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• Family history of diabetes
• Overweight
• Unhealthy diet
• Physical inactivity
• Increasing age
• High blood pressure
• Ethnicity
• Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)*
• History of gestational diabetes
• Poor nutrition during pregnancy

• · 347 million people worldwide have diabetes.
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• · In 2012, an estimated 1.5 million deaths were directly caused by diabetes .
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• · More than 80% of diabetes deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries.
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• · WHO projects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death in 2030.
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• · Healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body weight and avoiding tobacco use can prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.
• 382 million people have diabetes in the world and more than 72.1 million people in the SEA Region; by 2035 this will rise to 123 million.
• There were 674,120 cases of diabetes in Nepal in 2013.

• To create public awareness about pneumonia that kills one child under the age of 5, every 20 seconds.
• To promote interventions for preventing and treating pneumonia
• To generate an action plan to combat pneumonia.

• Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death in children worldwide, accounting for 15% of all deaths of children under 5 years old.
• Pneumonia killed an estimated 935 000 children under the age of five in 2013.
• Pneumonia can be caused by viruses, bacteria or fungi.
• Pneumonia can be prevented by immunization, adequate nutrition and by addressing environmental factors.
• Pneumonia caused by bacteria can be treated with antibiotics, but only one third of children with pneumonia receive the antibiotics they need.
• Pneumonia is the leading infectious killer of children under five years old.
• In 2013 alone, more than 900,000 children died from this preventable and treatable illness, accounting for 15% of under-five child mortality worldwide, 2% of which are newborns.1
• Children in poor and rural communities are most affected. The top 15 countries with the highest burden of child pneumonia deaths are India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, China, Angola, Indonesia, Afghanistan, Kenya, Bangladesh, Sudan, Uganda, Niger, and Tanzania.
• In 2008, there were an estimated 203,000 deaths due to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and 541,000 deaths due to Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) in children under five.
• More than 99 percent of deaths from pneumonia occur in the developing world, where access to health care facilities and treatment is out of reach for many children. 

• Preventing pneumonia in children is an essential component of a strategy to reduce child mortality. Immunization against Hib, pneumococcus, measles and whooping cough (pertussis) is the most effective way to prevent pneumonia.
• Adequate nutrition is key to improving children’s natural defences, starting with exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. In addition to being effective in preventing pneumonia, it also helps to reduce the length of the illness if a child does become ill.
• Addressing environmental factors such as indoor air pollution (by providing affordable clean indoor stoves, for example) and encouraging good hygiene in crowded homes also reduces the number of children who fall ill with pneumonia.
• In children infected with HIV, the antibiotic cotrimoxazole is given daily to decrease the risk of contracting pneumonia.

• http://worldpneumoniaday.org/learn/
• http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs331/en/
• http://www.who.int/pmnch/media/news/2012/2012_world_pneumonia_day/en/