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Global Health NewsPublic HealthPublic Health NewsPublic Health UpdateVaccine Preventable Diseases

Global Vaccination Summit update: Ten Actions Towards Vaccination For All

by Public Health Update September 12, 2019
written by Public Health Update

Global Vaccination Summit update: Ten Actions Towards Vaccination For All

The European Commission organises, in cooperation with the World Health Organisation, a Global Vaccination Summit on 12 September 2019, in Brussels. The event takes place under the joint auspices of the European Commission President Jean Claude Juncker and WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. The overall objective is to give high level visibility and political endorsement to the topic of vaccination, which is the most successful public health measure saving millions of lives every year. It will demonstrate EU leadership for global commitment to vaccination, boost political commitment towards eliminating vaccine preventable diseases and engage political leaders and leaders from scientific, medical, industry, philanthropic and civil society in global action against the spread of vaccine misinformation. The Global Vaccination Summit published Ten Actions towards vaccination for all. 

Ten Actions Towards Vaccination For All

Everyone should be able to benefit from the power of vaccination.

Despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines, lack of access, vaccine shortages, misinformation, complacency towards disease risks, diminishing public confidence in the value of vaccines and disinvestments are harming vaccination rates worldwide. Vaccination is indisputably one of public health’s most effective interventions. We must endeavor to sustain vaccinations hard-won gains but also aim to do more and to do better, in view of achieving effective and equitable health systems and reduce the harm that is caused as a result of the illness and suffering that is otherwise preventable. This also includes making the necessary R&D investments to address unmet medical needs by developing new vaccines and improving existing ones.

Lessons from the day and actions needed towards vaccination for all and elimination of vaccine preventable diseases:

  1. Promote global political leadership and commitment to vaccination and build effective collaboration and partnerships -across international, national, regional and local levels with health authorities, health professionals, civil society, communities, scientists, and industry- to protect everyone everywhere through sustained high vaccination coverage rates.
  2. Ensure all countries have national immunisation strategies in place and implemented and strengthen its financial sustainability, in line with progress towards Universal Health Coverage, leaving no one behind.
  3. Build strong surveillance systems for vaccine-preventable diseases, particularly those under global elimination and eradication targets.
  4. Tackle the root-causes of vaccine hesitancy, increasing confidence in vaccination, as well as designing and implementing evidence-based interventions.
  5. Harness the power of digital technologies, so as to strengthen the monitoring of the performance of vaccination programmes.
  6. Sustain research efforts to continuously generate data on the effectiveness and safety of vaccines and impact of vaccination programmes.
  7. Continue efforts and investment, including novel models of funding and incentives, in research, development and innovation for new or improved vaccine and delivery devices.
  8. Mitigate the risks of vaccine shortages through improved vaccine availability monitoring, forecasting, purchasing, delivery and stockpiling systems and collaboration with producers and all participants in the distribution chain to make best use of, or increase existing, manufacturing capacity.
  9. Empower healthcare professionals at all levels as well as the media, to provide effective, transparent and objective information to the public and fight false and misleading information, including by engaging with social media platforms and technological companies.
  10. Align and integrate vaccination in the global health and development agendas, through a renewed Immunisation agenda 2030.

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Global Vaccination Summit 2019

World Immunization Week- Protected Together: #VaccinesWork!

New TB vaccine GSK’s M72/AS01E success announced

WHO South-East Asia Region sets 2023 target to eliminate measles, rubella

National Immunization Schedule, Nepal (Revised)

September 12, 2019 0 comments
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National Plan, Policy & GuidelinesPublic Health UpdateResearch & Publication

Health Management Information System (HMIS) Guideline 2075

by Public Health Update September 12, 2019
written by Public Health Update

Health Management Information System (HMIS) Guideline 2075

(2nd Edition, Revised)

Register, Card and Reporting Formats

Common Tools

  • 1.1 Master Register
  • 1.2 Health Service Card
  • 1.3 Outpatient Register
  • 1.4 Referral/Transfer Slip
  • 1.5 Defaulter/Discontinuation Tracking Slip
  • 1.6 Tally Sheet

2. Infant and Child Health

  • 2.1 Child Health Card
  • 2.2 Immunization Register
  • 2.3 Children’s Nutrition Register
  • 2.4 CBIMNCI Register
  • 2.5 IMAM Child Health Card
  • 2.6 IMAM Register
  • 2.7 IMAM Register- Hospital

3. Family Health

  • 3.1 Face Sheet
  • 3.2 Pills, Depo Register
  • 3.3 IUCD/Implant Service Register
  • 3.4 Sterilization Service Register
  • 3.5 Maternal and Newborn Health Card
  • 3.6 Maternal and Newborn Health Service Register
  • 3.7 Safe Abortion Service Register

4. Community Services

  • 4.1 ORC Register
  • 4.2 FCHV Register
  • 4.3 Vitamin A register

5. Malaria, leprosy and Kala-azar

  • 5.1 Malaria, leprosy and Kala-azar Specimen Collection Form
  • 5.2 Malaria, leprosy and Kala-azar  laboratory Register
  • 5.3 Malaria and Kala-azar Treatment Register
  • 5.4 Leprosy Examination Treatment card
  • 5.5 Leprosy Treatment Register

6. Tuberculosis

  • 6.1 Tuberculosis Sample Collection Form
  • 6.2 Tuberculosis Laboratory Register
  • 6.3 Tuberculosis Treatment Card (Health Facility)
  • 6.4 Tuberculosis Treatment Card (Patient)
  • 6.5 Tuberculosis Treatment Register
  • 6.6 PAL: Smoking cessation Register
  • 6.7 DR Tuberculosis Laboratory Register
  • 6.8 DR Tuberculosis Treatment Register

7. HIV/AIDS and STI

  • 7.1 HIV Testing and Counseling Register
  • 7.2 Sexual Transmitted Infection Treatment Register
  • 7.3 PMTCT Service Register
  • 7.4 HIV Treatment and Care Register
  • 7.5 HIV Patient Treatment Card
  • 7.6 Opioid Substitution Therapy (OST) Register

8. Hospital

  • 8.1 admission Register
  • 8.2 Discharge Register
  • 8.3 Emergency Service Register

9. Monthly Reporting Forms

  • 9.1 FCHV Report Collection
  • 9.2 Community Level Health Service Monthly Reporting Form- Immunization & PHCORC
  • 9.3 PHCC, HP, SHP, Urban Health Clinic/ Center and Community Health Unit Monthly Reporting Form
  • 9.4 Public Hospital Reporting Form
  • 9.5 Non-public Health Facility Reporting Form

DOWNLOAD HMIS GUIDELINE PDF FILE

DOWNLOAD HMIS GUIDELINE PDF FILE


National Malaria Surveillance Guidelines 2019, Nepal

Guideline for Basic Health Service Centre Construction and Operation at Local Level 

WHO releases first guideline on digital health interventions

Ambulance Service Operation Guidelines- MoHP

Health Care Waste Management Guideline- 2014

National Guideline for Sickle Cell Anaemia and Thalassemia

September 12, 2019 0 comments
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National Plan, Policy & GuidelinesPublic Health UpdateResearch & Publication

A Guide to Early Warning and Reporting System (EWARS)

by Public Health Update September 10, 2019
written by Public Health Update

A Guide to Early Warning and Reporting System (EWARS) (Revised Edition- 2019)

Public health surveillance is the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data needed for the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. Main objectives of public health surveillance are:

  • Early detection and timely response to outbreaks and other public health emergencies
  • To monitor trends of diseases, health problems and determinants of health

Importance of surveillance

Early warning and detection of outbreaks

  • Timely detection and response to outbreaks and other public health emergencies
  • Surveillance provides alerts on the burden of notifiable diseases
  • Helps in emergency planning and preparedness

Assessing the health status and issues of the population

  • Keeps the record of existing health problems
  • Helps in the interpretation of mortality and morbidity status

Detecting change in the trend of diseases

  • Continuous recording/reporting of data notifies about the disease trend
  • Keeps the track of disease

Collection of data for Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation

  • Helpful for evidence-based planning and policy formation and setting priorities
  • Useful to monitor the progress and evaluate the effectiveness of health programmes

Early Warning and Reporting System (EWARS) in Nepal

Early Warning and Reporting System (EWARS) is operational in Nepal to perform EWAR function. EWARS is a hospital based sentinel surveillance system where the selected hospitals send immediate and weekly reports (including zero reports) on six priority diseases and outbreaks of any diseases. It is designed to provide timely report of selected epidemic prone, vector-borne, water and food borne diseases for the early detection of outbreaks. It was established in 1997 first in 8 sentinel sites and expanded to 24 sites in 1998, 26 sites in 2002, 28 sites in 2003, 40 sites in 2008 and 82 sites in 2016. In May 2019, additional 36 sites (private hospitals and medical colleges across Nepal) were declared as sentinel sites by the DOHS. Thus,  the total number of current sentinel sites is 118.

 

Sentinel sites include all the central hospitals, provincial hospitals, district hospitals, medical colleges including selected private hospitals. The main objective of EWARS is to strengthen the flow of information on outbreak prone infectious diseases and vector borne diseases from the districts and to facilitate prompt outbreak response to be carried out by rapid response teams (RRTs) at federal, provincial and local level. It is designed to provide timely report for the early detection of selected vector-borne, water and food borne diseases with outbreak potential.

Reportable diseases/health events

Currently, six diseases are reported in EWARS as shown in the box.

Epidemic prone diseases

  1. Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE)
  2. Cholera
  3. Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI)

Vector borne diseases

  1. Malaria
  2. Dengue
  3. Kala-azar
  4. Scrub typhus and ILI cases have also been reported since few years. So these diseases have also been included in this guide. Besides these prioritized diseases, other infectious diseases also need to be reported in EWARS in case of their outbreaks.

Early Warning Reporting System (EWARS), Nepal

Mechanism of information flow

Screen Shot 2019 09 10 at 22.13.12


Immediate reporting

The sentinel hospitals should immediately report, i.e. within 24 hours of confirmation of diagnosis (clinical and/or laboratory) of EWARS reportable diseases in following cases:

  • One confirmed case of Cholera
  • One case of confirmed Malaria
  • One case of confirmed case of Dengue
  • Five or more cases of AGE or SARI from same geographical area within one week
  • One case of confirmed Kala-azar

Consolidated immediate reports should be verified and forwarded by medical recorder of the hospital and sent to EDCD and VBDRTC.

Weekly reporting

The sentinel hospitals should prepare weekly report based on the epidemiological week calendar which starts on the first week of January (Epidemiological Week 1) and ends on lasts week of December (Epidemiological Week 52). Each week starts on Sunday and ends on Saturday.  For example, for the year 2019, Epidemiological Week 1 is or starts from December 30, 2018 (Epidemiological Week 1) and ends on December 28, 2019 (Epidemiological Week 52).

Consolidated weekly reports should be prepared for the epidemiological week and sent to EDCD and VBDRTC by Friday of the following week.

Based on timeliness of reporting, reports are categorised as:

  • On time: Report of an epidemiological week received within Friday of the following week.
  • No Report: Not receiving of Report till Friday

READ MORE INFORMATION: DOWNLOAD GUIDE


 

September 10, 2019 0 comments
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Communicable DiseasesGlobal Health NewsInternational Plan, Policy & GuidelinesPublic HealthPublic Health NewsPublic Health UpdateReportsResearch & Publication

Malaria eradication within a generation: ambitious, achievable, and necessary

by Public Health Update September 10, 2019
written by Public Health Update

Malaria eradication within a generation: ambitious, achievable, and necessary

The Lancet Commission on Malaria Eradication was convened in October 2017 to consider the feasibility, affordability, and merit of malaria eradication, to inform global opinion, and to identify priority actions to achieve eradication.

The Commission’s report, published in September 2019, synthesizes existing evidence with new epidemiological and financial analyses to demonstrate that malaria eradication by 2050 is a bold but attainable and necessary goal. In the report—the first academic, peer-reviewed document of its kind—the Commission examines the major operational, biological, and financial challenges on the path to eradication and identifies key solutions that will enable the global malaria community to bend the curve and achieve a world free of malaria within a generation. The Commission also emphasizes the substantial social and economic benefits of malaria eradication, together with its mutually reinforcing relationship with universal health coverage and global health security.

 

The feasibility of eradication by 2050 is an assertion, based on the balance of evidence and on the probability that particular challenges will be overcome. It cannot be proven in a rigorous or formal sense, but the evidence presented in the Commission’s report supports this assertion. The evidence also makes clear that malaria will not be eradicated under a business as usual scenario and that specific actions are required at country, regional, and global levels to ensure that eradication is achieved by 2050.

These actions will be reinforced by a global commitment to pursue malaria eradication as a defined, time-bound goal. Malaria eradication is a goal of epic proportions that requires high ambition and vision, together with an exceptional degree of international cooperation. While eradication is achieved by elimination, country by country and region by region, a global commitment to eradicate by 2050 brings purpose, urgency, and dedication to the task, well beyond a policy of simply eliminating where possible. It provides a rationale for countries to eliminate, knowing that their neighbors and regions are also committed.

It spurs investment and innovation in high burden countries to accelerate the end game. And it motivates a prioritized and aggressive research agenda to rapidly develop and deploy the new tools required to achieve eradication within three decades. The Commission concludes that a time-bound commitment to eradicate is essential to bend the curve and create a world free of malaria by 2050.

DOWNLOAD REPORT 


National Malaria Treatment Protocol 2019, Nepal – EDCD

National Malaria Surveillance Guidelines 2019, Nepal

Epidemiological Trend of Malaria in Nepal (2012/13-2017/18)

Algeria and Argentina certified malaria-free by WHO

Malaria vaccine pilot launched in Malawi

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PH Important DayPublic HealthPublic Health Update

World Suicide Prevention Day 2019: Working Together to Prevent Suicide!

by Public Health Update September 10, 2019
written by Public Health Update

World Suicide Prevention Day 2019: Working Together to Prevent Suicide!

World Suicide Prevention Day (WSPD) is observed every year on 10 September, WSPD is organized by the International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) and co-sponsored by World Health Organization. The purpose of this day is to raise awareness around the globe that suicide can be prevented. The Slogan for the year 2019 is ”Working Together to Prevent” Suicide.

Key Facts

  • Over 800,000 people die by suicide annually, representing 1 person every 40 seconds
  • Suicide is the 15th leading cause of death globally, account for 1.4% of all deaths and The global suicide rate is 11.4 per 100 000 population. (15.0/100 000 for males & 8.0/100 000 for females)
  • Suicide is the leading cause of death in people aged 15-24 in many European countries
  • Globally suicide rates among this age group are higher in males than females
  • Self-harm largely occurs among older adolescents, and globally is the 2nd leading cause of death for older adolescent girls
  • In 2012, 76% of global suicide occurred in low- and middle-income countries 39% of which occurred in the South-East Asia Region
  • In 25 countries (within WHO member states) suicide is currently still criminalized
  • In an additional 20 countries suicide attempters may be punished with jail sentences, according to Sharia law.
  • Suicide is the result of a convergence of risk factors including but not limited to genetic, psychological, social and cultural risk factors, sometimes combined with experiences of trauma and loss
  • Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in people who die by suicide
  • 50% of individuals in high income countries who die by suicide have major depressive disorder at their time of death
  • For every 1 suicide 25 people make a suicide attempt
  • 135 people are affected by each suicide death
  • This equates to 108 million people bereaved by suicide worldwide every year.

Suicide Prevention

Suicide prevention strategies aim to prevent suicide among targeted high-risk groups but also at a universal level. Effective suicide prevention strategies need to incorporate public health policy strategies and healthcare strategies, incorporating measure with the strongest evidence of efficacy such as:

  • Restriction of access to lethal means
  • Treatment of depression
  • Ensuring chain of care, and
  • School-based universal prevention

More Information: IASP


WSPD WSPD1

#आत्महत्यारोकथामदिवस

#WorldSuicidePreventionDay
#DiaMundialDaPrevençãoDoSuicídio
#DíaMundialPrevenciónSuicidio
#세계자살예방의날
#世界自殺予防デー
#世界预防自杀日
#世界預防自殺日
#HariPencegahanBunuhDiri
#اليوم_العالمي_لمنع_الانتحار
#JournéeMondialePréventionSuicide
#Weltsuizidpräventionstag
#ВсемирныйДеньПредотвращенияСамоубийств
#GiornataMondialePrevenzioneSuicidio #WereldSuïcidePreventiedag

”Working Together to Prevent Suicide” World Suicide Prevention Day 2018

”Take a minute, change a life”- World Suicide Prevention Day 2017

World Suicide Prevention Day – 10 September, 2016

“Preventing suicide: a global imperative”- WHO

Preventing Suicide: Reaching Out and Saving Lives #World_Suicide_Prevention_Day

World Suicide Prevention Day -2014; Suicide Prevention: One World Connected.’

#आत्महत्यारोकथामदिवस #WorldSuicidePreventionDay #DiaMundialDaPrevençãoDoSuicídio #DíaMundialPrevenciónSuicidio #세계자살예방의날 #世界自殺予防デー #世界预防自杀日 #世界預防自殺日 #HariPencegahanBunuhDiri #اليوم_العالمي_لمنع_الانتحار #JournéeMondialePréventionSuicide #Weltsuizidpräventionstag #ВсемирныйДеньПредотвращенияСамоубийств #GiornataMondialePrevenzioneSuicidio #WereldSuïcidePreventiedag

#आत्महत्यारोकथामदिवस
#WorldSuicidePreventionDay
#DiaMundialDaPrevençãoDoSuicídio
#DíaMundialPrevenciónSuicidio
#세계자살예방의날
#世界自殺予防デー
#世界预防自杀日
#世界預防自殺日
#HariPencegahanBunuhDiri
#اليوم_العالمي_لمنع_الانتحار
#JournéeMondialePréventionSuicide
#Weltsuizidpräventionstag
#ВсемирныйДеньПредотвращенияСамоубийств
#GiornataMondialePrevenzioneSuicidio #WereldSuïcidePreventiedag

September 10, 2019 0 comments
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Global Health NewsNon- Communicable Diseases (NCDs)Public HealthPublic Health NewsPublic Health Update

Accelerate efforts to eliminate cervical cancer: WHO

by Public Health Update September 7, 2019
written by Public Health Update

Accelerate efforts to eliminate cervical cancer: WHO

New Delhi, 6 September 2019

World Health Organization urged countries in its South-East Asia Region to accelerate efforts to eliminate cervical cancer by 2030.

“Countries need to expand vaccination, screening, detection and treatment services for everyone, everywhere to address the growing problem of cervical cancer,” said Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh, Regional Director WHO South-East Asia, at the Seventy Second Session of WHO Regional Committee here in Delhi.

Cervical cancer is a significant public health problem in the Region. In 2018, an estimated 158 000 new cases and 95 766 deaths were reported due to cervical cancer, which is the third most common type of cancer.

Addressing cancer risk factors and reducing its prevalence has been a regional flagship priority since 2014. All countries in the Region are taking measures for screening and treatment of pre-cancers. Four countries in the Region – Bhutan, Maldives, Sri Lanka and Thailand – have introduced HPV vaccine nationally.

“We need to scale up both our capacities and quality for screening, treatment services and palliative care,” the Regional Director said.

Vaccination against human papillomavirus, screening and treatment of pre-cancer, early detection, and prompt treatment of early invasive cancers and palliative care are proven effective strategies to address cervical cancer.

Member countries are working towards interim global targets – of achieving 90% girls fully vaccinated with the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine by 15 years of age; 70% women screened with a high-precision test at 35 and 45 years of age, and 90% women identified with the cervical disease receive treatment and care by 2030.

The Regional Director said there is need to strengthen national cervical cancer control plans, including appropriate strategies and guidelines for immunization, screening, treatment and care, including palliative care.

“It is necessary to include these services in the essential services packages towards universal health coverage to meet the targets,” Dr Khetrapal Singh said.

WHO is prioritizing cervical cancer elimination as worldwide cervical cancer remains one of the gravest threats to women’s lives.

SEAR/PR/1720


HPV Vaccination program inaugurated from Pokhara, Kaski (Photos)

Prevention and Control of Cervical Cancer (New WHO guide)

The National Immunization Programme (National Immunization Schedule), Nepal

September 7, 2019 0 comments
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Global Health NewsPublic HealthPublic Health NewsPublic Health UpdateVaccine Preventable Diseases

WHO South-East Asia Region sets 2023 target to eliminate measles, rubella

by Public Health Update September 6, 2019
written by Public Health Update

WHO South-East Asia Region sets 2023 target to eliminate measles, rubella

New Delhi, 5 September 2019: Member Countries of WHO South-East Asia Region resolved to eliminate measles and rubella by 2023, to prevent deaths and disabilities caused by these highly infectious childhood killers diseases.

“The new target to eliminate both the diseases will leverage the existing momentum and strong political commitment which is being demonstrated through unprecedented efforts, progress and successes in recent years,” said Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh, Regional Director WHO South-East Asia, as a resolution to eliminate the two diseases was adopted at the Seventy Second Session of WHO Regional Committee for South-East Asia here in New Delhi.

Measles elimination and rubella control has been a regional flagship priority since 2014. Five countries have eliminated measles – Bhutan, DPR Korea, Maldives, Sri Lanka and Timor-Leste. Six countries have controlled rubella – Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Timor-Leste.

To achieve the new targets, the Member countries resolved to strengthen immunization systems for increasing and sustaining high level of population immunity against measles and rubella at both national and sub-national levels.

The resolution calls for ensuring a highly sensitive laboratory supported case-based surveillance system – better evidence for appropriate planning and response. It also emphasizes on preparedness for outbreak response activities for measles and rubella.

All countries pledged to mobilize political, societal and financial support to ensure interruption of transmission of indigenous measles and rubella virus by 2023.

The Member countries adopted a “Strategic Plan for Measles and Rubella Elimination 2020-2024” that lays down the road map and focus areas to achieve the elimination targets in the Region.

“Eliminating measles will prevent 500,000 deaths a year in the Region, while eliminating rubella/ CRS would avert about 55,000 cases of rubella and promote health and well-being of pregnant woman and infants,” the Regional Director said.

The drive against measles and rubella/CRS gathered crucial momentum after 2014, when ‘Measles Elimination and Rubella/CRS Control by 2020’ was declared one of the eight Flagship Priority programmes for the Region and a Regional Strategic Plan was implemented across the Member States.

There has been a 23% decline in mortality due to measles in the 2014-17 period. Nearly 366 million children have been reached through mass vaccination campaigns with measles-rubella (MR) containing vaccines in the Region since January 2017.

Children in all 11 Member countries have access to 2 doses of measles containing vaccine (MCV) and ten countries have access to rubella-containing vaccine.

The decision to revise the targets of measles and rubella elimination was preceded by several consultations, including during the WHO South-East Asia Regional Immunization Technical Advisory Group meeting in July 2019. The WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia also conducted high-level consultations, in March 2019, with Member States on the feasibility of adopting the new target.

Measles is particularly dangerous for the poor, as it attacks malnourished children and those with reduced immunity. Measles can cause serious complications, including blindness, encephalitis, severe diarrhoea, ear infection and pneumonia while rubella/ congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) causes irreversible birth defects.

SEAR/PR/1719


Sri Lanka ?? eliminates measles

Substantial decline in global measles deaths, but disease still kills 90 000 per year

Bhutan, Maldives eliminate measles

National Immunization Schedule, Nepal (Revised)

World Immunization Week- Protected Together: #VaccinesWork!

September 6, 2019 0 comments
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Communicable DiseasesGlobal Health NewsInternational Plan, Policy & GuidelinesPublic HealthPublic Health NewsPublic Health UpdateResearch & Publication

South-East Asia Regional Action Plan on the Programmatic Management of Latent TB Infection launched

by Public Health Update September 5, 2019
written by Public Health Update

South-East Asia Regional Action Plan on the Programmatic Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infection launched

Health Ministers and experts from Member States of WHO South-East Asia Region began a week-long meeting in New Delhi this week to deliberate on priority public health issues and build on the recent momentum for elimination of communicable diseases. On 4 September, the Seventy-second meeting of the South-East Asia Regional Committee unanimously adopted the South-East Asia Regional Action Plan on the Programmatic Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infection. This plan developed through broad consultative process with country stakeholders, civil society and community partners and technical experts, aligns completely with the latest WHO guidelines on programmatic management of latent TB infection and aims to assist Member States in updating national policies, and prepare the health and community systems to launch adequate national response for provision of TB preventive treatment to all target populations.

Screen Shot 2019 09 05 at 18.42.15

Download: South-East Asia Regional Action Plan on Programmatic Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infection


Dissemination of Findings and Recommendations of Joint External Monitoring Mission(JEMM) of Nepal National Tuberculosis Program

National Tuberculosis Programme Annual Report 2018

World Tuberculosis Day Observed with theme “It’s Time”

Building a tuberculosis-free world: The Lancet Commission on tuberculosis

September 5, 2019 0 comments
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Global Health NewsHumanitarian Health & Emergency ResponsePublic HealthPublic Health NewsPublic Health Update

Member countries of WHO South-East Asia Region pledge to strengthen Emergency Preparedness

by Public Health Update September 4, 2019
written by Public Health Update

Member countries of WHO South-East Asia Region pledge to strengthen Emergency Preparedness

New Delhi, 4 September 2019: Prone to multiple hazards, Member countries of WHO South-East Asia Region have pledged to strengthen emergency preparedness capacities by scaling up risk assessment, increasing investments, and enhancing implementation of multi-sectoral plans.

As Member countries adopted the ‘Delhi Declaration – Emergency Preparedness in the South-East Asia Region’ at a Ministerial Round Table in New Delhi, the Regional Director, Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh, underscored the importance of preparedness saying, “stronger the capacities in our own countries, stronger will be the Region and stronger will be the world.”

The WHO Director General, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, who connected from Geneva to the Seventy-Second Session of WHO South-East Asia Regional Committee, said, “preparedness will save lives, and save money. The Delhi declaration on emergency preparedness is a vital step forward towards making the Region safer for all its people.”

The Delhi declaration calls for four key initiatives – identify risks by mapping and assessing vulnerabilities for evidence-based planning, implement measures for disaster risk reduction; prepare and operationalize readiness.

Invest in people and systems for risk management, by strengthening IHR core capacities, building resilient health systems and infrastructure, surge capacity through national emergency medical teams and rapid response teams. The commitment to invest more, also emphasizes on continued and greater support to South-East Asia Regional Health Emergency Fund (SEARHEF)’s preparedness stream.

The declaration also calls for implementing, monitoring, testing and adequately funding national action plans on disaster risk management, emergency preparedness and response.

Lastly, it emphasizes on interlinking sectors and networks – such as the ‘One Health’ approach to bridge the gap between diverse sectors including human, animal, environment – for prevention and control of emerging and re-emerging diseases.

Participating in the roundtable, Ministers of Health and heads of delegations of the 11 Member countries, that account for one-fourth of the global population, shared experiences from the numerous health emergencies that have hit the Region in the last over a decade. “We have a lot to share and learn from each other,” the Regional Director said.

The turning point was the Indian Ocean tsunami, that killed over 200,000 people, and caused massive destruction in six countries of the Region. The Region then set benchmarks for disaster preparedness and response and created the regional health emergency fund SEARHEF that has funded 39 emergencies in 9 countries, disbursing 6.07 million USD.

Despite improved capacities and responses to health emergencies, WHO South-East Asia continues to be one of the most vulnerable Regions at risk of emerging and re-emerging diseases, diseases associated with climate change and rapid and unplanned urbanization, and natural disasters such as floods, cyclones, earthquakes and volcano eruptions.

Since 2014, the start of the first term of the Regional Director, scaling up emergency risk capacities has been a Regional flagship priority. In her second term that began in 2019 February, the Regional Director has asked for sustain efforts to strengthen emergency preparedness and response; accelerate investments to address critical gaps at national and sub-national levels; and innovate to continuously improve preparedness and response system.

The Regional flagship is aligned to WHO’s global triple billion goal – one billion more people better protected from health emergencies, one billion more people enjoying better health and wellbeing and one billion more people benefitting from universal health coverage.

SEAR/PR/1718


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National Plan, Policy & GuidelinesNeglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)Public HealthResearch & Publication

National Malaria Treatment Protocol 2019, Nepal – EDCD

by Public Health Update September 4, 2019
written by Public Health Update

National Malaria Treatment Protocol 2019, Nepal – EDCD

Malaria case management, consisting of early diagnosis and prompt effective treatment, remains a vital component of malaria control and elimination strategies. This National Malaria Treatment Protocol 2019 contains updated recommendations based on national adaptation of global WHO recommendations to provide guidance to health workers to ensure that optimal care is provided for malaria patients and contribute to achieving the goal of malaria elimination in Nepal by 2025.

Diagnosis of malaria

  • Always obtain a travel history.
  • All cases of suspected malaria should have a parasitological test (microscopy or RDT) to confirm the diagnosis. RDTs should be used when microscopy is not feasible.
  • Use of both microscopy and RDTs should be supported by a quality assurance programme.

Treating uncomplicated P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae or P. knowlesi malaria

  • Treat with chloroquine (3 days) and primaquine (14 days) for P. vivax and P. ovale.
  • Treat with chloroquine (3 days) for P. malariae or P. knowlesi.

Blood stage infection

  • 1st line – chloroquine
  • 2nd line (chloroquine-resistance infection) – dihydroartemisinin + piperaquine

Preventing relapse in P. vivax or P. ovale malaria

  • 14-day course of primaquine – (except pregnant women, infants aged < 6 months, and women breastfeeding infants aged < 6 months).
  • G6PD testing is encouraged prior to 14 days PQ therapy but in case testing is not available closely supervised 14 days PQ therapy will be given.
  • Counselling should be done to patient and followed up on days 3-7-14 days to monitor for adverse effects and compliance with primaquine.

Pregnant or breastfeeding women

  • Treat with chloroquine for 3 days. Provide weekly chemoprophylaxis with chloroquine until delivery and breastfeeding are completed, then, treat with primaquine for 14 days to prevent future relapse.

Treating uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria

  • Treat with AL (3 Days) and Primaquine on Day 1
  • Treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria
    1st line – artemether + lumefantrine (AL)
    2nd line – dihydroartemisinin + piperaquine (DHA/PPQ)

Reducing the transmissibility of treated P. falciparum infections.

  • Primaquine single dose of 0.25 mg/kg bw – (except in pregnant women, infants aged < 6 months and women breastfeeding infants aged < 6 months). Testing for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is not required.

Pregnant or breastfeeding women

  • Treat pregnant women all trimesters and lactating mothers with the first line ACT (AL) as in non-pregnant women. Provide primaquine single dose of 0.25 mg/kg bw after delivery and breastfeeding completed.

Treating severe malaria

  • Intravenous or intramuscular artesunate for at least 24 hr. Once a patient has received at least 24 hr of parenteral therapy and can tolerate oral therapy, complete treatment with full course artemether + lumefantrine with single dose primaquine for falciparum and primaquine for radical cure of vivax (14 days).
  • Children weighing < 20 kg should receive a higher dose of artesunate (3 mg/kg bw per dose) than larger children and adults (2.4 mg/kg bw per dose).

Pre-referral treatment

  • A single intramuscular dose of artesunate and refer to an appropriate facility for further care.

Chemoprophylaxis

  • Malaria prophylaxis is not necessary for in-country travel within Nepal.
  • Prophylactic medication for malaria is recommended for Nepalese traveling to countries with areas of malaria transmission.
  • The medicine of choice depends on the parasite species and resistance profile in the destination country.

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