province 2 43        
Region : Province 3 29        
Region : Province 4 23        
Region : Province 5 42        
Region : Province 6 47        
Region : Province 7 58        
Region : Mountain 57        
Region : Hill 32        
Region : Terai 41        
Under-five mortality rate Total 39 54 61 91 118
Residence : Urban 39 45 47 66 82
Residence : Rural 55 64 84 112 143
Education : No education 60 73 93 121 149
Education : Primary 43 62 67 74 99
Education : Secondary 34 41 35 53 65
Education : Higher 21 32 12 22 25
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 54 70 88 114 144
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 30 40 32 50 61
Wealth quintile : Lowest 62 75 98 130 156
Wealth quintile : Second 54 66 83 125 164
Wealth quintile : Middle 46 64 91 104 155
Wealth quintile : Fourth 36 59 63 97 118
Wealth quintile : Highest 24 36 47 68 83
Region : Eastern 40 55 60 105 113
Region : Central 46 60 68 111 138
Region : Western 39 57 73 84 119
Region : Midwestern 50 73 122 111 178
Region : Farwestern 69 82 100 149 179
Region : Province 1 36        
Region : Province 2 52        
Region : Province 3 36        
Region : Province 4 27        
Region : Province 5 45        
Region : Province 6 58        
Region : Province 7 69        
Region : Mountain 63        
Region : Hill 38        
Region : Terai 49        
Pregnancy-related mortality ratio Total 259 (CI: 151 -366)   281 (CI: 178 -384)   543 (CI: 397 -688)
Maternal mortality ratio Total 239 (CI: 134 -345)        
Place of delivery: Health facility Total 62.3 40.6 19.1 9.8 7.6
Residence : Urban 72.7 77.2 50.1 46.2 43.8
Residence : Rural 50.4 36.9 14.9 7.5 5.1
Education : No education 43.2 24.2 8.1 4.6 3.8
Education : Primary 52.8 36.5 19.5 12.5 10.7
Education : Secondary 73 59.3 39.7 33.5 31.8
Education : Higher 89.7 83.5 80.8 59.6 72.2
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 47 28 10.9 5.9 4.7
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 78.1 63.6 44.3 36 36.5
Wealth quintile : Lowest 38.7 13.9 4.6 2.6 1.7
Wealth quintile : Second 52.9 28.4 9.7 3.1 3.5
Wealth quintile : Middle 65.7 43.4 12.9 5.7 4.8
Wealth quintile : Fourth 73.2 56.2 24.7 10.6 6.2
Wealth quintile : Highest 90.3 84.1 57.6 39.2 29.9
Region : Eastern 64.1 47.7 17.6 11.4 7.2
Region : Central 58.9 39.1 26.4 12.4 11.3
Region : Western 66.2 43.1 19.3 10.3 7.4
Region : Midwestern 56.1 34.8 15.1 3.6 2.7
Region : Farwestern 73.6 33.9 9.1 6.6 3.9
Region : Province 1 63.5        
Region : Province 2 52.6        
Region : Province 3 72.5        
Region : Province 4 72.9        
Region : Province 5 64.9        
Region : Province 6 40.6        
Region : Province 7 73.6        
Region : Mountain 44.7        
Region : Hill 64.8        
Region : Terai 62.9        
Total 57.4 35.3 17.7 9  
Residence : Urban 68.6 71.3 47.8 44.6  
Residence : Rural 44.2 31.6 13.5 6.6  
Education : No education 36.4 19.3 7.9 4.2  
Education : Primary 49.2 31.5 18.9 12  
Education : Secondary 71.5 56.7 40 33.3  
Education : Higher 89 81.3 77.6 63.5  
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 41.1 22.9 10.4 5.4  
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 76.7 60.8 44.1 35.8  
Wealth quintile : Lowest 33.9 11.4 4.3 2.3  
Wealth quintile : Second 46.6 23.3 9.3 3  
Wealth quintile : Middle 57.6 35.4 11.9 5.5  
Wealth quintile : Fourth 69.5 51.9 21.7 9  
Wealth quintile : Highest 89.6 77.9 55 36.5  
Region : Eastern 61.4 39.6 16.6 9.7  
Region : Central 53.5 35.7 24.2 11.7  
Region : Western 61.7 38 17.4 9.4  
Region : Midwestern 49.7 29.1 13.6 3.8  
Region : Farwestern 66.4 29 8.5 6.1  
Region : Province 1 62.2        
Region : Province 2 44.6        
Region : Province 3 70.7        
Region : Province 4 68.3        
Region : Province 5 59.4        
Region : Province 6 35.6        
Region : Province 7 66.4        
Region : Mountain 41.7        
Region : Hill 61        
Region : Terai 56.9        
Received all 8 basic vaccinations Total 77.8 87 82.8 65.6 43.3
Residence : Urban 78.5 90 86.3 74.9 71.1
Residence : Rural 77 86.6 82.4 65 41.5
Education : No education 67.8 78.1 74.3 57 38.1
Education : Primary 75.8 94.6 88.2 83.2 56
Education : Secondary 81.5 93.6 97.8 89 73.2
Education : Higher 94.1 96.4 100    
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 71 83.2 77.8 61.5 40.1
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 85.1 94.1 98.1 90 74.9
Wealth quintile : Lowest 76.6 84.5 68 54.2 32.4
Wealth quintile : Second 77.2 83.9 82.4 62.4 34.6
Wealth quintile : Middle 70.9 84 87.1 64.5 40.8
Wealth quintile : Fourth 84.8 91.5 90.7 74.7 51
Wealth quintile : Highest 81.6 95.7 93.5 81.6 71.1
Region : Eastern 80.6 87.7 86.2 73.8 45.2
Region : Central 71.1 83.1 78.3 60 43.2
Region : Western 83.1 91.2 88.9 64.8 51
Region : Midwestern 78.6 84.7 80.8 69.9 39
Region : Farwestern 83.4 93.7 80.5 59.7 32.5
Region : Province 1 79.4        
Region : Province 2 65.2        
Region : Province 3 85.3        
Region : Province 4 92.7        
Region : Province 5 78.3        
Region : Province 6 74.9        
Region : Province 7 83.4        
Region : Mountain 74.1        
Region : Hill 88        
Region : Terai 71.3        
Treatment of diarrhea: Either ORS or RHF Total 57.7 43.4 28.2 30.7 28.6
Residence : Urban 58 46.6 28.8 37.7 46.2
Residence : Rural 57.3 43.1 28.1 30.3 27.6
Education : No education 54.4 44.1 22 27.3 25.8
Education : Primary 51.7 37.5 28.5 37.4 40.5
Education : Secondary 57.5 47 38.3 44.5 42
Education : Higher 76.5 40.6      
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 53.3 42.1 23.6 28.8 27.6
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 64.2 46.1 41.7 47.1 41.7
Wealth quintile : Lowest 54.2 43.9 17.6 25.1 22
Wealth quintile : Second 48.9 40.2 24.8 26.4 25.9
Wealth quintile : Middle 59.2 39.8 30.6 30 32.7
Wealth quintile : Fourth 62.8 55.3 36.7 37.7 26.9
Wealth quintile : Highest 65.2 38.4 37.5 43.4 48.1
Region : Eastern 58.8 49.1 31.2 36.1 35.7
Region : Central 56.1 41.7 25.2 26.1 29.1
Region : Western 61.7 36 25.9 30.9 26.8
Region : Midwestern 63.7 49.6 35.3 28.4 25.3
Region : Farwestern 41.7 43.1 28.4 35 25
Region : Province 1 58.7        
Region : Province 2 55.2        
Region : Province 3 57.8        
Region : Province 5 57.6        
Region : Province 6 82.4        
Region : Province 7 41.7        
Region : Hill 53.6        
Region : Terai 58.9        
Total 61.3 44.9 29.3 32.2  
Residence : Urban 61.1 48.7 29.3 45.6  
Residence : Rural 61.6 44.5 29.3 31.4  
Education : No education 56.3 44.8 24 29.1  
Education : Primary 56.7 39.6 26 39  
Education : Secondary 61 48.5 41.7 44.8  
Education : Higher 83 48.1      
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 56.4 43.3 24.5 30.6  
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 68.7 48.4 45 46.9  
Wealth quintile : Lowest 55.5 46.5 17.9 26.6  
Wealth quintile : Second 53.1 42.9 29.3 26.8  
Wealth quintile : Middle 63.5 39.1 29.9 32.3  
Wealth quintile : Fourth 63.1 56.7 38.3 38.1  
Wealth quintile : Highest 74.1 41.6 39.6 47.7  
Region : Eastern 61.2 52.7 30.8 38.7  
Region : Central 59.6 39.7 27 27.2  
Region : Western 64.2 38.6 25.7 33.8  
Region : Midwestern 68.9 52.3 37.9 27.5  
Region : Farwestern 50.9 49.1 31.1 35.5  
Region : Province 1 61.6        
Region : Province 2 56.4        
Region : Province 3 64.7        
Region : Province 5 60.7        
Region : Province 6 84.8        
Region : Province 7 50.9        
Region : Hill 60.9        
Region : Terai 60.7        
Children stunted Total 35.8 40.5 49.3 57.2 56.6
Residence : Urban 32 26.7 36.3 42.7 45.6
Residence : Rural 40.2 41.8 51.1 58.2 57.3
Education : No education 45.7 47.6 57.7 61.5 60.5
Education : Primary 36.7 40.6 46.3 50.5 48.7
Education : Secondary 30 30.6 29.7 41.7 35
Education : Higher 21.1 22.8 16 34.8 18.4
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 42.5 45.6 55.1 59.7 58.9
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 27.4 29.4 28.2 39.7 33.3
Wealth quintile : Lowest 49.2 56 61.6 67.6 64.5
Wealth quintile : Second 38.7 45.7 54.9 61.3 61
Wealth quintile : Middle 35.7 34.5 50.4 54.3 58.1
Wealth quintile : Fourth 32.4 30.5 39.8 53.1 52.2
Wealth quintile : Highest 16.5 25.8 31 42.1 39.8
Region : Eastern 32.6 37 40.2 50.8 46.9
Region : Central 34.7 38.2 50 58.5 59.2
Region : Western 37.5 37.4 50.4 57.5 59.6
Region : Midwestern 42 50.3 57.9 62 56.8
Region : Farwestern 35.9 46.4 52.5 59.9 60.7
Region : Province 1 32.6        
Region : Province 2 37        
Region : Province 3 29.4        
Region : Province 4 28.9        
Region : Province 5 38.5        
Region : Province 6 54.5        
Region : Province 7 35.9        
Region : Mountain 46.8        
Region : Hill 32.3        
Region : Terai 36.7        
Children wasted Total 9.6 10.9 12.6 11.2 14.8
Residence : Urban 9.2 8.2 7.5 9 9.2
Residence : Rural 10 11.2 13.3 11.4 15.1
Education : No education 12.3 13.3 14.6 12.8 16
Education : Primary 8.9 11.3 8.4 9.3 10.8
Education : Secondary 8.5 6.4 11.4 6.1 9.5
Education : Higher 7.2 11.5 7.9 2.8 7.1
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 11.1 12.7 13.2 12.2 15.3
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 8.1 7.2 11 5.1 9.3
Wealth quintile : Lowest 8.6 12.5 11.5 12.7 15.7
Wealth quintile : Second 9.1 10.7 15.1 13 16.9
Wealth quintile : Middle 10.6 12.9 15.2 12.1 17.5
Wealth quintile : Fourth 11.3 8.8 12.8 9.7 14.5
Wealth quintile : Highest 7.3 7.4 7 6.9 6.5
Region : Eastern 13.1 10.2 10 8.8 12.9
Region : Central 9.8 11.6 13.8 15.5 14.6
Region : Western 6 10.4 10.9 8.1 12.7
Region : Midwestern 8.6 11.3 11.6 8.9 17.6
Region : Farwestern 9.2 10.9 16.7 12.6 19.2
Region : Province 1 11.8        
Region : Province 2 14.3        
Region : Province 3 4.2        
Region : Province 4 5.8        
Region : Province 5 7.6        
Region : Province 6 7.2        
Region : Province 7 9.2        
Region : Mountain 6.1        
Region : Hill 6.3        
Region : Terai 12.1        
Children underweight Total 27 28.8 38.6 42.7 42.3
Residence : Urban 23.4 16.5 23.2 27.9 24.6
Residence : Rural 31.1 30 40.7 43.8 43.5
Education : No education 36.7 38.4 46.6 47.8 46.5
Education : Primary 28 26.1 31.1 34.5 30.9
Education : Secondary 21.3 18.1 24 25.8 22.3
Education : Higher 13.7 8.6 11.3 19.6 8.5
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 33.5 34.8 43 45.6 44.5
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 19 16.5 22.6 23.9 20.9
Wealth quintile : Lowest 32.9 40.3 47 51.3 49.8
Wealth quintile : Second 28.1 31.6 45.9 47 47.1
Wealth quintile : Middle 33 28.8 41.7 44.6 46.4
Wealth quintile : Fourth 23.5 22.9 31 37.5 38.4
Wealth quintile : Highest 11.4 10.1 18.9 25.2 21.4
Region : Eastern 26.5 25.4 32.8 36.3 35.3
Region : Central 28 29.5 38.3 46.7 44.5
Region : Western 23.7 23.2 38.6 38.7 40.9
Region : Midwestern 29.1 36.9 43.4 45.6 43.5
Region : Farwestern 28.2 32.6 43.7 47.6 50.3
Region : Province 1 24.5        
Region : Province 2 36.6        
Region : Province 3 13.4        
Region : Province 4 14.9        
Region : Province 5 27.2        
Region : Province 6 35.5        
Region : Province 7 28.2        
Region : Mountain 28.5        
Region : Hill 18.1        
Region : Terai 32.5        
Median duration of exclusive breastfeeding Total 4.2 4.3 2.5 4.1 4.7
Residence : Urban 3.9 3.4 2.2 0.8 3.9
Residence : Rural 4.5 4.3 2.6 4.3 4.8
Education : No education 4.3 5.2 2.5 4.6 5
Education : Primary 4.5 4.7 3.7 3 4.8
Education : Secondary 3.8 3.3 2.2 2.6 3.2
Education : Higher 4.4 2.8 1.4 4.1 3.7
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 4.4 5 2.9 4.3 5
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 4 3.2 2.1 2.7 3.3
Wealth quintile : Lowest 4.9 4.6 3.6 4.5 5.3
Wealth quintile : Second 3.7 4.6 2.4 3.4 4.8
Wealth quintile : Middle 4.5 4.7 2.8 4.6 5.5
Wealth quintile : Fourth 3.7 4.3 2.2 5 4.4
Wealth quintile : Highest 3.6 2.3 1.8 2.4 3.7
Region : Eastern 3.5 3.6 2.3 3.8 4.4
Region : Central 3.6 4.8 2.2 4.3 4.7
Region : Western 4.9 3.6 3.2 3.4 4.2
Region : Midwestern 4.9 4 3.4 4.9 5.4
Region : Farwestern 5.2 5.5 3.1 3.7 5.6
Region : Province 1 3.3        
Region : Province 2 3.7        
Region : Province 3 3.6        
Region : Province 4 4.6        
Region : Province 5 4.9        
Region : Province 6 5.4        
Region : Province 7 5.2        
Region : Mountain 4.7        
Region : Hill 4        
Region : Terai 4.2        
Women receiving an HIV test and receiving test results in the last 12 months Residence : Urban 4.7 3.9      
Residence : Rural 3.4 2.7      
Education : No education 1.9 1.7      
Education : Primary 2.8 2.3      
Education : Secondary 5.1 3.4      
Education : Higher 9.1 7.9      
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 2.2 1.9      
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 6.3 4.2      
Wealth quintile : Lowest 3.5 2.8      
Wealth quintile : Second 3.3 1.9      
Wealth quintile : Middle 3.3 1.8      
Wealth quintile : Fourth 4.2 3.5      
Wealth quintile : Highest 6.7 4.2      
Total 15-49 4.3 2.9      
Region : Eastern 2.9 2.3      
Region : Central 3.5 1.9      
Region : Western 4.9 2.7      
Region : Midwestern 4.7 4.4      
Region : Farwestern 8.9 6.4      
Region : Province 1 3.3        
Region : Province 2 1.3        
Region : Province 3 5        
Region : Province 4 4.3        
Region : Province 5 5.8        
Region : Province 6 2.9        
Region : Province 7 8.9        
Region : Mountain 3.1        
Region : Hill 5.3        
Region : Terai 3.5        
Men receiving an HIV test and receiving test results in the last 12 months Total 8.1 7.5      
Residence : Urban 8.5 9.7      
Residence : Rural 7.2 7      
Education : No education 3.9 1.9      
Education : Primary 5.8 3.6      
Education : Secondary 9.6 9.7      
Education : Higher 8.5 10.1      
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 5.2 2.9      
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 9.3 9.8      
Wealth quintile : Lowest 5.3 3.9      
Wealth quintile : Second 3.5 3.5      
Wealth quintile : Middle 9.2 7.9      
Wealth quintile : Fourth 10.6 9      
Wealth quintile : Highest 9.7 10.4      
Total 15-49 8.1 7.5      
Region : Eastern 9.6 7.7      
Region : Central 8.4 7.3      
Region : Western 6 8.4      
Region : Midwestern 6.1 6.6      
Region : Farwestern 10 6.7      
Region : Province 1 8        
Region : Province 2 11.2        
Region : Province 3 7.6        
Region : Province 4 6.3        
Region : Province 5 6        
Region : Province 6 5.4        
Region : Province 7 10        
Region : Mountain 9        
Region : Hill 7.9        
Region : Terai 8.1        
Physical or sexual violence committed by husband/partner Residence : Urban 23.4 25.4      
Residence : Rural 25.6 29.1      
Education : No education 32.1 36.1      
Education : Primary 26.4 24.1      
Education : Secondary 16.2 19.7      
Education : Higher 11.9 15.3      
Education (2 groups) : No education or primary 30.4 32.8      
Education (2 groups) : Secondary or higher 14.9 18.8      
Wealth quintile : Lowest 22.7 30.4      
Wealth quintile : Second 26.5 31.3      
Wealth quintile : Middle 29.5 35.8      
Wealth quintile : Fourth 24.9 28.6      
Wealth quintile : Highest 17.1 16.5      
Total 15-49 24.3 28.2      
Region : Eastern 23.9 32.2      
Region : Central 28.6 28.8      
Region : Western 19.5 20.3      
Region : Midwestern 23.6 31.5      
Region : Farwestern 20.2 23.8      
Region : Province 1 20.4        
Region : Province 2 35.2        
Region : Province 3 22.6        
Region : Province 4 13.1        
Region : Province 5 26.9        
Region : Province 6 17.7        
Region : Province 7 20.2        
Region : Mountain 16.2        
Region : Hill 17.9        
Region : Terai 30.6        
Women with secondary or higher education Residence : Urban 56.8 63.7 52.1 37.9 36.5
Residence : Rural 38.6 39.2 25.1 10.6 6.5
Wealth quintile : Lowest 33.4 16.4 12.4 3.8 1.4
Wealth quintile : Second 41.9 26.7 15.9 4.8 2.3
Wealth quintile : Middle 39.1 35.3 19.5 7.4 4.3
Wealth quintile : Fourth 53.1 51.4 35.6 12.4 9
Wealth quintile : Highest 77.2 74.6 59 39 30
Total 15-49 50 42.8 29.3 13.2 9
Region : Eastern 51.4 50.3 32.7 16.5 11.5
Region : Central 47.3 39 27.4 11.5 9.7
Region : Western 57.1 48.1 35.9 18.1 10
Region : Midwestern 46 35.6 25 9.2 5.8
Region : Farwestern 46.9 34.2 22.9 6.3 3.7
Region : Province 1 56.6        
Region : Province 2 29.3        
Region : Province 3 61.1        
Region : Province 4 61.7        
Region : Province 5 50.2        
Region : Province 6 45.4        
Region : Province 7 46.9        
Region : Mountain 44.4        
Region : Hill 57.8        
Region : Terai 44        
Women who are literate Residence : Urban 75.2 82.8 75.8 64  
Residence : Rural 58.8 64 50.6 32.2  
Wealth quintile : Lowest 58.7 44.1 36.7 20.6  
Wealth quintile : Second 63.5 52.9 42.6 23.2  
Wealth quintile : Middle 58.9 60.9 45.9 28  
Wealth quintile : Fourth 70.4 76.5 62 37.4  
Wealth quintile : Highest 90.4 91 81.4 69.1  
Total 15-49 69.1 66.7 54.5 35.3  
Region : Eastern 67.9 71.9 55.9 38.1  
Region : Central 64.5 59.6 50.5 27.9  
Region : Western 78.1 77 64.6 50.9  
Region : Midwestern 71.6 62.2 54.7 32.4  
Region : Farwestern 67 61.2 48.1 24.4  
Region : Province 1 77.7        
Region : Province 2 38.5        
Region : Province 3 82        
Region : Province 4 86.4        
Region : Province 5 72.6        
Region : Province 6 66.2        
Region : Province 7 67        
Region : Mountain 64.3        
Region : Hill 80.8        
Region : Terai 59.8        
Households with electricity Total 90.5 76.3 51.2 24.6 17.9
Residence : Urban 94.2 97 90.1 85.7 78.4
Residence : Rural 84.5 72.9 43.2 17.4 12.1
Region : Eastern 90.3 80 48.8 27.8 15.2
Region : Central 95 76.8 58.1 29.1 28.5
Region : Western 94.1 86.1 61.3 30.2 16.7
Region : Midwestern 75.1 58.6 47 7.6 7
Region : Farwestern 85.2 63.6 21.3 11.5 4.4
Region : Province 1 90.3        
Region : Province 2 89.9        
Region : Province 3 97.9        
Region : Province 4 95.6        
Region : Province 5 88.2        
Region : Province 6 67.5        
Region : Province 7 85.2        
Region : Mountain 84.6        
Region : Hill 91.2        
Region : Terai 90.7        
Total fertility rate 15-49 Total fertility rate for the three years preceding the survey for age group 15-49 expressed per woman
Married women currently using any method of contraception Percentage of currently married or in union women currently using any method of contraception
Married women currently using any modern method of contraception Percentage of currently married or in union women currently using any modern method of contraception
Unmet need for family planning Percentage of currently married or in union women with an unmet need for family planning
Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods Percentage of demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods is calculated as the number of currently married women using modern methods of family planning divided by the number of currently married women with demand for family planning (either with unmet need or currently using any family planning)
Median age at first marriage [Women]: 25-49 Median age at first marriage or union in years among women age 25-49
Median age at first sexual intercourse [Women]: 25-49 Median age at first sexual intercourse in years among women age 25-49
Infant mortality rate Probability of dying before the first birthday (in the ten years preceding the survey [five years for Total]) per 1,000 live births
Under-five mortality rate Probability of dying before the fifth birthday (in the ten years preceding the survey [five years for Total]) per 1,000 live births
Place of delivery: Health facility Percentage of live births in the five (or three) years preceding the survey delivered at a health facility
Received all 8 basic vaccinations Percentage of children 12-23 months who had received all 8 basic vaccinations
Treatment of diarrhea: Either ORS or RHF Percentage of children born in the five (or three) years preceding the survey with diarrhea in the two weeks preceding the survey who received either oral rehydration solution (ORS) or recommended home fluids (RHF)
Children stunted Percentage of children stunted (below -2 SD of height for age according to the WHO standard)
Children wasted Percentage of children wasted (below -2 SD of weight for height according to the WHO standard)
Children underweight Percentage of children underweight (below -2 SD of weight for age according to the WHO standard)
Median duration of exclusive breastfeeding Median duration of exclusive breastfeeding (months)
Children under 5 who slept under an insecticide-treated net (ITN) Percentage of children under age five who slept under an insecticide treated net (ITN) the night before the survey
HIV prevalence among women Percentage HIV positive among adult women who were tested. Data are shown with lower and upper bounds of the confidence intervals showing the range of the estimate with 95% probability. Starting around 2015 The DHS Program changed the HIV testing algorithm to add a confirmatory test for all EIA positive specimens. This change may affect trends in HIV prevalence estimates in some countries.
HIV prevalence among men Percentage HIV positive among adult men who were tested. Data are shown with lower and upper bounds of the confidence intervals showing the range of the estimate with 95% probability. Starting around 2015 The DHS Program changed the HIV testing algorithm to add a confirmatory test for all EIA positive specimens. This change may affect trends in HIV prevalence estimates in some countries.
HIV prevalence among general population Percentage HIV positive among adult respondents who were tested. Data are shown with lower and upper bounds of the confidence intervals showing the range of the estimate with 95% probability. Starting around 2015 The DHS Program changed the HIV testing algorithm to add a confirmatory test for all EIA positive specimens. This change may affect trends in HIV prevalence estimates in some countries.
Women receiving an HIV test and receiving test results in the last 12 months Percentage of women who received an HIV test in the 12 months preceding the interview and received the test results
Men receiving an HIV test and receiving test results in the last 12 months Percentage of men who received an HIV test in the 12 months preceding the interview and received the test results
Pregnancy-related mortality ratio Pregnancy-related mortality ratio for the seven years preceding the survey expressed per 1,000 women-years of exposure. Pregnancy-related deaths are deaths during pregnancy, delivery and in the two months following delivery, including deaths due to accidents or violence
Maternal mortality ratio Maternal mortality ratio for the seven years preceding the survey expressed per 100,000 live births, calculated as the age-adjusted maternal mortality rate times 100 divided by the age-adjusted general fertility rate. Maternal deaths are deaths to adult females during pregnancy, delivery or in the 42 days following delivery, excluding those due to accidents or violence.
Women circumcised (FGC) Percentage of women circumcised (women who experienced female genital cutting (FGM))
Physical or sexual violence committed by husband/partner Percentage of ever married women who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence committed by their husband or partner
Women who are literate Percentage of women who are literate
Women with secondary or higher education Percentage of women with secondary or higher education
Households with electricity Percentage of households with electricity
ICF International, 2015. The DHS Program STATcompiler. Funded by USAID. https://www.statcompiler.com. November 13 2017
September 18, 2018 1 comment
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ActivitiesConferencePublic HealthPublic Health EventsTobacco Control

APACT 12th Youth Vision: Choose Youth Not Tobacco!

by Public Health Update September 14, 2018
written by Public Health Update

APACT 12th Youth Vision: Choose Youth Not Tobacco!

The Twelfth Asia Pacific Conference on Tobacco or Health, Bali, Indonesia, 13th September 2018 

We,  the youth of the twelfth Asia Pacific Conference on Tobacco or Health, are one hundred percent
committed to end tobacco to achieve Sustainable Development Goals, or the SDGs. A new era,
where youth take the baton of leadership in tobacco control, has begun​.
Globally, more than seven million people’s lives, end prematurely due to smoking. One billion men
and women ages fifteen an older smoke​. Some of them are exposed to smoking in their homes
and at public places. Each and every one of these deaths, causes immense pain and suffering​.
Now/ imagine that we could turn back time to before the tobacco industry had influence and control
in our communities and our countries’ policies and prevent these problems. If cigarettes are
expensive​, if advertising and sponsorship were banned​, if we had clean air​ to breathe everywhere.
We cannot turn back time, but we can prevent future unnecessary deaths​. We can protect children
from tobacco products and their advertising.
When youth become the target of this irresponsible action, then we must come forward, as the
champion/ of a new wave of change​. We come to APACT with our inquisitiveness, passion, and
energy​. We implore policymakers, all sectors of government, civil society members, and other
stakeholders, to recognize that holding the tobacco industry accountable, is non-negotiable​. The
industry must be held responsible​/ for every damaging action they have done/ every dollar they
invested to destroy each and every life. We call for bolder action​/ in pursuit of the following goals.

  1. Build healthier lives, and tobacco-free generation for the future.
  2. Encourage stronger commitment from high-level decision makers, to end tobacco’s
    favouritism, in countries’ policy agendas by meaningful implementation of FCTC.
  3. Enforce smart fiscal policies like tobacco taxes that will prevent vulnerable groups and
    children from starting to smoke and the consequences from smoking.
  4. Support strengthen and mobilize youth voices and civil society movement toward
    impactful campaign.

As Big Tobacco’s target, we​ the youth of the Asia Pacific region/ stand up and call for the right/ to
breathe fresh air/ not smoke, and not be exposed to tobacco advertising. The fate of the SDGs in
2030, will depend on the quality of life​, and health​ of youth today​. We urge policy makers and
community leaders to acknowledge the importance of meaningful involvement ​of youth in tobacco
control policy-making to achieve the SDGs. We are not the leaders of tomorrow, we are the leaders
of today​.  We will continue the important work to end tobacco’s harm in our communities in our
countries, and in the Asia-Pacific region.
Together​, we can make a tobacco-free world.
 

CHOOSE YOUTH NOT TOBACCO! 

APACT 12th Youth Vision: Choose Youth Not Tobacco!

Participant/ Presenter 

2 3 1 4 1 5 6 1
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Youth Delegate from Nepal  Miss Ashmita Ghimire 

September 14, 2018 0 comments
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Global Health NewsPublic HealthPublic Health News

Global hunger continues to rise, new UN report says

by Public Health Update September 13, 2018
written by Public Health Update
Global hunger continues to rise, new UN report says: 821 million people now hungry and over 150 million children stunted, putting hunger eradication goal at risk

11 September 2018  News Release (WHO MEDIA CENTRE)

New evidence continues to signal that the number of hungry people in the world is growing, reaching 821 million in 2017 or one in every nine people, according to The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018 released on 11 Sep. Limited progress is also being made in addressing the multiple forms of malnutrition, ranging from child stunting to adult obesity, putting the health of hundreds of millions of people at risk.
Hunger has been on the rise over the past three years, returning to levels from a decade ago. This reversal in progress sends a clear warning that more must be done and urgently if the Sustainable Development Goal of Zero Hunger is to be achieved by 2030. 
The situation is worsening in South America and most regions of Africa, while the decreasing trend in undernourishment that characterized Asia seems to be slowing down significantly.
The annual UN report found that climate variability affecting rainfall patterns and agricultural seasons, and climate extremes such as droughts and floods, are among the key drivers behind the rise in hunger, together with conflict and economic slowdowns.
“The alarming signs of increasing food insecurity and high levels of different forms of malnutrition are a clear warning that there is considerable work to be done to make sure we ‘leave no one behind’ on the road towards achieving the SDG goals on food security and improved nutrition,” the heads of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the World Food Programme (WFP) and WHO warned in their joint foreword to the report. 
“If we are to achieve a world without hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030, it is imperative that we accelerate and scale up actions to strengthen the resilience and adaptive capacity of food systems and people’s livelihoods in response to climate variability and extremes,” the leaders said.
 The impact of climate variability and extremes on hunger 
Changes in climate are already undermining production of major crops such as wheat, rice and maize in tropical and temperate regions and, without building climate resilience, this is expected to worsen as temperatures increase and become more extreme.  
Analysis in the report shows that the prevalence and number of undernourished people tend to be higher in countries highly exposed to climate extremes. Undernourishment is higher again when exposure to climate extremes is compounded by a high proportion of the population depending on agricultural systems that are highly sensitive to rainfall and temperature variability.   
Temperature anomalies over agricultural cropping areas continued to be higher than the long-term mean throughout 2011–2016, leading to more frequent spells of extreme heat in the last five years. The nature of rainfall seasons is also changing, such as the late or early start of rainy seasons and the unequal distribution of rainfall within a season. 
The harm to agricultural production contributes to shortfalls in food availability, with knock-on effects causing food price hikes and income losses that reduce people’s access to food.  
 Slow progress on ending all forms of malnutrition 
Poor progress has been made in reducing child stunting, the report says, with nearly 151 million children aged under 5 too short for their age due to malnutrition in 2017, compared to 165 million in 2012. Globally, Africa and Asia accounted for 39% and 55%  of all stunted children, respectively.
Prevalence of child wasting remains extremely high in Asia where almost 1 in 10 children under five has low weight for their height, compared to just one in 100 in Latin America and the Caribbean.
The report describes as “shameful” the fact that one in three women of reproductive age globally is affected by anaemia, which has significant health and development consequences for both women and their children. No region has shown a decline in anaemia among women of reproductive age, and the prevalence in Africa and Asia is nearly three times higher than in North America.
Rates of exclusive breastfeeding in Africa and Asia are 1.5 times higher than those in North America where only 26% of infants under 6 months receive breastmilk exclusively.
The other side of hunger: obesity on the rise 
Adult obesity is worsening, and more than one in eight adults in the world is obese. The problem is most significant in North America, but Africa and Asia are also experiencing an upward trend, the report shows.
Undernutrition and obesity coexist in many countries, and can even be seen side by side in the same household. Poor access to nutritious food due to its higher cost, the stress of living with food insecurity, and physiological adaptations to food deprivation help explain why food-insecure families may have a higher risk of overweight and obesity.
Call for action
The report calls for implementing and scaling up interventions aimed at guaranteeing access to nutritious foods and breaking the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition. Policies must pay special attention to groups who are the most vulnerable to the harmful consequences of poor food access: infants, children aged under five, school-aged children, adolescent girls, and women.
At the same time, a sustainable shift must be made towards nutrition-sensitive agriculture and food systems that can provide safe and high-quality food for all.
The report also calls for greater efforts to build climate resilience through policies that promote climate change adaptation and mitigation, and disaster risk reduction.  
Key facts and figures

  • Number of  hungry people in the world in 2017: 821 million or 1 in every 9 people
  • in Asia: 515 million
  • in Africa: 256.5 million
  • in Latin America and the Caribbean: 39 million
  • Children under 5 affected by stunting (low height-for-age): 150.8 million (22.2%)
  • Children under 5 affected by wasting (low weight-for-height): 50.5 million (7.5%)
  • Children under 5 who are overweight (high weight-for-height): 38.3 million (5.6%)
  • Percentage of women of reproductive age affected by anaemia: 32.8%
  • Percentage of infants aged below 6 months who were exclusively breastfed: 40.7%
  • Adults who are obese: 672 million (13% or 1 in 8 adults).

PRESS RELEASE: WHO 

DOWNLOAD FULL REPORT: The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2018

September 13, 2018 0 comments
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Public Health

Senior Surveillance and M&E Specialist – FHI 360

by Public Health Update September 12, 2018
written by Public Health Update

Senior Surveillance and M&E Specialist – FHI 360: FHI 360, an international NGO, is recruiting a highly qualified and dynamic Nepali citizen for The Fleming Fund Country Grant for Nepal for tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Nepal funded by the UK Government through Department of Health and Social Care and managed by Mott MacDonald – the Fleming Fund Management Agent and implemented by FHI 360 Nepal in collaboration with the Antimicrobial Resistance Containment Multi-sectoral and Steering Committee (AMRCSC) and National Technical Working Committee  for the position of Senior Surveillance and Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Specialist:
Senior Surveillance and M&E Specialist 
Senior Surveillance and M&E Specialist will be responsible for oversight of activities related to strengthening the capacity and systems for AMR/antimicrobial use (AMU) surveillance in humans and animals and manage the country grant program data. This position is based in Kathmandu with frequent field visits (30 percent or more) in different parts of Nepal. 
Key Responsibilities 

  • Provide technical leadership in design, planning, implementation, monitoring, data analysis, report preparation and sharing of AMR/AMU surveillance in humans and animals.
  • Provide technical assistance to National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL) and AMR/AMU surveillance sites to collect, refine and analyze the AMR/AMU surveillance data.
  • Share the findings including AMR/AMU trends to AMRSC, National Technical Working Committee, and AMR/AMU technical working group (TWG) quarterly and annually.
  • Provide technical leadership in mapping of distribution pathways of antibiotics in humans and animals.
  • Lead, coordinate and support to design, develop, and conduct surveillance- and M&E-related training.
  • Support to prepare monitoring plan, and conduct supportive supervision and monitoring of, and onsite coaching and mentoring to NPHL, CVL and AMR/AMU surveillance sites.
  • Provide technical support and guidance to the project team on surveillance and M&E-related activities. 
  • Provide technical assistance to prepare and submit AMR/AMU-related data and report as per the national, regional and global standard and requirements.
  • Lead and coordinate to develop/revise and implementation of the M&E Plan for the Fleming Fund Country Grant for Nepal.
  • Lead and coordinate to develop/adapt recording and reporting system, tools and guidelines as per the requirements of the Fleming Fund Country Grant for Nepal.
  • Manage country grant program data, recording and reporting and ensure quality of the data.
  • Support to prepare quarterly report including good practices, lessons learnt and success stories.
  • Perform other related duties as assigned by Team Leader, Project Director, and/or Country Director.

Minimum Requirements:

  • Master’s degree in Public Health or other relevant subjects and three years’ experience or a Bachelor’s degree in public health or other relevant subjects and five years’ experience in managing and conducting epidemiological and/or social science research and surveillance in public health. 
  • Experience in standard statistical methods/tools in research and with quantitative and qualitative research method.
  • Experience in monitoring and evaluation, data analysis and use in public health.
  • Strong negotiation, coordination, communication and interpersonal skills. 
  • Knowledge and experience of AMR/AMU and disease surveillance and other relevant health programs.
  • Sensitivity to cultural differences and understanding of the ethical issues surrounding research and surveillance.

The above job descriptions summarize the main duties of the job, and neither prescribe nor restrict the exact tasks that may be assigned to carry out these duties. 
How to Apply:
Interested and qualified candidates can apply through FHI 360 career at http://www.fhi360.org/careers
Deadline for application: September 21, 2018.
Only short-listed candidates will be invited for written test and oral interview. Any effort to influence the selection process will result in disqualification.
FHI 360 is an equal opportunity and affirmative action employer. FHI 360 is committed to providing equal employment opportunity without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, national or ethnic origin, age, disability or status as a veteran with respect to policies, programs, or activities.

Source of Info: JOBSNEPAL.COM

September 12, 2018 0 comments
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PH Important DayPublic Health

''Working Together to Prevent Suicide'' World Suicide Prevention Day 2018

by Public Health Update September 10, 2018
written by Public Health Update

”Working Together to Prevent Suicide” World Suicide Prevention Day 2018: World Suicide Prevention Day (WSPD), on 10 September, is organized by the International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP). WHO has been co-sponsor of the day. The purpose of this day is to raise awareness around the globe that suicide can be prevented.
Suicide prevention remains a universal challenge. Every year, suicide is among the top 20 leading causes of death globally for people of all ages. It is responsible for over 800,000 deaths, which equates to one suicide every 40 seconds. Every life lost represents someone’s partner, child, parent, friend or colleague. For each suicide approximately 135 people suffer intense grief or are otherwise affected. This amounts to 108 million people per year who are profoundly impacted by suicidal behaviour. Suicidal behaviour includes suicide, and also encompases suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. For every suicide, 25 people make a suicide attempt and many more have serious thoughts of suicide. Suicide is the result of a convergence of genetic, psychological, social and cultural and other risk factors, sometimes combined with experiences of trauma and loss. People who take their own lives represent a heterogeneous group, with unique, complex and multifaceted causal influences preceding their final act. Such heterogeneity presents challenges for suicide prevention experts. These challenges can be overcome by adopting a multilevel and cohesive approach to suicide prevention.
Preventing suicide is often possible and you are a key player in its prevention! You can make a difference – as a member of society, as a child, as a parent, as a friend, as a colleague or as a neighbour. There are many things that you can do daily, and also on World Suicide Prevention Day (WSPD), to prevent suicidal behaviour. You can raise awareness about the issue, educate yourself and others about the causes of suicide and warning signs for suicide, show compassion and care for those who are in distress in your community, question the stigma associated with suicide, suicidal behaviour and mental health problems and share your own experiences.
It takes work to prevent suicide. The positive benefits of this work are infinite and sustainable and can have a massive impact. The work can affect not only those in distress but also their loved ones, those working in the area and also society as a whole. We must endeavour to develop evidence based suicide prevention activities that reach those who are struggling in every part of the world. J oining together is critical to preventing suicide. Preventing suicide requires the efforts of many. It takes family, friends, co-workers, community members, educators, religious leaders, healthcare professionals, political officials and governments. Suicide prevention requires integrative strategies that encompass work at the individual, systems and community level. Research suggests that suicide prevention efforts will be much more effective if they span multiple levels and incorporate multiple interventions. This requires the involvement of interventions that occur in communities and involve social and policy reforms, as well as interventions that are delivered directly to individuals. To reach our common goal in preventing suicidal behaviour we as the public, we as organisations, we as legislators and we as members of society must work collaboratively, in a coordinated fashion, using a multidisciplinary approach.
Everyone can make a contribution in preventing suicide. Suicidal behaviour is universal, knows no boundaries so it affects everyone. The millions of people affected each year by suicidal behaviour have exclusive insight and unique voices. Their experiences are invaluable for informing suicide prevention measures and influencing the provision of supports for suicidal people and those around them. The involvement of people with lived experience of suicide in research, evaluation and intervention should be central to the work of every organisation addressing suicidal behaviour.
This year is the first WSPD with the theme “Working Together to Prevent Suicide.” This theme will be retained for WSPD in 2019 and 2020.

SOURCE OF INFO 

MORE INFO:

  • WHO
  • International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP)
September 10, 2018 0 comments
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Public Health

Countries in WHO South-East Asia to intensify efforts to control dengue, eliminate malaria

by Public Health Update September 7, 2018
written by Public Health Update

Countries in WHO South-East Asia to intensify efforts to control dengue, eliminate malaria
SEAR/PR/1700  WHO South-East Asia :MEDIA CENTRE 
New Delhi, 7 September 2018: Countries in WHO South-East Asia resolved to accelerate efforts to control dengue which threatens nearly 1.3 billion people with frequent and largescale outbreaks, and control malaria, that continues to be endemic in the Region.
“We need to intensify multi-sectoral approach at the national as well as the grassroots level to reach the most vulnerable and marginalized communities, strengthen surveillance, operationalize cross-border collaboration and most importantly promote vector control,” Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh, Regional Director WHO South-East Asia, said at the Seventy-first Regional Committee session, which concluded here today.
The 11-Member countries of the Region which accounts for one-fourth of the global population, 58% of the global burden of Plasmodium vivax malaria, and is at increasing risk of dengue and other vector borne diseases in view of the increasing urbanization and climate change, adopted a resolution to prioritize dengue control and malaria elimination.
Reviewing the progress, challenges, capacities and opportunities for strengthening health workforce, the countries agreed to continue to focus on frontline workers, improve rural retention and transformative education, and increase coordination between health and other ministries.
To further advance health of newborns, children and mothers, the countries agreed to enhance budgets and address social inequities. They emphasized that integrated approach with reproductive newborn, maternal, child and adolescent health programmes activities are at the heart of universal health coverage and for ensuring quality of care while “leaving no one behind”.
Monitoring progress against universal health coverage (UHC) and the health-related Sustainable Development Goals, the Member countries agreed to continue to develop and implement policies to advance equity and efficiency.
The Regional Committee session adopted the ‘Delhi Declaration’ with Member countries committing to make essential medical products accessible and affordable to all, both within the Region and beyond.
The session adopted another resolution which seeks to strengthen emergency medical teams (EMTs) to enhance preparedness in WHO South-East Asia, prone to natural disasters.
The Member countries welcomed expansion of the mandate of South-East Asia Regional Health Emergency Fund (SEARHEF), from response to preparedness, to be better equipped to handle disasters. The SEARHEF has supported 37 emergencies in nine countries of the Region since its inception a decade ago, meeting immediate needs of affected communities, and save lives.

WHO South-East Asia :MEDIA CENTRE 

  • National Professional Officer (Surveillance Cluster Lead)- WHO
  • National Professional Officer (Data Cluster Lead) – WHO

  • Call for Advisory Group for Adolescent Health Metrics, WHO
  • Countries in WHO SEAR resolve to make essential medical products accessible, affordable to all
September 7, 2018 1 comment
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