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World Health Statistics 2020: Monitoring health for the SDGs

by Public Health Update
written by Public Health Update

World Health Statistics 2020: Monitoring health for the SDGs

The World Health Statistics 2020 summarizes recent trends in life expectancy and reports on progress towards the main health and health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and associated targets. It also assesses the current availability of those data, and describes how WHO is supporting countries to improve health information systems and global health security. The 2020 edition also includes four indicators (relating to poliomyelitis, hypertension and obesity in adults and school age children) from the Thirteenth General Programme of Work 2019−2023 (GPW13).

Key Messages

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant loss of lives, disrupted livelihoods and undermined well-being throughout the world. The COVID-19 crises have underscored how unprepared most health systems were and the negative impact this can have towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs). These is an urgency to invest in health systems, services and workforce. The 2030 Agenda is a powerful accountability mechanism for the world. It is now more critical than ever to take stock of the lessons learned and progress made in improving population health, and more importantly, to identify and address the gaps that persist where progress is not on track. World Health Statistics 2020 sheds light on the progress towards relevant SDGs and their implications in the midst of the current COVID-19 emergency.

The report highlights the need to track population health and its determinants in a comprehensive and continuous manner. This report’s key messages are presented below;

  1. The world population is not only living longer but living healthier
  2. The overall improvements in health move along the fault lines created by inequalities and echo the status and the progress made towards universal health coverage
  3. Compared with the advances against communicable diseases, there has been inadequate progress in preventing and controlling noncommunicable diseases
  4. Investing in strengthening country health information systems to improve timeliness of data could have the greatest positive impact and is vital for countries to monitor progress towards SDGs
  5. Current rate of progress falls short and COVID-19 further risks getting the world off track to achieve SDGs.

Inside this report;

  • Page 2: Major gains in life expectancy in low-income countries (Progress on average life expectancy at birth by 5.5 years globally between 2000 and 2016: from 66.5 to 72.0 years)
  • Page 3: The service coverage index improved from 45 globally in 2000 to 66 in 2017, with the strongest increase in low and lower-middle-income countries)
  • Page 3: Overall, between one third and one half the world’s population (33% to 49%) was covered by essential health services in 2017.
  • Page 4: The proportion of the global population spending more than 10% of household budgets on health care reached 12.7% in 2015, up from 9.4% in 2000 and equivalent to about 927 million people. The proportion of the population spending more than 25% of household budgets on health care reached almost 3% in 2015, up from 1.7% in 2000. 
  • Page 6: Maternal mortality has declined but progress is uneven across regions
  • Page 7: There has been significant progress in under-five and neonatal mortality, and deaths are now concentrated in specific regions and countries
  • Page 8: Globally in 2019, about 21.3% of children under 5 years of age were stunted, approximately 144.0 million children under 5 years worldwide suffered from stunting, 6.9% under 5 years of age globally suffered from wasting in 2019.
  • Page 8: Steady progress is being made against major infectious diseases, but stronger efforts are needed to bring the SDG targets within closer reach.
  • Page 12: An estimated 41 million people worldwide died of NCDs, equivalent to 71% of all deaths. 
  • Page 16: Air pollution is a major environmental risk to health.
  • Page 16: An estimated 478 000 people were killed in homicides globally in 2017.
  • Page 16: Violence against women (VAW) is common worldwide and is associated with numerous, serious health problems for women and their children.
  • Page 16: There were almost 800 000 suicide deaths globally in 2016.
  • Page 17: The overall mortality rate due to road traffic injuries has stayed fairly constant between 2000 and 2016, at around 18 deaths per 100 000 population in 2016.

READ MORE: KEY MESSAGES AND SECTION 1-6

MORE INFORMATION: WHO
Read the full report
Browse a visual summary of the World Health Statistics
Read the press release
Browse the World health statistics data dashboard

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WHO: People living longer and healthier lives but COVID-19 threatens to throw progress off track

by Public Health Update
written by Public Health Update

WHO: People living longer and healthier lives but COVID-19 threatens to throw progress off track

13 May 2020
News release
Geneva

All over the world, the COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant loss of life, disrupting livelihoods, and threatening the recent advances in health and progress towards global development goals highlighted in the 2020 World Health Statistics published by the World Health Organization (WHO) today.
“The good news is that people around the world are living longer and healthier lives. The bad news is the rate of progress is too slow to meet the Sustainable Development Goals and will be further thrown off track by COVID-19,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General.“The pandemic highlights the urgent need for all countries to invest in strong health systems and primary health care, as the best defense against outbreaks like COVID-19, and against the many other health threats that people around the world face every day. Health systems and health security are two sides of the same coin.”WHO’s World Health Statistics — an annual check-up on the world’s health — reports progress against a series of key health and health service indicators, revealing some important lessons in terms of progress made towards the Sustainable Development Goals and gaps to fill.

Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy have increased, but unequally.

The biggest gains were reported in low-income countries, which saw life expectancy rise 21% or 11 years between 2000 and 2016 (compared with an increase of 4% or 3 years in higher income countries).

One driver of progress in lower-income countries was improved access to services to prevent and treat HIV, malaria and tuberculosis, as well as a

number of neglected tropical diseases such as guinea worm. Another was better maternal and child healthcare, which led to a halving of child mortality between 2000 and 2018.

But in a number of areas, progress has been stalling. Immunization coverage has barely increased in recent years, and there are fears that malaria gains may be reversed. And there is an overall shortage of services within and outside the health system to prevent and treat noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, diabetes, heart and lung disease, and stroke. In 2016, 71 per cent of all deaths worldwide were attributable to NCDs, with the majority of the 15 million premature deaths (85%) occurring in low and middle-income countries.

This uneven progress broadly mirrors inequalities in access to quality health services. Only between one third and one half the world’s population was able to obtain essential health services in 2017. Service coverage in low- and middle-income countries remains well below coverage in wealthier ones; as do health workforce densities. In more than 40% of all countries, there are fewer than 10 medical doctors per 10 000 people. Over 55% of countries have fewer than 40 nursing and midwifery personnel per 10 000 people. 

The inability to pay for healthcare is another major challenge for many. On current trends, WHO estimates that this year, 2020, approximately 1 billion people (almost 13 per cent of the global population) will be spending at least 10% of their household budgets on health care. The majority of these people live in lower middle-income countries.

“The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need to protect people from health emergencies, as well as to promote universal health coverage and healthier populations to keep people from needing health services through multisecotral interventions like improving basic hygiene and sanitation,” said Dr Samira Asma, Assistant Director General at WHO.

In 2017, more than half (55%) of the global population was estimated to lack access to safely-managed sanitation services, and more than one quarter (29%) lacked safely-managed drinking water. In the same year, two in five households globally (40%) lacked basic handwashing facilities with soap and water in their home. 

The World Health Statistics also highlight the need for stronger data and health information systems. Uneven capacities to collect and use accurate, timely, and comparable health statistics, undermining countries’ ability to understand population health trends, develop appropriate policies, allocate resources and prioritize interventions. 

For almost a fifth of countries, over half of the key indicators have no recent primary or direct underlying data, another major challenge in enabling countries to prepare for, prevent and respond to health emergencies such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. WHO is therefore supporting countries in strengthening surveillance and data and health information systems so they can measure their status and manage improvements.  

“The message from this report is clear: as the world battles the most serious pandemic in 100 years, just a decade away from the SDG deadline, we must act together to strengthen primary health care and focus on the most vulnerable among us in order to eliminate the gross inequalities that dictate who lives a long, healthy life and who doesn’t,” added Asma. “We will only succeed in doing this by helping countries to improve their data and health information systems.” 

WHO PRESS RELEASE 

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Opportunities and Challenges in Education due to COVID-19

by Public Health Update
written by Public Health Update

Opportunities and Challenges in Education due to COVID-19

Yeshoda KC

Coronavirus is continuing its spread across the world, with nearly four million confirmed cases and 298,202 deaths in 212 territories. The pandemic has affected educational systems worldwide, leading to the near-total closures of schools, universities and colleges. We are living amidst what is potentially one of the greatest threats in our lifetime to global education, a gigantic educational crisis.

The COVID-19 pandemic have shed a light on numerous issues affecting access to education, as well as broader socio economic issues. More than 370 million children and youth are not attending school because of temporary or indefinite country wide school closures mandated by governments in an attempt to slow the spread of COVID-19.

Starting the school year late or interrupting it completely disrupts the lives of many children, their parents, and teachers. As a result, there is distinctive rise of e-learning (online learning), whereby teaching is undertaken remotely and on digital
platforms. With this sudden shift away from the classroom in many parts of the globe, some are wondering whether the adoption of online learning will continue to persist post-pandemic, and how such a shift would impact the worldwide education market. But only developed countries are better prepared to move to online learning strategies, with a lot of effort and challenges for teachers and parents. In middle-income and poorer countries, the situation is very mixed and if we do not act appropriately, the vast inequality of opportunities may arise between developed and low income nations. Many children do not have a desk, books, internet connectivity, a laptop at home, or supportive parents in low income and poorer
nations.

Opportunities

Some countries will be able to increase their teachers’ digital skills. Radio and TV stations will recognize their key role in supporting national education goals and hopefully, improve the quality of their programming understanding their immense social responsibility. Parents will be more involved in their children’s education process, and ministries of education will have a much clearer understanding of the gaps and challenges (in connectivity, hardware, integration of digital tools in the curriculum, teacher’s readiness) that exist in using technology effectively and act upon that. All of this can strengthen the future education system in a country.

  • We know that the more engaging learning styles are ones that are more interactive, and that face-to-face learning is better than 100 percent online learning. We also know blended learning can draw on the best of both worlds and create a better learning experience than one hundred percent face-to-face learning. Thus, blended learning approaches will be tried, tested and increasingly used.
  • Quality teaching and learning materials will be better curated and more widely used as educators are looking to other educators as well as trusted sources to help curate high-quality online learning tools.
  • Teachers collaboration will grow and help improve learning.
  • This crisis will help us come together across boundaries. I think its an opportunity for the education sector to unite, forge connections across countries and continents, and truly share what works in a global way.

Challenges

As the global coronavirus pandemic opens up an entirely new set of challenges for the education system, we’re seeing just how important it is to build a more adaptable and inclusive approach to learning.  Maintaining the engagement of children, particularly young secondary school students is critical. Dropout rates are still very high in many countries, and a long period of disengagement can result in a further increase. Going to school is not only about learning math and science, but also about social relationships and peer-to-peer interactions. It is about learning to be a citizen and developing social skills. That is why it is important to stay connected with the school by any means necessary. For all students, this is also a time to develop socio-emotional skills and learn more about how to contribute to society as a citizen. The role of parents and family, which has always been extremely important, is critical in that task. So, a lot of the help that ministries of education provide, working through mass media, should also go to parents. Radio, TV, SMS messages can all be used to provide tips and advice to them on how to better support their children.

The mission of all education systems is the same. It is to overcome the learning crisis we were already living and respond to the pandemic we are all facing. The challenge today is to reduce as much as possible the negative impact this pandemic will have on learning and schooling and build on this experience to get back on a path of faster improvement in learning. As education systems cope with this crisis, they must also be thinking of how they can recover stronger, with a renewed sense of responsibility of all actors and with a better understanding and sense of urgency of the need to close the gap in opportunities and assuring that all children have the same chances for a quality education.

Yeshoda KC, 7th semester BPH student, School of Health and Allied Sciences Email: yeshodakc37@gmail.com

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Public Health

Technical Officer- Action Against Hunger | Action Contre la Faim (ACF)

by Public Health Update
written by Public Health Update

Technical Officer- Action Against Hunger | Action Contre la Faim (ACF)

Action Against Hunger | Action Contre la Faim (ACF) is an international humanitarian organization committed to ending child hunger. Recognized as a leader in the fight against malnutrition, Action Against Hunger saves the lives of malnourished children while providing communities with access to safe water and sustainable solutions to hunger. With more than 40 years of expertise in emergency situations of conflict, natural disaster and chronic food insecurity, Action Against Hunger runs life-saving programmes in over 45 countries benefitting seven million people each year. With head offices in the United Kingdom, France, Spain, the United States and Canada, our international network shares its combined resources, breadth of experience and technical expertise in pursuit of a world without hunger. Every year, our 7,500+ field workers help over 21 million people in over 45 countries worldwide.

As a non-governmental, non-profit, non-religious organization, we are committed to principled humanitarian action as outlined in our International Charter of Principles: independence, neutrality, non-discrimination, free and direct access to affected populations, professionalism and transparency.

Position: Technical Officer

Vacancy Ref: ACFNNHBATO
Contract Type: Fixed short Term Contract (Subject to grant approval)
Project Area: Banke, Bara, Dhanusa, Rautahat, Jumla, and Kalikot
Number of positions: several
Please note that this position is contingent upon funding. 

 

Main Responsibilities

  • Conduct screening of under five years children and support in recruiting Severely Acutely Malnourished (SAM) children in the district 
  • Provide technical support and on-the-job training to Health Workers and Community Health Volunteers in screening and proper recording and reporting of children under five years 
  • Coordinate, communicate and establish linkages with the local partner 
  • Conduct Social and Behaviour Change Communication-related activities 
  • Lead in support functions at the district level 
  • Represent Action Against Hunger | Action Contre la Faim (ACF)  in the project related meetings, forums etc. in the district

Qualifications & Required Skills:

  • Bachelor’s degree with two (2) years of experience in public health, nutrition, development studies, nutrition and dietetics, social science or relevant discipline
  • Significant experiences in Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) / Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition (IMAM) programme and / Nutrition in Emergency (NiE) required 
  • Sound knowledge and experience in using Open Data Kit (ODK) preferred
  • Excellent interpersonal, networking, negotiation and communication skills
  • Excellent standard of written and spoken Nepali and English language 
  • Strong presentation skills
  • Good computer skills including Microsoft office package
  • Ability to work under pressure and meet deadlines
  • Highly organized with a strong attention to detail
  • Training/ capacity-building skills
  • Thorough understanding of gender and social inclusion issues
  • Ability to work in diverse team and environment with short deadlines and intense pressure.
  • Good knowledge and understanding of local language is preferred
Applying Procedure

Interested Nepali applicants with suitable skills are requested to submit a motivation letter, updated CV with two referees through email: recruitment@np-actionagainsthunger.org by 19th May 2020 by 5 pm Nepal time. 

The Vacancy Reference (ACFNNHBATO) must be mentioned in the email subject otherwise the application will be disqualified. 

Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted for further process. Action Against Hunger | Action Contre la Faim (ACF) reserves the right to reject any or all applications. Telephonic enquiries will not be entertained.

Action Against Hunger | Action Contre la Faim (ACF) is an equal opportunity employer and encourages applications from women, people with disabilities and members from disadvantaged /underrepresented ethnic groups.

MEROJOB.COM

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Pocket Book for Infection Prevention and Control Measures for COVID-19 in the Healthcare Setting

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Pocket Book for Infection Prevention and Control Measures for COVID-19 in the Healthcare Setting

Purpose of the Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Pocket Book

The purpose of the IPC pocketbook is to help all staff working in the health care setting to apply appropriate principles of Infection Prevention and Control while providing care in healthcare institutions for patients including those with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 virus.

Target groups

The intended target audience is all personnel working in all areas of the health care setting: medical, nursing, technicians, laboratory, administrative, and all support staff.

Organizational preparedness for improving IPC measures within the facility and in facilities managing COVID-19 cases

All staff working in the health facility should be educated on standard precautions, transmission-based infection control precautions and prevention of occupational hazards (e.g. sharps management).

Staff should provide education to all patients and carers on the use of standard infection control precautions, especially on how & when to perform effective hand hygiene and use of appropriate PPE when visiting/escorting COVID-19 (suspected or
confirmed) relatives or friends.

Infection prevention and control precautions

Four major precautions should be implemented in a health care setting providing care to patients with both the COVID-19 (suspected or confirmed) cases and non- COVID -19 cases. (other morbidities including influenza).

  • Standard Precautions
  • Droplet precautions
  • Contact precautions
  • Airborne precautions

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COVID19 Resources: Guidelines and Documents- Ministry of Health and Population 

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Case Investigation and Contact Tracing Team (CICTT) Mobilization Guideline 2077

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Case Investigation and Contact Tracing Team (CICTT) Mobilization Guideline 2077

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Final Approved Version CICTT Guidelines MoHP 13 May 20201 1 scaled Final Approved Version CICTT Guidelines MoHP 13 May 20201 2 scaled Final Approved Version CICTT Guidelines MoHP 13 May 20201 3 scaled Final Approved Version CICTT Guidelines MoHP 13 May 20201 4 scaled Final Approved Version CICTT Guidelines MoHP 13 May 20201 5 scaled Final Approved Version CICTT Guidelines MoHP 13 May 20201 6 scaled Final Approved Version CICTT Guidelines MoHP 13 May 20201 7 scaled

 

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International Nurses Day: Nurses: A voice to lead-Nursing the World to Health

by Public Health Update
written by Public Health Update

International Nurses Day: Nurses: A voice to lead – Nursing the World to Health

International Nurses Day is celebrated around the world every May 12, the anniversary of Florence Nightingale’s birth.  Theme for International Nurses Day 2020 is Nursing the World to Health, focusing on the true value of nurses to the people of the world. This year International Nursing Day celebrations is special because the World Health Organization has designated 2020 as The Year of the Nurse and Midwife.

Nurses: A Voice to Lead – Nursing the World to Health demonstrates how nurses are central to addressing a wide range of health challenges. It will encourage nurses and the public to celebrate the big day, but also provide information and resources that will help to raise the profile of the profession throughout the year and attract a new generation into the nursing family.

Recommended: State of the World’s Nursing Report-2020: Country Profile- Nepal

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World Health Day 2020: #SupportNursesAndMidwives #COVID19

Nurses account for more than half of all the world’s health workers, yet there is an urgent shortage of nurses worldwide with 5.9 million more nurses still needed, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

The Covid-19 pandemic is a stark reminder of the vital role nurses play. Without nurses and other health workers, we will not win the battle against outbreaks, we will not achieve the Sustainable Development Goals or universal health coverage.

In the occasion of International Nursing Day, WHO urge countries to ensure:

  • the occupational safety and health of nurses and all health workers, including notably, unhindered access to personal protective equipment so they can safely provide care and reduce infections in health care settings.
  • nurses and all health care workers have access to mental health support, timely pay, sick leave and insurance; as well as access to the most up-to-date knowledge and guidance required to respond to all health needs, including outbreaks.
  • nurses are given the financial support and other resources required to help respond to and control COVID-19 and future outbreaks

#IND2020 #Nurses2020

Source of info: WHO & ICN

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Nepal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority COVID19 Dashboard

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Nepal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority COVID19 Dashboard

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COVID-19 and Health Facts: Immunity boosting foods and right eating pattern

by Public Health Update
written by Public Health Update

COVID-19 and Health Facts: Immunity boosting foods and Right eating pattern

Moiz Khan

Continuously living in the life of stress, fear and anxiety will just invite more diseases. Instead let us start living healthier life with more awareness and right knowledge. Immunity is the power of the body to defense against external pathogenic substances. Balanced diet taken in right pattern can boost up our immunity. Healthy living is the best immune response during COVID-19.

More raw vegetables and fruits should be taken during this time. It adds a lot of fiber, tons of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants to our body. Fruits taken on an empty stomach can increase our energy levels. It also helps in bowel movement and in weight loss. Immunity Boosting Foods like Drumsticks, Garlic, Onion, Turmeric, Red Capsicum, Cucumber, Carrot, Coconut water, lemon, orange should be taken. Drumstick helps in boosting our immunity and acts as a shield for any virus to grow. Intake of Coconut water should always be fresh. Adding half a lemon to fresh coconut water, vitamin C shoots up by 10 times. Vitamin C present in Red Capsicum is 3 times higher than the Vitamin C found in an orange.

Drinking at least two liters sufficient water per day will not only help flush out toxins but maintain a healthy fluid balance. We should avoid junk foods, dairy products, Non-Veg, Deep fried and packaged food as much as possible. Intermittent fasting can also be done. It is not a diet, but rather an eating pattern. It is an eating cycle between periods of fasting and feasting. It helps to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the body. It induces various cellular repair processes. It helps to lose weight and belly fat. It reduces insulin resistance and lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes.

What to Avoid?

Stress and fear weakens our immune system. Hence, we should consciously avoid taking any stress as it will directly affect our immune system. Being active by practicing yoga or brisk walking will always help. Yoga helps in calming our mind, body and soul. In particular, exercise is best in strengthening our respiratory system. Good quality sleep every night recharges the immune system. Good sleep is important. Striving to have a peaceful night, and getting quality sleep and rest is one of the best things we can do for our health and well-being. It helps in hormonal balance, reduces inflammation, decreases lifestyle disease risk in both adults and children and also boosts our immunity.

Handshakes should be avoided. Avoiding crowded places, going out, meeting people and self- quarantine must be done. We must practice Social Distancing for our own safety and the safety of others too. This is our foremost responsibility. As we are all aware of the saying “Too much of anything is bad”. We must use this period to de-addict ourselves from anything that we feel we can’t do without. Our addiction could range from something as simple as our morning tea/coffee
to consumption of alcohol and smoking.

Just as sanitizers and masks work as shields on the outside, our healthy thoughts & immunity are our inner shields. If we can spread a disease, we can also spread love and gratitude. Washing hands at regular intervals, making this a habit, in every 3-4 hours for 10-20 seconds thoroughly is the best thing we can do!

Moiz Khan, Bachelor in Pharmaceutical Sciences (7th Semester), School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Dhungepatan, Pokhara-30, Kaski, Nepal

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COVID-19 and Health Facts: Immunity boosting foods and right eating pattern

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Health Sector Emergency Response Plan, MoHP Nepal

by Public Health Update
written by Public Health Update

Health Sector Emergency Response Plan, MoHP Nepal

Goal and objectives

This plan intends to prepare and strengthen the health system response that is capable to minimise the adverse impact of COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives

  • Provide clear policy guidance for timely health system preparedness and readiness to respond to the pandemic.
  • Provide a guiding framework for timely, efficient and effective response to the pandemic.
  • Provide official guidance to prepare and implement specific interventions applicable at all spheres of governments and level of health care delivery.
  • Support policy makers and managers in exploring the options and making the decisions for resource allocation and management.

Strategic approaches and key interventions

Public health and social measures

  • Quarantine management
  • Community engagement and risk communication
  • Case investigation and contact tracing
  • Surveillance
  • Screening at point of entries (POE)
  • Community level screening and testing
  • Emergency response teams
  • Other socio-administrative measures

Hospital-based interventions

  • Hospital care and referral
  • Laboratory services and other areas of hospital interventions (Investigations, Infection prevention and control, referral mechanism, accommodation and food, WASH in health facilities, Health care waste management and decontamination, Dead body management, Mental health services and psychosocial counselling)

Safety and security of the frontline Staff

  • Ensure adequate availability of personal protective gears as per protocol.
  • Security system at each designated hospital will be strengthened with adequate security personnel. Hospitals will regularly coordinate with local administration offices to make necessary arrangements.
  • CCITT and any other community mobilization and engagement will be coordinated with the local administration and security system.
  • Any stigma and discrimination, violence and any forms of harassment towards health workers engaged in the COVID19 response process will be monitored and state will take necessary measures to avoid them and in case of occurrence necessary legal actions will be taken with ZERO tolerance to violence.
  • Based on the need assessment of the individual institutions, necessary arrangements will be made to adopt work from home modality to reduce crowd at the health facilities.
  • Mechanism will be established at each health facility to assess health conditions of the staff and risk-risk (or vulnerable group) members will be mobilized to serve secondary functions in the hospitals.

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