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Global Health NewsPublic HealthPublic Health News

Health Ministers from WHO South-East Asia meeting next week; climate change, access to medicines high on agenda

by Public Health Update September 6, 2017
written by Public Health Update

Health Ministers from WHO South-East Asia meeting next week; climate change, access to medicines high on agenda

SEAR/PR/1654

New Delhi, 31 August 2017: Building health systems resilient to climate change, improving access to essential medicines for all and intensifying efforts to end tuberculosis are among key issues that will be discussed next week at a meeting of health ministers of WHO South-East Asia Region, home to nearly a quarter of the global population.
The Seventieth Regional Committee session of WHO South-East Asia Region, the annual governing body meeting of WHO in the Region, is being hosted by Maldives this year from 6 – 10 September. World Health Organization Director General Dr Tedros Adhanom and Regional Director Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh will address the meeting, which will also be attended by health officials from Member countries and representatives of partner organizations.
WHO Goodwill Ambassador for Hepatitis in South-East Asia Region, Mr Amitabh Bachchan, will join the meeting to advocate for urgent action against viral hepatitis, a preventable disease that kills approximately 410 000 people in the Region every year.
Strengthening primary health care and the health workforce and progress towards universal health coverage are among other priority issues being addressed at the meeting, reflecting the Region’s drive to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal for health.
The focus of the meeting will be on climate change – on how to build health systems’ resilience to climate change. A well prepared and responsive health system is crucial for preventing and minimizing the increasing health risks posed by climate change.
The ministers will also deliberate on accelerating efforts to end tuberculosis as the Region bears a disproportionate 45% of the global TB burden.
As the Region’s health needs evolve, countries are facing increased challenges in ensuring equitable access to a growing range of quality essential medicines at affordable prices. To overcome these challenges, ministers will discuss ways to strengthen inter-country cooperation in areas such as medicines procurement and pricing, and regulation of medical products, as well as ways to enhance appropriate use of medicines, especially antibiotics.
The meeting will also deliberate on the action needed to cut down road traffic injuries, which cause 316 000 deaths in the Region every year.
Vector control will also figure prominently at the governing body meeting, as countries across the Region bear a high burden of vector-borne diseases such as dengue, malaria and lymphatic filariasis.
The Regional Committee will also review recent progress on priority programmes and discuss next steps to safeguard the health of people throughout WHO South-East Asia Region.

WHO MEDIA CENTER

September 6, 2017 0 comments
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Global Health NewsInternational Plan, Policy & GuidelinesPublic HealthPublic Health NewsResearch & Publication

UNAIDS DATA 2017

by Public Health Update August 21, 2017
written by Public Health Update

UNAIDS DATA 2017

UNAIDS DATA 2017: UNAIDS has collected and published information on the state of the world’s HIV epidemic for the past 20 years. This information has shaped and guided the development of the response to HIV in regions, countries and cities worldwide.
This edition of UNAIDS data contains the highlights of the very latest data on the world’s response to HIV, consolidating a small part of the huge volume of data collected, analysed and refined by UNAIDS over the years.

UNAIDS DATA 2017: UNAIDS has collected and published information on the state of the world’s HIV epidemic for the past 20 years.

UNAIDS DATA 2017: UNAIDS has collected and published information on the state of the world’s HIV epidemic for the past 20 years.

DOWNLOAD REPORT

August 21, 2017 0 comments
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PH Important DayPublic Health

2017 WHD campaign: #NotATarget – World Humanitarian Day

by Public Health Update August 19, 2017
written by Public Health Update

2017 WHD campaign: #NotATarget – World Humanitarian Day 19 August

World Humanitarian Day is held every year on 19 August to pay tribute to aid workers who have risked and lost their lives in humanitarian service. The Day was designated by the General Assembly in 2008 to coincide with the date of the 2003 bombing of the United Nations headquarters in Baghdad, Iraq. Each year, World Humanitarian Day focuses on a theme, bringing together stakeholders from across the humanitarian system to advocate for survival, well-being, and dignity of people affected by crises, and for the safety and security of aid workers.

http://worldhumanitarianday.org/en

2017 WHD campaign: #NotATarget

Around the world, conflict is exacting a massive toll on people’s lives. Trapped in wars that are not of their making, millions of civilians are forced to hide or run for their lives. Children are taken out of school, families are displaced from their homes, and communities are torn apart, while the world is not doing enough to stop their suffering. At the same time, health and aid workers – who risk their lives to care for people affected by violence – are increasingly being targeted.

http://www.un.org/en/events/humanitarianday/

Humanitarian Health Action

Health care is under attack
We witness with alarming frequency a lack of respect for the sanctity of health care and for international humanitarian law: patients are shot in their hospital beds; medical personnel are threatened, intimidated or attacked; vaccinators are shot; hospitals are bombed.

What are attacks on health care?

We consider attacks on health care to be any act of verbal or physical violence or obstruction or threat of violence that interferes with the availability, access and delivery of curative and/or preventive health services during emergencies.
Attacks on health can include bombings, explosions, looting, robbery, hijacking, shooting, gunfire, forced closure of facilities, violent search of facilities, fire, arson, military use, military takeover, chemical attack, cyberattack, abduction of health care workers, denial or delay of health services, assault, forcing staff to act against their ethics, execution, torture, violent demonstrations, administrative harassment, obstruction, sexual violence, psychological violence and threat of violence.

What are the consequences of attacks on health care?

Every attack on health care has a domino effect. Such attacks not only endanger health care providers; they also deprive people of urgently needed care when they need it most. And while the consequences of such attacks are as yet largely undocumented, they are presumed to be significant – negatively affecting short-term health care delivery as well as the longer-term health and well-being of affected populations, health systems, the health workforce, and ultimately our global public health goals.
Think of the years of education and experience lost with the early and tragic death of each health care worker. Think about the time and resources and dedication it takes to develop one doctor. Think of the resources required to rebuild one hospital. We cannot accept these losses as normal.

What information do we have on attacks on health care?

There is no publicly available source of consolidated information on attacks on health care in emergencies. For 2014 and 2015, WHO consolidated available data on individual attacks from open sources and found:

  • 594 reported attacks in 19 countries facing emergencies
  • 959 deaths, 1561 injuries
  • 63% against health care facilities; and 26% against health care workers
  • 62% of the attacks intentionally targeted health care.

While we recognize that these numbers are not comprehensive, they are a first attempt to provide a consolidated global view of attacks on health care in emergency settings and they serve to highlight the alarming frequency of attacks over the past two year.

Is there sufficient reporting of attacks on health care?

We believe there is considerable under reporting–most likely due to limited awareness of the possibility, means and use of reporting, perceptions of the usefulness of reporting, limited resources and time, fear of reporting, complexity and limitations of existing reporting systems, lack of standardized definitions for use in data collection, and cultural perceptions of violence.

What additional information do we need?

We need a more standardized approach to gathering and sharing information on attacks on health care and their consequences to health service delivery so that the information that is being collected is comparable. The most significant knowledge gap is the consequences of attacks on health care delivery, on the health of affected populations, on health systems, on the health workforce, and on longer-term public health. This is a priority for data collection moving forward.
Quantitative and qualitative information would help us. A combination of quantitative and qualitative information will help us to understand the extent and nature of the problem and to identify and implement concrete actions to reduce the risk and impact of attacks during emergencies.

What can be done to stop attacks on health care?

Priority actions include the following:

  • Gather and consolidate comparable data; establish national registries
  • Document the consequences of attacks to health care delivery and public health
  • Establish national legislation to uphold International Humanitarian Law
  • Implement risk reduction measures, including through WHO’s Safe Hospitals Programme
  • Engage communities in protecting health care
  • Inform emergency response plans with security risk analysis
  • Document and apply good practices, including the recommendations of ICRC’s Health Care in Danger (HCiD) project
  • Promote and apply ethical principles in health care delivery
  • Speak out and advocate with zero-tolerance

http://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/attacks_on_health_care_q_a/en/

August 19, 2017 0 comments
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NoticePublic Health

Flooding and communicable diseases (Risk & Prevention)

by Public Health Update August 18, 2017
written by Public Health Update

Flooding and communicable diseases (Risk & Prevention)


Flooding and communicable diseases

Floods can potentially increase the transmission of the following communicable diseases:

  • Water-borne diseases, such as typhoid fever, cholera, leptospirosis and hepatitis A
  • Vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever, yellow fever, and West Nile Fever

WHO

20841951 1668408243178133 7631049207174066194 n

Epidemic prevention

Image: Source of Information (ENPHO)

Preventive measures

Communicable disease risks from flooding can be greatly reduced if the following recommendations are followed.

Short-term measures

Chlorination of water

Ensuring uninterrupted provision of safe drinking water is the most important preventive measure to be implemented following flooding, in order to reduce the risk of outbreaks of water-borne diseases.

  • Free chlorine is the most widely and easily used, and the most affordable of the drinking water disinfectants. It is also highly effective against nearly all waterborne pathogens (except Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Mycobacteria species). At doses of a few mg/litre and contact times of about 30 minutes, free chlorine generally inactivates >99.99% of enteric bacteria and viruses.
  • For point-of-use or household water treatment, the most practical forms of free chlorine are liquid sodium hypochlorite, solid calcium hypochlorite and bleaching powder (chloride of lime; a mixture of calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride and calcium hypochlorite).
  • The amount of chlorine needed depends mainly on the concentration of organic matter in the water and has to be determined for each situation. After 30 minutes, the residual concentration of active chlorine in the water should be between 0.2-0.5 mg/l, which can be determined using a special test kit.
Vaccination against hepatitis A
  • The use of hepatitis A vaccines for mass immunization is not recommended.
  • Vaccination of high-risk groups, such as persons involved in the management of drinking water, waste water or sewage might be considered.
  • In case of an outbreak of hepatitis A consider immunization of contacts. The use of immunoglobulins is not recommended.
  • Diagnosis of acute hepatitis A is confirmed by anti-HAV IgM antibodies.
Malaria prevention
  • Insecticides: flooding does not necessarily lead to an immediate major increase in mosquito numbers, and there may still be time to implement preventive measures such as indoor residual spraying, or the retreatment/distribution of ITNs in areas where their use is well-known. This will also have an effect on other mosquito-borne diseases.
  • Early detection: it is important to track weekly case numbers and provide laboratory-based diagnosis (perhaps only for a % of fever cases to track the slide/test positivity rate), to pick up the early stages of a malaria epidemic.
  • Free medical care: with artemisinin-based combination therapy should be provided when a falciparum malaria epidemic is confirmed, and an active search for fever cases may be necessary to reduce mortality in remote areas with reduced access to health care services.
Health education
  • Promote good hygienic practice.
  • Ensure safe food preparation techniques.
  • Ensure boiling or chlorination of water.
  • Vital importance of early diagnosis and treatment for malaria (within 24 hours of onset of fever).
Handling corpses
  • Burial is preferable to cremation in mass causalities and where identification of victims is not possible.
  • The mass management of human remains is often based on the false belief that they represent an epidemic hazard if not buried or burned immediately. Bodies should not be disposed of unceremoniously in mass graves and this does not constitute a public health a public health measure, violates important social norms and can waste scarce resources.
  • Families should have the opportunity to conduct culturally appropriate funerals and burials according to social custom.
  • Where customs vary, separate areas should be available for each social group to exercise their own traditions with dignity.
  • Where existing facilities such as graveyards or crematoria are inadequate, alternative locations or facilities should be provided.
  • The affected community should also have access to materials to meet the needs for culturally acceptable funeral pyres and other funeral rites.

For workers that routinely handle corpses

  • Graveyards should be at least 30m from groundwater sources used for drinking water
  • The bottom of any grave must be at least 1.5m above the water table with a 0.7m unsaturated zone. Surface water from graveyards must not enter inhabited areas.
  • Ensure universal precautions for blood and body fluids
  • Ensure use and correct disposal of gloves (no re-use)
  • Ensure use of body bags
  • Ensure hand-washing with soap after handling bodies and before eating
  • Ensure disinfection of vehicles and equipment
  • Bodies do not need to be disinfected before disposal (except in case of cholera)
  • Vaccinate workers against hepatitis B

Long term measures

Legislative/administrative issues

  • Create Disaster-Preparedness Programmes and Early Warning Systems.
  • Improve surveillance on a local, national, international and global level.
  • Promote tap-water quality regulation and monitoring.
  • Enforce high standards of hygiene.

Technical issues

  • Improve water treatment and sanitation.
  • Keep infectious disease control programmes active and efficient.

Flooding and communicable diseases (Risk & Prevention)

Note: This information was copied from website of World Health Organization, Please refer original source for your referencing purpose.

 
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August 18, 2017 0 comments
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Interim guideline on use of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) – EDCD

by Public Health Update August 18, 2017
written by Public Health Update

EDCD Interim guideline on use of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is an antiviral drug, used to treat viral influenza and is also part of WHO essential drug. It is effective against H1N1 Influenza Type A as well as Type B virus.
Indication:
Acute and uncomplicated influenza in patients one year of age and older whose flu symptoms have not lasted more than 2 days. (And within 2 days of exposure in case of prophylaxis). It can be used for prophylaxis as well, but should be limited to high-risk groups (see below) or in case of an epidemic. It does not replace the use of influenza vaccine, but can cause less efficacy if used together. Healthy patients with uncomplicated illness need not be treated with Tamiflu.
On an individual patient basis, initial treatment decisions should be based on clinical assessment and knowledge about the presence of the virus in the community. Treatment decisions should not wait for laboratory confirmation of H1N1 infection.
Dosage and form:
ADULT:

  • Influenza A and B Prophylaxis : 75 mg PO qDay for at least 10 days (For community outbreak, may administer for up to 6 weeks)
  • Influenza A and B Treatment (Including Swine Flu) : 75 mg PO q12hr x5 days
  • H1N1 Influenza A (Swine Flu) Prophylaxis: 75 mg PO qDay (Post-exposure prophylaxis: Initiate within 7 days of exposure and continue for at least 10 days, Pre-exposure prophylaxis (community outbreak): Initiate during potential exposure period and continue for 10 days after last known exposure)

Dosing Modifications
Renal impairment (CrCl 10-30 mL/min)

  • Prophylaxis: 75 mg PO qOD, OR 30 mg PO qDay
  • Treatment: 75 mg PO qDay x5 days

Renal impairment (CrCl <10 mL/min)

  • Administer with caution

H1N1 Influenza A (Swine Flu) Treatment
Acute illness and age <1 year: Use only if critical, or benefit outweighs risk

  • <3 months: 12 mg PO q12hr x5 days
  • 3-5 months: 20 mg PO q12hr x5 days
  • 6-11 months: 25 mg PO q12hr x5
    days

PEDIATRIC:
Influenza A and B Prophylaxis
<1 year: Safety and efficacy not established for prophylaxis
≥1 year:

  • <15 kg: 30 mg PO qDay x10 days
  • 15-23 kg: 45 mg PO qDay x10 days
  • 23-40 kg: 60 mg PO qDay x10 days
  • >40 kg: 75 mg PO qDay x10 days

Influenza A and B Treatment
<1 year: Safety and efficacy not established for treatment
≥1 year:

  • <15 kg: 30 mg PO q12hr x5 days
  • 15-23 kg: 45 mg PO q12hr x5 days
  • 23-40 kg: 60 mg PO q12hr x5 days
  • >40 kg: 75 mg PO q12hr x5 days

H1N1 Influenza A (Swine Flu) Prophylaxis
<1 year: Data limited; not recommended unless situation judged critical
≥1 year:

  • <15 kg: 30 mg PO qDay x10 days
  • 15-23 kg: 45 mg PO qDay x10 days
  • 23-40 kg: 60 mg PO qDay x10 days
  • >40 kg: Administer as in adults

H1N1 Influenza A (Swine Flu) Treatment
Acute illness and age <1 year: Use only if critical, or benefit outweighs risk

  • <3 months: 12 mg PO q12hr x5 days
  • 3-5 months: 20 mg PO q12hr x5 days
  • 6-11 months: 25 mg PO q12hr x5 days

Acute illness and age ≥1 year:

  • <15 kg: 30 mg PO q12hr x5 days
  • 15-23 kg: 45 mg PO q12hr x5 days
  • 23-40 kg: 60 mg PO q12hr x5 days
  • >40 kg: Administer as in adults

Emergency preparation of oral suspension from 75 mg capsules

  • Instructions below are for 100 mL of 6 mg/mL suspension
    1. Place 7 mL of distilled water into a polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) or glass bottle
    2. Empty content of eight 75-mg capsules (i.e., 600 mg) into bottle
    3. Gently swirl the suspension to ensure adequate wetting of the powder for at least 2 minutes
    4. Slowly add 91 mL of simple syrup
    5. Close bottle and shake well for about 30 minutes
  • Instruct patient to shake well before use
  • Stable for 5 days at room temperature or 5 weeks refrigerated at 2-8°C (36-46°F)

High-risk groups:

  • Obese patients
  • Elderly patients (>65 years age)
  • Chronic kidney, heart, lungs, liver disease patients (use with caution)
  • Malnourished children
  • Pregnant women
  • Immuno-compromised patients

Mechanism of action: Inhibits viral neuraminidases; stops release of virus from cells and prevents virus from crossing mucous lining of respiratory tract.
Interactions:  Tamiflu interacts with Clopidogrel (anti-platelet drug) and Probenecid (anti-gout drug), requiring close monitoring.
Adverse effects:  1-10% have reported nausea, vomiting, (most common) abdominal pain, conjunctivitis, ear disorder, epistaxis, insomnia, vertigo. Headache, renal and psychiatric syndromes have also been reported if used for prophylaxis.
Pregnancy category: C (Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.)
For queries, please contact:
Epidemiology and Disease Control Division (EDCD)

EDCD Interim guideline on use of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is an antiviral drug, used to treat viral influenza and is also part of WHO essential drug. It is effective against H1N1 Influenza Type A as well as Type B virus.

August 18, 2017 0 comments
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National Health NewsPublic HealthPublic Health NewsReportsResearch & Publication

Health Sector Response to Flood and Landslide – 2017 (Published by EDCD)

by Public Health Update August 18, 2017
written by Public Health Update

Health Sector Response to Flood and Landslide – 2017 (Published by EDCD)
Flood and Landslide : Health Sector Response to Flood and Landslide – 2017 (17th August 2017)

Health Sector Response to Flood and Landslide – 2017 (16th August 2017)

Health Sector Response to Flood and Landslide – 2017
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Important notice for I/NGOS – Social Welfare Council, Nepal

by Public Health Update August 17, 2017
written by Public Health Update

Important notice for I/NGOS – Social Welfare Council, Nepal

Important notice for I/NGOS – Social Welfare Council, Nepal

Social Welfare Council

Social Welfare Council


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Important notice for I/NGOS – Social Welfare Council, Nepal
 




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2017 World Population Data Sheet

by Public Health Update August 16, 2017
written by Public Health Update

2017 World Population Data Sheet


PRB Projects 2050 World Population at 9.8 Billion, Youth Population to Reach 1.4 Billion

 

World Population Data  FOCUS ON YOUTH
Every year, Population Reference Bureau (PRB) provides the latest demographic data for the world, global 
regions, and more than 200 countries and territories. This year we focus on the state of the world's 
youth—the 16 percent of the global population between 15 and 24 years old. Explore data and graphical 
features that illustrate the extent to which youth are poised to become productive adults.

 
prb wpds2017 Nepal
(August 2017) The world population will reach 9.8 billion in 2050, up 31 percent from an estimated 7.5 billion now, according to projections included in the 2017 World Population Data Sheet from the Population Reference Bureau (PRB).
This edition of the annual Data Sheet, available at www.worldpopdata.org, also shows a worldwide total fertility rate (TFR, or average lifetime births per woman) of 2.5. The three countries with the highest TFRs are Niger (7.3), Chad (6.4), and Somalia (6.4), while there is a five-way tie for the lowest TFR (1.2) among Bosnia-Herzegovina, Romania, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. 

Youth Worldwide Face Growing Risk From Noncommunicable Diseases
Tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, lack of exercise, and unhealthy dietary habits typically take root in
adolescence or young adulthood and are key risk factors for developing the main noncommunicable
diseases (NCDs) later in life—notably, cardiovascular diseases, chronic lung diseases, diabetes, and
cancers. NCDs are a growing problem in every region of the world; the four risk behaviors are already at
high levels or are increasing among youth, including in many low- and middle-income countries. School
based education and behavioral change programs are lowering tobacco and alcohol use in some settings.
 Policy interventions, such as taxation and advertising bans for tobacco products, have also been positive.
Addressing youth risk behaviors is key to curbing a growing NCD epidemic in low- and middle-income
countries and supporting youth to become healthy adults who contribute to sustainable development of
their countries.

 

More Progress Needed in Meeting Young Married Women’s Family Planning Needs With Modern
Methods
Sustainable Development Goal 5 on gender equality calls for empowering women to make informed
decisions about their reproductive health. Over the last two decades, increasing numbers of married women
 ages 15 to 24 in many low- and middle-income countries have met their family planning needs to delay or
 limit childbearing with modern methods of contraception. But challenges and barriers unique to younger
women slow progress in several countries. Age-restrictive policies, social pressures, and provider bias limit
knowledge about available options and access to appropriate methods, leading to higher rates of
contraceptive failure and discontinuation after short periods. Addressing these barriers will improve maternal
 and child health, increase educational attainment, and improve economic opportunities for young women.

 

Original Source of Info : http://www.prb.org
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August 16, 2017 0 comments
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Public Health

Important Notice- National Health Education, Information and Communication Centre

by Public Health Update August 15, 2017
written by Public Health Update

Important Notice- National Health Education, Information and Communication Centre

Important Notice- National Health Education, Information and Communication Centre

National Health Education, Information and Communication Centre

National Health Education, Information and Communication Centre

August 15, 2017 0 comments
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Public Health

"Youth Building Peace" – 17th International Youth Day 2017

by Public Health Update August 12, 2017
written by Public Health Update

“Youth Building Peace” – 17th International Youth Day 2017

“Youth Building Peace” – International Youth Day 2017: On 17 December 1999, in its resolution 54/120, the United Nations General Assembly endorsed the recommendation made by the World Conference of Ministers Responsible for Youth (Lisbon, 8-12 August 1998) that 12 August be declared International Youth Day.
Since the adoption of Security Council Resolution S/RES/2250 (2015) in 2015, there is growing recognition that as agents of change, young people’s inclusion in the peace and security agenda and in society more broadly, is key to building and sustaining peace. Another Security Council Resolution S/RES/2282 (2016) reaffirms the important role youth can play in deterring and resolving conflicts, and are key constituents in ensuring the success of both peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts.

“Youth Building Peace”

International Youth Day 2017 is dedicated to celebrating young people’s contributions to conflict prevention and transformation as well as inclusion, social justice, and sustainable peace.
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development committed to fostering peaceful and inclusive societies and affirmed that “Sustainable development cannot be realized without peace and security”. Goal 16 aims to ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels. The World Programme of Action for Youth, which provides a policy framework and practical guidelines to improve the situation of young people, also encourages “promoting the active involvement of youth in maintaining peace and security”.
15 Priority Areas adopted by the General Assembly:

  • Education
  • Employment
  • Hunger and poverty
  • Health
  • Environment
  • Drug abuse
  • Juvenile delinquency
  • Leisure-time activities
  • Girls and young women
  • Participation
  • Globalization
  • Information and communication technologies
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Youth and conflict
  • Intergenerational relations

Today, the World Programme of Action for Youth plays a prominent role in youth development. It focuses on measures to strengthen national capacities in the field of youth and to increase the quality and quantity of opportunities available to young people for full, effective and constructive participation in society.
The United Nations Programme on Youth serves as the Focal Point on Youth at the UN. It undertakes a range of activities to promote youth development including supporting intergovernmental policy-making, conducting analytical research and increasing the effectiveness of the UN’s work in youth development by strengthening collaboration and exchange among UN entities through the Inter-Agency Network on Youth Development.

UN

Youth day

Youth day

INTERNATIONAL YOUTH DAY 2016


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